Predisposing Precipitating

Geographical area – tropical islands Washing of hands inadequately

in the Sharing of food from the same plate
Pacific (Philippines) and Asia Drinking unpurified water
Young adult(19-45) – 40yrs old Eating foods from the outside source
(carinderia)

Ingestion of foods or
fluids contaminated
with Salmonella typhi
bacteria

Bacteria enter the

stomach and survive
a pH
as low as 1.5

Bacteria invades the

Payer’s patches of the
intestinal wall in the small
intestines where it
attach (incubation period is
first 7-14 days
after ingestion)

Bacteria will then injects toxins known as

the effector proteins into the intestinal
cells and interrupts with the cellular
proteins & lipids & manipulate their
function resulting in phagocytization of the
epithelial cell membrane until it is engulf
down into the inferior part of the host cells
where macrophages is present.
 Macrophages & intestinal Perforation and
epithelial destruction of Signs/
cells then attract T cells & mucosal lining of the symptoms:
neutrophils with interleukin 8 (IL-8 intestinal wall can Abdominal
causing inflammation of the lead to persistent pain
intestinal wall) inflammation

The bacteria is within the

macrophages and survives
Ulceration and
bleeding in the
mucosal lining
Bacteria spread via the and
lymphatics leads to necrosis
while inside the
macrophages

Tissue damage and

Signs/ symptoms: inflammation causes
Febrile: T-38.5C The bacteria induced loss of absorption
Warmth to touch macrophage due to damaged villi
Headache of 3/10, body apoptosis, breaking out into the causing an increase
bloodstream and cause in water,
weakness
systemic electrolytes, mucus,
infection blood, and serum to
be pulled into the
intestine from
Septicimia immature crypt cells

Signs/ symptoms: Abdominal spasm is

RUQ Abdominal pain of
5/10 pain scale,
guarding behavior,
facial grimace,
tachypnea-RR of
induced to limit
mucosal injury
adding
in stimulation of
increased peristalsis