You are on page 1of 16

TKT Unit 1: Grammar

by

Porntip Bodeepongse

Thaksin Uiversity, Songkhla


What is grammar?
Grammar describes how we combine,
organize, and change words and parts of
words to make meaning. We use rules for this
description.
Key concepts
- Parts of speech
- Grammatical structures
- Word formation
Parts of speech
describe the function words or phrases
have in sentences.
- Nouns - Verbs - Adjectives
- Adverbs - Determiners - Prepositions
- Pronouns - Conjunctions - Exclamations

Activity 1
Grammatical structures
the arrangement of words into patterns
which have meaning.
The rules for grammatical structures use
grammatical terms to describe forms and uses.
Form refers to the specific grammatical parts
that make up the structure and the
order they occur in

Use refers to the meaning that the


structure is used to express.
Grammatical structures

Term Form Use


Past continuous subject + past tense of - to describe a
tense verb to be+ -ing form of temporary or
verb background situation
e.g. He was running or action in the past
Passive voice Subject + to be + past - to show what
participle (+by + agent) happens to people or
e.g. The road was built (by things
the company)

Activity 2
Word formation
In English we use prefixes and suffixes to
form new words.
Prefixes Suffixes
disappear talked
renew goes
unpack going
bicycle books
prepaid quickly

Activity 3
Nouns
Part of Speech Examples Function(s)
Nouns children -to name people,
• countable, sugar places, things,
qualities, ideas,
• uncountable
or activities
- to act as the
subject/object
of the verb
Verbs
Part of Speech Examples Function(s)

Verbs make - to show an


• transitive, do action, state or
experience
• intransitive see
run
Adjectives

Part of Speech Examples Function(s)


Adjectives easy -to describe or
• comparative easier give more
information
• superlative easiest
about a noun,
pronoun, or part
of a sentence
Adverbs
Part of Speech Examples Function(s)
Adverbs (e.g. of completely -to describe or give
degree, manner, quickly more information
time, frequency, about how, when or
yesterday
place) where something
always happens
-to add information
to adjectives, verbs,
other adverbs or
sentences
Determiners
Part of Speech Examples Function(s)
Determiners (e.g. my -to make clear which
possessive the noun is referred to or
adjectives, to give information
this
articles, about quantity
demonstrative both
adjectives,
quantifiers)
Prepositions

Part of Speech Examples Function(s)


Prepositions (e.g. after -to connect a noun,
of time, place, at noun phrase or
direction) pronoun to another
towards
word or phrase
Pronouns
Part of Speech Examples Function(s)
Pronouns (e.g. she -to replace or refer
personal, mine to a noun or noun
possessive, phrase just
who
relative, mentioned
reflexive, myself
indefinite) someone
Conjunctions

Part of Speech Examples Function(s)


Conjunctions (e.g. as -to join words,
of reason, and sentences or parts
addition, of sentences
but
contrast)
because
Exclamations

Part of Speech Examples Function(s)


Exclamations Er -to show a (strong)
(e.g. of doubt, Ow feeling – especially
pain, hesitation, in informal spoken
Ouch
surprise) language
Answer Key: Activity 1
1 preposition 6 noun
2 verb 7 determiner
3 noun 8 conjunction
4 adverb 9 pronoun
5 adjective 10 pronoun

You might also like