general formula CnH2n

complete CO2 + H2O ONLY

Combustion
incomplete CO and soot (carbon)
is the addition of hydrogen
Ni (nickel) catalyst
CONDITIONS 200°C
Hydrogenation 5 atm
ethene to ethane C2H4 + H2 -> C2H6
e.g.
vegetable oil to margarine
product alkane
is the addition of steam
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid) catalyst
Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons Alkenes bond present300°C
CONDITIONS
C=C in each
Ethene C2H4 (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen Hydration monomer 60 atm
CONDITIONS
only) containing a carbon-carbon double bond.
Propene C3H6 C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH
Alkenes are insoluable in water, e.g. ethene to ethanol
ethanol is used as solvent and fuel
however are very soluble in
organic solvents. product alcohol
General
This gives them the ability to undergo addition polymerisation to form Reactions is the addition of halogens
polymers (plastics). Alkenes are compounds in the absence of light
There are many uses of containing a Carbon-Carbon CONDITIONS room temperature
this reaction. One of its double bond. Halogenation
halogens as reagents
many uses is making
alchohol. e.g. C2H4(g) + Cl2(g) -> C2H4Cl2 (l)
product usually colourless

Polymerisation
conversion of long chains of hydrocarbons to shorter chains
big hydrocarbon molecules in it broken
down to smaller hydrocarbon molecules
smaller hydrocarbon
molecules used for fuel
usually, a mixture of alkenes
Pertroleum(crude oil) AND alkanes is produced
Cracking C18H38 -> C8H18 + C10H20
big alkane -> alkane+alkene
e.g. OR
C18H38 -> C6H14 + 6C2H4
big alkane-> alkane+six alkenes
through cracking of alkanes
production of ETHENE to make ehtanol and
uses plastics(polyethene)
production of HYDROGEN gas C18H38 -> 9C2H4 + H2