Aim :To study the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output

Problems statement :How do different quantities of water intake affect urine output?

Hypothesis :The larger the volume of water consumed, the larger the volume of urine excreted.

Variables Manipulated variable :Volume of water drunk

Responding variable :Volume of urine collected
Fixed variable :Type of drink, time intervals after which urine is collected

Materials :Distilled water

Apparatus : :Drinking cups, measuring cylinders and containers for collecting urine

Technique
Measure and record the total volume of urine collected with a measuring cylinder at 30 minute intervals for 90 minutes.

Procedure
1. The night before the experiment, the participating students are not to consume any food or drinks after 10.00
p.m.
2. Students are divided into four groups according to their average weight.
3. On the day of the experiment, each student drinks 500 m/ of distilled water in the morning one hour before the
experiment.
4. Each student empties his or her urinary bladder and collects the urine samples at the beginning of the laboratory
period.
5. Measuring cylinders are used to measure the volumes of these samples. These volumes are taken as the
volumes of urine excreted at the beginning of the experiment (0 minute).
6. Immediately after that, each group is assigned to drink various amounts of distilled water.
Group 1: 250m|of distilled water
Group 2: 500 ml of distilled water
Group 3: 750 ml of distilled water
Group 4: 1000 ml of distilled water
7. Urine samples from each student are taken at the 30th, 60th and 90th minute intervals after consuming the
distilled water. Measuring cylinders are used to measure the volumes of urine collected.
8. After each sampling, the urine' samples are discarded into the toilet.
9. The results for each student are recorded accordingly and the average reading from each group is taken.

Results
Group Average volume of urine sample collected
0 minutes 30th minutes 60th minutes 90th minutes
1
2
3
4
Discussion
1. What is the relationship between the volume of water drunk and the output of urine? Explain your answer.
2. How does the volume of urine collected change with time?
3. Describe how the volume of urine collected would differ in a person who drank 100 ml of distilled water as
compared to a person who drank 100 ml of 5% sodium chloride solution.
4. Calculate the rate of urine production (in ml/min) for each Student.

Conclusion
The larger the volume of water drunk, the larger the volume of urine excreted, The hypothesis is accepted.
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References
1. The larger the volume of water drunk, the larger the volume of urine excreted. This is because the blood osmotic
pressure decreases when more water is drunk. This results in less water being absorbed and consequently more
urine is excreted.
2. The volume of urine collected decreases with time.
3. If a person drinks 100 m/ of distilled water, the volume of water excreted will be more than a person who drinks
100 ml of 57o sodium chloride solution.
4. The assumption in this study is that students in the same group have the same rate of urine production.