STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions

STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions
Lee Kian Keong & LATEX

akeong@gmail.com
http://www.facebook.com/akeong
Last Edited by January 12, 2011
Abstract
This is a document which shows all the STPM questions from year 2002 to year 2010 using
LATEX. Students should use this document as reference and try all the questions if possible.
Students are encourage to contact me via email1 or facebook2 if there is any problem of the
questions. Students also encourage to send me your collection of papers or questions by email
because i am collecting various type of papers. All papers are welcomed.
Contents
1 PAPER 1 QUESTIONS 2
STPM 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
STPM 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
STPM 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
STPM 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
STPM 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
STPM 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
STPM 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
STPM 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
STPM 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2 PAPER 2 QUESTIONS 23
STPM 2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
STPM 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
STPM 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
STPM 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
STPM 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
STPM 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
STPM 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
STPM 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
STPM 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1
akeong@gmail.com
2
http://www.facebook.com/akeong
1
PAPER 1 QUESTIONS Lee Kian Keong
1 PAPER 1 QUESTIONS
2
PAPER 1 QUESTIONS Lee Kian Keong STPM 2002
STPM 2002
1. Simplify the statement p ∨ (∼ p ∨ q) ∨ (∼ p∧ ∼ q). [4 marks]
2. Find the exact value of x that satisfies the equation 5 sech x − 12 tanh x = 13. [4 marks]
3. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = xn+1 + xn with x0 = 0, x1 = 1. [5 marks]
4. Point P is represented by the complex number z = cos θ + i sin θ, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, in

Argand diagram. Show that the locus of the point Q that is represented by ω = 3z 2 is a
circle, and find its centre and radius. Find the minimum and maximum distance between
the point P and Q, and state the corresponding value of θ. [6 marks]
Z π
2
5. If In = xn cos x dx, show that, for n ≥ 2,
0
π n
In = − n(n − 1)In−2 .
2
[4 marks]
Z π
2
Hence, evaluate x4 cos x dx. [2 marks]
0
6. The function f is defined by

(
a + bx + x2 , x > 1,
f (x) =
1 − x, x ≤ 1,
with a and b are constants. Determine the values of a and b such that f is differentiable at
x = 1. [7 marks]
7. Find the particular solution for the differential equation

dy x−2 1
+ y=− 2 .
dx x(x − 1) x (x − 1)
3
that satisfies the boundary condition y = when x = 2. [8 marks]
4
8. Using mathematical induction, prove that

n
X sin(2n + 1)θ 1
cos 2rθ = − .
2 sin θ 2
r=1
[7 marks]
√
q
1
If sin θ = 2 − 3, find sin 5θ. [3 marks]
2
1
9. Show that cos nθ = (einθ + e−inθ ). [3 marks]
2
3
Hence, show that, for x ∈ R and |x| < 1,

∞
X (1 − x) cos θ
xn cos(2n + 1)θ = .
1 − 2x cos 2θ + x2
n=1
Deduce that
∞
X 1
cosn 2θ cos(2n + 1)θ = sec θ
2
n=0
1
for θ 6= kπ, where k is integer. [7 marks]
2
10. If xn = xn−1 + h and yn = y(xn ), with h3 and higher powers of h can be neglected, show
that the recurrence relation for differential equation yn00 − 2yn0 + 2yn = 0 is
(1 − h)yn+1 − 2(1 − h2 )yn + (1 + h)yn−1 = 0.
[7 marks]
If y0 = 0, y1 = 0.5, and h = 0.1, calculate y4 correct to three decimal places. [3 marks]
11. Matrix A is given by  

−2 1 3
A = −3 2 3 .
−1 1 2
Find the eigenvalue λ1 , λ2 , and λ3 , where λ1 < λ2 < λ3 of matrix A. Find also the
eigenvectors e1 , e2 , and e3 where ei corresponding to λi for i = 1, 2, 3. [8 marks]
Matrix P is a 3 × 3 matrix where its columns are e1 , e2 and e3 in sequence. Show that
 
λ1 0 0
P−1 AP =  0 λ2 0  .
0 0 λ3
[5 marks]
Deduce the relationship between determinant of A and its eigen values. [2 marks]
3 3 5
−1 d2 y dy d3 y dy 2 dy
12. If y = sin x, show that =x and = + 3x . [4 marks]
dx2 dx dx3 dx dx
Using Maclaurin theorem, express sin−1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to the
term in x5 . State the range of values of x for the expansion valid. [7 marks]
Hence,
(a) taking x = 0.5, find the approximation of π correct to two decimal places, [2 marks]
x − sin−1 x
(b) find lim . [2 marks]
x→0 x − sin x
4
STPM 2003
1. Determine whether each of the following propositions is true or false.
(a) If |2x − 3| > 9, where x is an integer, then |x| > 2. [2 marks]

(b) If A ∩ B = φ, where A and B are non-empty sets, then x ∈
/ B, ∀x ∈ A, or x ∈/ A,
∀x ∈ B. [2 marks]
2. Find the integral Z

dx
√ .
4x2 − 4x + 3
[4 marks]
3. Using Cramer’s rule, determine the set of values of k such that the following system of linear
equations has integer solutions.
2x − y + 3z = k,
2x + y − z = 1,
6x − 3y + z = 3k,
[6 marks]
4. Complex numbers z and w are such that |z|2 + 2Re wz = c, where c > −|w|2 . Show that
the locus of the point P which represents z in the Argand diagram is a circle, and state the
centre and radius of the circle in terms of w and c. [6 marks]
1
5. Use the expansion of to express tan−1 x as a series of ascending powers of x up to
1 + x2
the term in x7 . [4 marks]
Hence find, in terms of π, the sum of the infinite series
1 1 1
− 2
+ − ...
3×3 5×3 7 × 33
[2 marks]
Z π
6. Let In = sinn x dx, where n ≥ 2. Show that
0
n−1
In = In−2 .
n
[4 marks] Express In in terms of I1 , for odd integers n ≥ 3. Hence find the value of
Z π
sin7 x cos2 x dx.
0
[3 marks]
7. A loan of P ringgit is to be paid off over a period of N years. The loan carries a compound
interest of 100k% a year. The yearly repayment is B ringgit. The balance after r years is
5
ar ringgit, where a0 = P . The interest is charged on the balance at the beginning of the
year. Write down a recurrence relation that involves ar+1 and ar and show that

B B
ar = P − (1 + k)r + .
k k
[6 marks]
Calculate the yearly repayment if a loan of RM1OO 000 that carries a compound interest
of 8% a year is to be paid off over a period of 10 years. [3 marks]
8. Matrix M is given by
3 −1
M= .
4 −1
Use mathematical induction to prove that

n 2n + 1 −n
M = , n = 1, 2, . . .
4n 1 − 2n
[5 marks]
n
Show that M and M have the same eigenvalues. [4 marks]
9. If y = (sin−1 x)2 , show that, for −1 < x < 1,
d2 y dy
(1 − x2 ) 2
−x − 2 = 0.
dx dx
[3 marks]
−1 2 6
Find the Maclaurin series for (sin x) up to the term in x . [6 marks]
10. Find the general solution of the differential equation
d2 y dy
2
+2 + y = cos 2x − 7 sin 2x.
dx dx
[7 marks]
dy
Find the solution of the differential equation for which y = = 2 when x = 0. Determine
dx
whether this solution is finite as x → ∞. [5 marks]
11. Let a cosh x + b sinh x = r sinh(x + k), where a, b, and r are positive real numbers. Express
k and r in terms of a and b, and determine the condition in order that k and r exist.[7 marks]
Find the coordinates of the point on the curve y = cosh x + 3 sinh x which has a gradient of
√
8 at that point. [6 marks]
12. Obtain all the roots of the equation z 5 = 1 in the form eiθ , where 0 < θ ≤ 2π. Hence show
that the roots of the equation
(ω − 1)5 = ω 5
1 1 k
are + i cot π, where k = 1, 2, 3, 4. [8 marks]
2 2 5
6
Deduce the roots of the equation

(ω − i)5 = ω 5 .
[2 marks]
5 5 5 5
Write down the roots of the equations (ω − 1) = ω and (ω − i) = ω in the form a + bi,
with a and b in one decimal place. Describe and compare the positions of the roots of these
two equations in the Argand diagram. [5 marks]
7
STPM 2004
1. Show that the following pair of propositions are equivalent.
(p ↔ q); [∼ (p∧ ∼ q)] ∧ [∼ (∼ p ∧ q)].
[3 marks]
2. Show that
1
x + sin−1 (cos x) = π,
2
for 0 ≤ x ≤ π. [3 marks]
3. Using mathematical induction, prove that

n
X
p(p!) = (n + 1)! − 1.
p=1
[5 marks]
4. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = kxn + 4, where x0 = 7, x1 = 25 and k is a constant.

[7 marks]

−1 1 1+x d
5. Show that tanh x = ln for −1 < x < 1 and find (tanh−1 x). [7 marks]
2 1−x dx
6. Find the exact value of Z 2 p

x x4 − 1 dx.
1
[7 marks]
7. Show that the general solution of the recurrence relation an+2 = 6an+1 − 25an is
an = 5n (α cos nθ + iβ sin nθ),

4
where α and β are arbitrary complex constants and θ = tan−1 . [6 marks]
3
If a0 = a1 = 1, find the particular solution of the above recurrence relation. [2 marks]
xn
Z
8. If In = √ dx, where n > 1 and a is a non-zero constant, show that
x2 + a2
p
nIn + (n − 1)a2 In−2 = xn−1 x2 + a2 .
[4 marks]
1
x3 x2
Z
+
Hence, find the exact value of √ dx. [6 marks]
0 x2 + 1
8

1
9. Using Taylor’s theorem, find the series expansion of sin π + h in ascending powers of h
6
up to the term in h3 . [3 marks]
1
If 0 < h < π, show that the remainder term R is given by
6
√
1 4 3 4
h <R< h .
48 48
[4 marks]
1
Hence, find the bounds for sin π correct to seven decimal places. [3 marks]
5
10. For each of the following cases, find the equation of the locus of the complex number z and
show the locus in an Argand diagram.

z − (1 + i)
(a)
=2 [5 marks]
z − (1 − i)

z − (1 + i) 1
(b) arg = π [6 marks]
z − (1 − i) 2
11. The matrix A is given by  

2 −3 2
A = −3 3 3 .
2 3 2
Show that the eigenvalues of A are -3, 4 and 6. Find the corresponding eigenvectors.[8 marks]
Write down a matrix P such that PT AP is a diagonal matrix. Find this diagonal matrix
and its inverse. [6 marks]
d2 y dy
2
+ 4 + −12y = 8 cos 2t.
dt dt
[8 marks]

1
(a) Find the approximate values of y when t = nπ and when t = n+ π, where n is a
2
large positive integer. [3 marks]
(b) Show that, whatever the initial conditions, the limiting solution as t → ∞ may be
expressed in the form
y = k sin(2t + α),
where k is a positive integer and α an acute angle which are to be determined. [4 marks]
9
STPM 2005
1. Write down the negation, the converse and the contrapositive of the following implication
If a = 0 and b = 0, then ab = 0
Which of your answers is equivalent to the given implication? [4 marks]
2. The function f is defined by (

x2 − 1, x ≤ 1,
f=
k(x + 1), x > 1.
(a) If f is continuous, find the value of k. [2 marks]

(b) Determine, for this value of k, whether f is differentiate at x = 1. [3 marks]
3. Find the general solution of each of the following recurrence relations.
(a) ur+1 = αur + β2r , where α and β are arbitrary constants and α 6= 2. [3 marks]
r
(b) ur+1 = 2ur + γ2 , where γ is an arbitrary constant. [3 marks]
4. A differential equation has y = e3x and y = xe3x as solutions.
(a) Find the differential equation. [2 marks]

(b) Write down the general solution of the differential equation and determine the partic-
dy
ular solution satisfying the initial conditions y = 1 and = 0 when x = 0. [4 marks]
dx
5. A circular disc is partitioned into n equal sectors. Each sector is to be coloured with one of
the four different colours provided and no two adjacent sectors are to be of the same colour.
It an is the number of ways to colour the disc with n sectors, find a2 , a3 and a4 . [3 marks]
Given that an = 2an−1 + 3an−2 , where n ≥ 4, find an explicit formula for an . [4 marks]
√
6. Find the Maclaurin expansion of x cos x up to the term in x3 . State the range of values ot
x for which the expansion is valid. [7 marks]
7. If P is the point on an Argand diagram representing the complex number z and |z − 2 +

|z + 2| = 5, find the cartesian equation of the locus of P and sketch this locus. [4 marks]
Find the points on this locus which satisfy the equation

3 3
|z| = z − + i .
10 10
[4 marks]
8. Show that, for |x| > 1,

−1 1 x+1
coth x = ln .
2 x−1
10
[4 marks]
5
If coth 2y = , find the value of coth y. [4 marks]
4

k 1 5
A =  2 k 8 .
8 −3 2
Determine all values of k for which the equation AX = B, where B is a 3 × 1 matrix, does
not have a unique solution. [3 marks]
For each of these values of k, find the solution, if any, of the equation
 
1
AX = −2 .
4
[7 marks]

dy
x − 3y = x3 .
dx
[4 marks]
Find the particular solution given that y has a minimum value when x = 1. [3 marks]
Sketch the graph of this particular solution. [3 marks]
1
11. A curve has equation y = 1 − ln tanh x, where x > 0.
2
(a) Show that, for this curve, y > 1. [2 marks]
dy
(b) Show that = − cosech x. [3 marks]
dx
(c) Sketch the curve. [2 marks]
(d) Show that the length of the curve between the points where x = 1 and x = 4 is
ln(e6 + e4 + e2 + 1) − 3. [6 marks]
12. Prove de Moivre’s theorem for positive integer exponents. [5 marks]

Using de Moivre theorem, show that
sin 5θ = a sin5 θ + b cos2 sin3 θ + c cos4 θ sin θ

sin 5θ
where a, b and c are integers to be determined. Express in terms of cos θ, where θ is
sin θ
not a multiple of π. [5 marks]
4 2
Hence, find the roots of the
π 16x − 12x + 1 = 0 in trigonometric form. Deduce
equation
2π
the value of cos2 + cos2 . [6 marks]
5 5
11
STPM 2006
1. The matrix M is given by  
−3 1 2
M = −6 2 3 .
0 2 1
By using Cayley Hamilton theorem, show that
1
M−1 = (7I − M2 ),
6
where I is the 3 × 3 identity matrix. [4 marks]
2. Prove that
−1 −1 −1 x+y
tanh x + tanh y = tanh .
1 + xy
[2 marks]
Hence, solve the equation
8
tanh−1 3x + tanh−1 x = tanh−1 .
13
[3 marks]
3. Let A = {a, a + d, a + 2d} and B = {a, ar, ar2 }, with a 6= 0, d 6= 0 and r 6= 1. Show that
1 3
A = B if and only if r = − and d = − a. [7 marks]
2 4
4. Consider the system of equations
λx + y + pz = q,
3x − y − 2z = 1,
6x + 2y + z = 4,
for the two cases: p = 2, q = 1 and p = 1, q = 2.

For each case, find the unique solution if it exists or determine the consistency of the system
if there is no unique solution. [7 marks]
5. Find the domain and the range of the function f defined by
2(x − 1)
f (x) = sin−1 .
x+1
[4 marks]
Sketch the graph of f . [3 marks]
6. Show that √ !
Z 1
x−1 √ √ 2+ 6
√ dx = 6 − 2 − 2 ln √ .
0 x2 + 2x + 3 1+ 3
[7 marks]
12
7. If y = ex cos x, prove by mathematical induction that

dn y

1
n x 1
= 2 e x + nπ ,
2
dxn 4
for every positive integer n. [8 marks]
8. Determine the number of root(s) of the equation x − tanh ax = 0 for each of the following
cases.
(a) a < 1
(b) a = 1
(c) a > 1
[8 marks]
9. Let an be the number of ways (where the order is significant) the natural number n can be
written as a sum of l’s, 2’s or both. Find a1 , a2 , a3 and a4 . [2 marks]
Explain why the recurrence relation for an , in terms of an−1 and an−2 is
an = an−1 + an−2 , n > 2.
[2 marks]
Find an explicit formula for an . [6 marks]
1
10. Using the substitution x = z 2 , transform the differential equation
d2 y

1 dy
+ 4x − + 4x2 y = 0
dx2 x dx
into one relating y and z. [5 marks]
dy
Hence, find y in terms of x given that y = 2 and = −2 when x = 1. [5 marks]
dx
State the limiting value of y as x → ∞. [1 marks]
√
11. Let zl = 1, z2 = x + iy, z3 = y + ix, where x, y ∈ R, x > O and i = −1. If z1 , z2 , . . ., zn
is a geometric progression,
(a) find x and y, [3 marks]

(b) express z2 and z3 in the polar form, [2 marks]
(c) find the smallest positive integer n such that z1 + z2 + . . . + zn = 0, [5 marks]
(d) find the product z1 z2 z3 . . . zn , for the value of n in (c). [3 marks]
12. Derive the Taylor series for ex expanded at x = 0 and show that 2 < e < 3. [6 marks]
n
Write the above series up to the term in x together with the remainder term. Hence,
determine the smallest integer n to ensure that the estimated value of e is correct to four
decimal places and find the estimated value. [7 marks]
13
STPM 2007
1 1 1
1. If z = cos θ + i sin θ, show that 2
= (1 − i tan θ) and express in a similar form.
1+z 2 1 − z2
[4 marks]
π
Z
4 √
2. Show that sec x(sec x + tan x)2 dx = 1 + 2. [4 marks]
0
3. Using the substitution x = e2 , show that the differential equation

d2 y dy
x2 + px + qy = 0,
dx2 dx
where p and q are constants, can be transformed into the differential equation
d2 y dy
2
+r + sy = 0,
dz dz
where r and s are constants to be determined in terms of p and q. [5 marks]
4. The matrices A and B are given by

   
1 2 3 4 4 2 3 4
5 1 1 3,B =  5 4 1 3

A= 2
.
0 8 0   2 0 11 0 
−1 −1 3 9 −1 −1 3 12
 
1
1
1 is an eigenvector of the matrix A, find its corresponding eigenvalue.[3 marks]
Given that  
1
 
1
1
Hence, find the eigenvalue of the matrix B corresponding to the eigenvector 1. [3 marks]

5. Show that
1
sec−1 x + cosec−1 x = π,
2
1 1 1
where 0 ≤ sec−1 x ≤ π, sec−1 x 6= π, − π ≤ cosec−1 x ≤ π and cosec−1 x 6= 0. [3 marks]
2 2 2
Hence, find the value of x such that
3
sec−1 x cosec−1 x = − .
2
[3 marks]
6. A sequence a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . is defined by a0 = 1 and ar+1 = 2ar + b for r ≥ 0, where b ∈ R.

Express ar in terms of r and b, and verify your result by using mathematical induction.
[7 marks]
14
7. Solve the recurrence relation
ar − ar−1 − ar−2 = (−2)r ,
where a0 = 0 and a1 = 2. [8 marks]
8. Consider the system of equations
λx + y + z = 1,
x + λy + z = λ,
x + y + λz = λ2 ,
where λ is a constant.
(a) Determine the values of λ for which this system has a unique solution, infinitely many
solutions and no solution. [5 marks]
(b) Find the unique solution in terms of λ. [5 marks]
9. Solve the differential equation

dy
+ y sinh x = sinh x,
dx
given that y = 0 when x = 0. [5 marks]
Show that 0 ≤ y < 1 for all real values of x, and sketch the graph of the solution of the
differential equation. [5 marks]
10. Find the constants A, B, C and D such that
e2x + e−2x − 2ex − 2e−x − 1 = A cosh2 x + B cosh x + C sinh2 x + D sinh x.
[5 marks]
e2x + e−2x − 2ex − 2e−x − 1 = 0.
[5 marks]
11. Show that the Maclaurin series for (1 + x)r is

∞
X r(r − 1) . . . (r − k + 1)
1+ xk ,
k!
k=1
1
where r is a rational number. Write down the Maclaurin series for (1+x2 )−1 and (1+x2 )− 2 .
[8 marks]
−1 −1
Hence, find the Maclaurin series for tan x and sinh x. [5 marks]
x − tan−1 x 1
Show that lim 2 = . [2 marks]
x→0 x sinh−1 x 3
12. Find the roots of the equation (z − iα)3 = i3 , where α is a real constant. [3 marks]
15
(a) Show that the points representing the roots of the above equation form an equilateral
triangle. [2 marks]
(b) Solve the equation [z − (1 + i)]3 = (2i)3 . [5 marks]
(c) If ω is a root of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c ∈ R and a 6= 0, show that
its conjugate ω ∗ is also a root of this equation. Hence, obtain a polynomial equation
of degree six with three of its roots also the roots of the equation (z − i)3 = i3 .[5 marks]
16
STPM 2008
1. If p ⇒ q, r ⇒∼ q and ∼ s ⇒ r, show that p ⇒ s. [3 marks]
Z x
1
2. Using the result that tan−1 x = dt, show that
0 1 + t2
x3 x5 x7
tan−1 x = x − + − + ...
3 5 7
where |x| < 1. [2 marks]
tan−1 x
Hence, find lim . [2 marks]
x→0 sin x
π π
3. If − < tan−1 (sinh x) < , show that
2 2
cos(tan−1 (sinh x)) = sech x.
[5 marks]
1
4. Use Taylor series to find the first four terms in the expansion of at x = 1.[5 marks]
(2x + 1)3
5. Let x1 = a and xr+1 = xr + d, where a and d are positive constants and r is a positive
integer. Prove, by mathematical induction, that
k
X 1 k
= ,
xi xi+1 x1 xk+1
i=1
for k ≥ 2. [6 marks]
6. Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the region in which 1 ≤ |z + 2 − 2i| ≤ 3, where z is a complex

number. [3 marks]
Determine the range of values of |z|. [4 marks]
7. The equation z 4 − 2z 3 + kz 2 − 18z + 45 = 0 has an imaginary root. Obtain all the roots of
the equation and the value of the real constant k. [8 marks]
Z 0
8. Let Im,n = xm (1 + x)n dx, where m, n ≥ 0. Show that, for m ≥ 0, n ≥ 1,
−1
n
Im,n = − Im+1,n−1 .
m+1
[3 marks]
(−1)m m!n!
Hence, show that Im,n = . [6 marks]
(m + n + 1)
17
9. The cooling system of an engine has a capacity of 10 litres. It leaks at a rate of 100 ml
per week. At time 0. it is full and contains water only. Every week (at times 1, 2, 3. ...).
the cooling system is topped up with 100 ml of a coolant mixture of concentration 20% (a
mixture of 80 ml of water and 20 ml of coolant).
Let vn , be the volume in millilitres and cn the concentration of the coolant in the cooling
system immediately after the top up at time n.
(a) Express vn+1 in terms of vn , [3 marks]

(b) Show that cn+1 = 0.99cn + 0.002, and solve this recurrence relation. [8 marks]
(c) What is the concentration of the coolant as n becomes very large? [1 marks]
10. Find the solution of the differential equation
d2 y dy 1
3 2
−2 − y = 4e− 3 x − x2 + 24
dx dx
dy
for which y = 0 and = 1 at x = 0. [12 marks]
dx
11. A curve is defined by x = cos θ(1 + cos θ) , y = sin θ(1 + cos θ).
(a) Show that

2 2
dx dy
+ = 2(1 + cos θ).
dθ dθ
[4 marks]
(b) Calculate the length of the arc of the cUrve between the points where θ = 0 and θ = π.
[5 marks]
(c) Calculate the surface area generated when the arc is rotated completely about the
x-axis. [4 marks]
12. Find the eigenvalues of the matrix A given by

 
4 4 3
A = −1 −1 −1
−4 −4 −3
and an eigenvector corresponding to each eigenvalue. [8 marks]

−1
Write down a matrix P and a diagonal matrix D such that A = PDP . [2 marks]
n n
Hence, show that A = A when n is an odd positive integer, and find A when n is an even
positive integer. [6 marks]
18
STPM 2009
1. Prove that, if x > k, then x3 − kx2 + ax − ak > 0 for every real number a > 0. [2 marks]
Write down the converse and contrapositive of the above statement. [2 marks]
2. The real matrix A is given  

a 0 −a
A =  0 b 0 .
−c 0 c
where 0 < a < b < c. Show that all the eigenvalues of matrix A are distinct. [4 marks]
3. Solve the recurrence relation un+1 = 3un + 1, where n ≥ 1 and u1 = 3. [5 marks]
4. Let a = a(2t + sinh 2t) and y = b tanh t, where a, b > 0 are constants and t ∈ R. Show that
dy b
0< ≤ . [5 marks]
dx 4a

−1 1 1+x
5. Show that tanh x = ln for |x| < 1. [4 marks]
2 1−x
−1 3
2 tanh = ln x.
x
where x > 0. [3 marks]
x π π
6. If tan y = , where − < y < , expand y in ascending powers of (x − 1) up to the
1+x 4 4
term in (x − 1)2 . [5 marks]

1 1
Hence, find the approximate value of tan−1 − tan−1 . [2 marks]
2 3

1 1 c
A = 1 2 3
1 c 1
and B is a 3 × 1 matrix.
(a) Find the values of c for which the equation AX = B does not have a unique solution.
[3 marks]
(b) For each value of c, find the solutions, if any, of the equation
 
1
AX =  −3  .
−11
[5 marks]
8. (a) Show that sin(x + iy) = sin x cosh y + i cos x sinh y, nnd hence, find the values of x and
π
y if the imaginary part of sin(x + iy) is zero, where x ≥ 0 and y ≤ . [4 marks]
2
19
(b) Find the roots of ω 4 = −16i, and sketch the roots on an Argand diagram. [5 marks]
9. A curve has parametric equations
x = t + ln | sinh t| and y = cosech t,
where t 6= 0.
dy
(a) Find . [3 marks]
dx
d2 y
(b) Show that = −e−2t (cosh t + cosech t). [2 marks]
dx2
1 √
(c) Show that the curve has a point of inflexion where t = ln( 5 − 2). [5 marks]
2
1
10. Using the substitution z = , show that the differential equation
y
dy 2y
− = y2
dx x
may be reduced to
dz 2z
+ = −1.
dx x
[2 marks]
Hence, find the particular solution y in terms of x for the differential equation given that
y = 3 when x = 1. [6 marks]
Sketch the graph y. [3 marks]
11. Find the values of p and q so that −1, −1 and 2 are the characteristic roots of the recurrence
relation an + pan−2 + qan−3 = 0. [3 marks]
Using the values of p and q, solve the recurrence relation
p
an + pan−2 + qan−3 = −1 + bn−1 ,
1 3 15
where n ≥ 3, a0 = , a1 = , a2 = , and bm satisfies the relation
4 2 4
m+1 2

bm+1 = bm ,
m
where m ≥ 1 and b1 = 9. [11 marks]
12. If x(t) and y(t) are variables satisfying the differential equations
dy dx dy dx
+2 = 2x + 5 and − = 2y + t.
dt dt dt dt
d2 y dy
(a) show that 3 2
− 6 + 4y = 2 − 2t. [4 marks]
dx dt
(b) find the solution x in terms of t for the second order of differential equation given that
y(0) = y 0 (0) = π. [12 marks]
20
STPM 2010
1. Find the contrapositive, converse, inverse and negation of the quantifier proposition
∀x ∈ R, if x(x + 1) > 0, then x > 0 or x < −1.
[4 marks]
2. Using mathematical induction, show that 22n − 1 is a multiple of 3 for all positive integers
n. [4 marks]
3. Solve the recurrence relations
(a) an = 22n an−1 , where a0 = 1, [3 marks]

n−1
(b) an = an−1 + 3 + 2, where a0 = 0. [3 marks]
4. Show that
−1 1 −1 1
tan − tan = cot−1 (x2 − x + 1), x > 1.
x−1 x
[3 marks]
Hence, find the value of x such that

−1 1 −1 1 −1 1
tan = tan + tan .
x−1 x x+1
[3 marks]
[The principal values of each angle are to be considered.]
5. Given that y = x − cos−1 x, where −1 < x < 1.

3
d2 y

dy
(a) Show that =x −1 . [2 marks]
dx2 dx
(b) Find the Maclaurin series for y in ascending powers of x up to the term in x5 .[5 marks]
6. The differential equation

dQ Q
+R =V
dt C
describes the charge Q on a capacitor of capacitance C during a charging process involving
a resistance R and electromotive force V .
(a) Given that Q = 0 when t = 0, express Q as a function of t. [5 marks]

(b) What happens to Q over a long period of time when R = 10Ω, V = 5 V and C= 2 F?
[2 marks]
 
1 0 4
7. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the matrix 0 2 0 . [8 marks]
3 1 −3
21
8. A curve is defined parametrically by
x = 2 cosech3 t, y = 3 coth2 t.
2 2
dx dy
(a) Show that + = 36 cosech4 t coth4 t. [5 marks]
dt dt
(b) The points A and B in the curve are defined by t = ln 2 and t = ln 3 respectively. Show
4625
that the length of the arc AB is . [3 marks]
864
9. Show that
−1 1 x+1
coth x = ln ,
2 x−1
where |x| > 1. [3 marks]

1+y y 1
Hence, solve the equation coth−1 + coth−1 = ln 2y. [6 marks]
y 1−y 2
10. A particle moves in a horizontal straight line. The displacement ar of the particle from a
fixed point at the r-th second (r ≥ 2) satisfies the recurrence relation
ar = 9ar−2 + br ,
where
br = br−1 + 6br−2 ,
with a0 = 0, a1 = 4, b0 = 0, and b1 = 10.
(a) Show that br = 2(3r ) + (−2)r+1 . [4 marks]

(b) Find ar in terms of r. [8 marks]
11. Find the general solution of the first order differential equation
dy
+ 5y = sinh 2x + 2x.
dx
[6 marks]
Hence, solve the second order differential equation
d2 y dy
2
+5 = 4 cosh2 x,
dx dx
dy
given that x = 0, y = 1 and = 3. [7 marks]
dx
12. (a) Find the fifth roots of unity in the form cos θ + i sin θ, where −π < θ ≤ π. [4 marks]
5
z − 2i
(b) By writing the equation (z − 2i)5 = (z + 2i)5 in the form = 1, show that
z + 2i
π 2π
its roots are ±2 cot and ±2 cot . [7 marks]
5 5
π
2π π 2π
Hence, find the values of cot2 + cot2 and cot2 cot2 . [5 marks]
5 5 5 5
22
PAPER 2 QUESTIONS Lee Kian Keong
2 PAPER 2 QUESTIONS
23
STPM 2002
1. State the relationship between the sum of degree of vertices and the number of edges in
a simple graph. Deduce that a simple graph with five vertices of degree 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 is
impossible. [4 marks]
2. Given that points O, P , and Q non-colinear, R lies on the line P Q. Position vector of P ,
Q, and R respect to O are p, q, and r respectively. Show that r = µp + (1 − µ)q, where µ
is a real number. [2 marks]
If R is the perpendicular foot form O to P Q, show that
|q|2 − p · q |p|2 − p · q
r= p + q.
|p − q|2 |p − q|2
[4 marks]
3. Prove that the planes ax + by + cz = d and a0 x + b0 y + c0 z = d0 are parallel if and only

if a : b : c = a0 : b0 : c0 . Find the equation of the plane π that is parallel to the plane
3x + 2y − 5z = 2 and contains the point (-1, 1, 3). [5 marks]
Find the perpendicular distance between the plan π and the plane 3x + 2y − 5z = 2.[2 marks]
4. Draw a connected graph with eight vertices, with no degree 1, if the graph is
(a) Eulerian and Hamiltonian, [2 marks]

(b) not Eulerian but Hamiltonian, [2 marks]
(c) Eulerian but not Hamiltonian, [2 marks]
(d) not Eulerian and not Hamiltonian. [2 marks]
5. Transformation P is defined by

x 1 1 x
P : →
y 0 −1 y
(a) Find the invariant line that passes through origin under transformation P . [6 marks]
(b) Find the area of the image of triangle ABC with points A(0, −2), B(3, 0), and C(1, 4)
under the transformation P . [3 marks]
6. Let n ∈ N and n ≥ 2.
(a) If n = 6k + 1 or n = 6k + 5, with k integer, prove that 2n + n2 ≡ 0(mod 3). [9 marks]

(b) If 2n + n2 is a prime number, prove that n ≡ 3(mod 6). [4 marks]
7. Continuous random variable Z is standard normal random variable. State the exact name
of the distribution Z 2 , and state the mean and variance. [3 marks]
8. A survey carried out in an area to estimate the proportion of people who have more than
one house. This proportion is estimated using 95% confidence interval. If the estimated
24
proportion is 0.35, determine the smallest sample size required so that estimation error did
not exceed 0.03 and deduce the smallest sample size required so that the estimation error
did not exceed 0.01. [7 marks]
9. A random sample of 12X randomly selectedX apples from a box of apples. The mass of apples,
in g, is summarized by x = 956.2 and x2 = 81175.82. Find a 95% confidence interval
for the mean mass of apples in the box. State any assumptions you make. [7 marks]
10. Random variable X is normally distributed with mean µ and variance 36. The significance
tests performed on the null hypothesis H0 : µ = 70 versus the alternative hypothesis H1 :
µ 6= 70 with a probability of type I error equal to 0.01. A random sample of 30 observations
of X are taken and sample mean barX taken as the test statistic. Find the range of the test
statistic lies in the critical region. [8 marks]
11. State common conditions apply to the distribution of test statistics in the test of goodness
of fit, χ2 is approximated to χ2 distribution. [2 marks]
A study was conducted in a factory on the number of accidents that happen on 100 factory
workers in a period of time. The following data were obtained.
Number of accident 0 1 2 3 4 5
Number of workers 25 31 23 13 5 3
Test, at 1% significant level, whether the data above is a sample from the Poisson distribution
with parameter 1.5. [10 marks]
12. Explain the least squares method to obtain equation of regression line, using diagram.
[3 marks]
Five pairs of value of variable x and y are given by
x 30 40 50 60 70
y 90 84 82 77 68
(a) Obtain the equation of the least squares regression line of y on x in the form y = a+bx,
by giving the values of a and b correct to one decimal places. [7 marks]
(b) When the sixth pair (x6 , y6 ) is combined with the five pairs of values above, the
equation of the least squares regression line of y on x from the six pairs of values is
1
y = 105 − x. Find x6 and y6 . [6 marks]
2
25
STPM 2003
1. Let T : R2 → R2 be a linear transformation such that

1 2 0 1
T: → , T: → .
1 −3 0 2
Show that
a a+b
T: → .
b −5a + 2b
[4 marks]
2. Solve the pair of congruences
x ≡ 1 (mod 6),
x ≡ 5 (mod 11).
[5 marks]
3. The vector equations of two intersecting lines are given by r = 2i + j + λ(i + j + 2k) and
r = 2i + 2j − k + µ(i + 2j + k).
(a) Determine the coordinates of the point of intersection of the two lines. [3 marks]
(b) Find the acute angle between the two lines. [4 marks]
4. Find the greatest common divisor of 2501 and 2173 and express it in the form 2501m +
2173n, where m and n are integers which are to be determined. [6 marks]
Find the smallest positive integer p such that 9977 + p = 2501x + 2173y, where x and y are
integers. [3 marks]
1
5. Let G be a simple graph with n vertices and m edges. Prove that m ≤ n(n − 1). [4 marks]
2
If n = 11 and m = 46, show that G is connected. [7 marks]
6. Describe the transformation in the xy-plane represented by the matrix

√ 
5 2
 3 3 
√ .
2 5

−
3 3
[3 marks]
(a) Show that the equation of the invariant line which contains the invariant points is
√ !
3− 5
y= x, and find the equation of the other invariant line which passes through
2
the origin. [7 marks]
(b) The points P and Q are (2, −1) and (3, 0) respectively.! Find the coordinates of the
√
3− 5
point T which lies on the invariant line y = x such that the sum of the
2
distance between P and T and the distance between Q and T is minimum. [4 marks]
26
7. A random sample X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn is taken from a normal population with mean µ and

variance 1. Determine the smallest sample size which is required so that the probability
that X̄ lies within 0.2 of µ is at least 0.90. [5 marks]
k
X (Oi − Ei )2
8. In a chi-square test, the test statistic is given by χ2 = , where Oi is the
Ei
i=1
observed frequency, Ei the expected frequency, and k > 2. Show that
k k
X (Oi − Ei )2 X O2 i
= − N,
Ei Ei
i=1 i=1
k
X k
X
where N = Oi = Ei . [2 marks]
i=1 i=1
A car model has four colours: white, red, blue, and green. From a random sample of 60
cars of that model in Kuala Lumpur, 13 are white, 14 are red, 16 are blue, and 17 are green.
Test, at the 5% significance level, whether the number of cars of each colour of that model
in Kuala Lumpur is the same. [5 marks]
9. Explain what a least square regression line means. [3 marks]

The life (x thousand hours) and charge (y amperes) of a type of battery may be related by
the least square regression line y = 7.80 − 1.72x.
(a) Determine, on the average, the reduction in the charge of the batteries after they have
been used for 1000 hours. [2 marks]
(b) Find the mean charge of the batteries after they have been used for 3000 hours.[2 marks]
10. The mean and standard deviation of the yield of a type of rice in Malaysia are 960 kg per
hectare and 192 kg per hectare respectively. From a random sample of 30 farmers in Kedah
who plant this rice, the mean yield of rice is 996 kg per hectare. Test, at the 5% significance
level, the hypothesis that the mean yield of rice in Kedah is more than the mean yield of
rice in Malaysia. Give any assumptions that need to be made in the test of this hypothesis.
[8 marks]
11. Let Pearson’s correlation coefficient between variables x and y for a random sample be r.
(a) If all the points on the scatter diagram lie on the line y = c, where c is a constant,
comment on the values of r. [2 marks]
(b) If all the points on the scatter diagram lie on the line y = a + bx, where a and b are
b
constants and b 6= 0, show that r = √ and deduce the possible values of r. [6 marks]
b2
12. Out of 100 com seeds of type A which are planted in a certain area, 24 seeds fail to germinate.
Out of 50 corn seeds of type B which are planted in that area, 4 seeds fail to germinate.
(a) Find a 90% confidence interval for the proportion of corn seeds of type A which fail to
germinate in that area. [5 marks]
27
(b) By considering an appropriate 2 × 2 contingency table, test, at the 5% significance

level, the hypothesis that the proportions of corn seeds of type A and of type B which
fail to germinate in that area arc the same. [10 marks]
28
STPM 2004
1. Write down an incidence matrix for the graph given below. What can be said about the
sum of the entries in any row and the sum of the entries in any column of this incidence
matrix? [4 marks]
v1 e1 v2
e6 e2
e5
e3 v3
v4
e4
v5
2. The straight line joining the points (0, 0, 1) and (1, 0, 0) intersects the plane x+y+2z+2 = 0.
Find the coordinates of the point of intersection. [5 marks]
3. Define a simple graph. [1 marks]

State whether there exists a simple graph with
(a) eight vertices of degrees 7, 7, 7, 5,4, 4, 4,4;

(b) five vertices of degrees 2, 3, 4,4, 5.
For each case, construct a simple graph if it exists, or give a reason if there does not exist
a simple graph. [5 marks]
   
1 3
4. The point P lies on the line r = 3 + t 4 and the point Q lies on the plane whose
  
3 8
equation is r · (3i + 6j + 2k) = −22 such that P Q is perpendicular to the plane.
(a) Find the coordinates of P and Q in terms of t. [6 marks]

(b) Find the vector equation of the locus of the midpoint of P Q. [3 marks]
5. T : R2 → R2 is a linear transformation such that the images of the points (1, 2) and (−1, 0)
are the points (3, −2) and (−1, 0) respectively.
(a) Find the matrix which represents T. [4 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the line which is the image of the line y = mx + c under T.[6 marks]
6. Define the congruence a ≡ b(mod m). [1 marks]

3 3
Solve each of the congruences x ≡ 2(mod 3) and x ≡ 2(mod 5). Deduce the set of positive
integers which satisfy both the congruences. [9 marks]
29
Hence, find the positive integers x and y which satisfy the equation x3 + 5xy = 12152.
[5 marks]
7. The Pearson correlation coefficient between two variables X and Y for a random sample is
0.
(a) State whether this means that there is no linear relation between X and Y . Sketch a
scatter diagram for X and Y . [2 marks]
(b) State whether this means that X and Y are independent. Give a reason for your
answer. [2 marks]
8. A normal population has mean µ and variance σ 2 .
(a) Explain briefly what a 95% confidence interval for µ means. [2 marks]
(b) From a random sample, it is found that the 95% confidence interval for µ is (−1.5, 3.8).
State whether it is true that the probability that µ lies in the interval is 0.95. Give a
reason. [2 marks]
(c) A total of 120 random samples of size 50 are taken from the population and for each
sample a 95% confidence interval for µ is calculated. Find the number of 95% confidence
intervals which are expected to contain µ. [1 marks]
9. The equation of the regression line of the variable X on variable Y is x = −2y + 11. The
2
Pearson correlation coefficient between X and Y is − √ . The means of X and Y are 5 and
5
3 respectively. Find the equation of the regression line of Y on X. [6 marks]
10. In order to investigate whether the level of education and the opinion on a social issue
are independent, 1300 adults are interviewed. The following table shows the results of the
interviews.
Opinion on the social issue

Level of education Total
Agree Disagree
University 450 18 468
College 547 30 577
High school 230 25 255
Total 1227 73 1300
Determine, at the 1% significance level, whether the level of education and the opinion on
the social issue are independent. [9 marks]
11. A petroleum company claims that its petrol has a RON rating of at least 97. From a random
sample of 15 petrol stations selling the petrol, the mean RON rating is found to be 96.30.
Assuming that the RON rating of the petrol of the petroleum company has a normal dis-
tribution with standard deviation 3.21,
(a) test the claim of the petroleum company at the 2.5% significance level, [6 marks]
(b) determine the smallest sample size required so that the null hypothesis in the test of
the petroleum company’s claim is rejected at the 5% significance level. [6 marks]
30
12. In a survey on the quality of service provided by a bank, 12 out of 150 customers think that
the service is unsatisfactory while the other 138 customers think otherwise.
Test the hypothesis that the proportion of customers who think that the service is unsatis-
factory is 0.10
(a) by using a 99% confidence interval, [7 marks]

(b) by carrying out a significance test at the 1% significance level. [6 marks]
Comment on methods (a) and (b) used in the test of the hypothesis. [2 marks]
31
STPM 2005
1. What is a graph and what does the degree of a vertex of a graph mean? [3 marks]
2. Show that (x, 12) = 1 and (x, 15) = 1 if and only if (x, 30) = 1, where (a, b) denotes the
greatest common divisor of a and b. Hence, find all integers x such that (x, 12) = 1 and
(x, 15) = 1. [6 marks]
3. Four schools P , Q, R and S each has team A and team B in a tournament. The teams from
the same school do not play against each other. At a certain stage of the tournament, the
numbers of games played by the teams, except team A of school P , are distinct. Determine
the number of games played by team B of school P . [7 marks]
4. Using the definition of congruence, prove that if x, r and q are integers and x ≡ r(mod q),
then xn ≡ rn (mod q) where n is a positive integer. [4 marks]
Hence, show that 19n + 39n ≡ 2(mod 8) for every integer n ≥ 1. [6 marks]
5. T : R2 → R2 is a linear transformation such that

1 3 2 6
T: → , and T : → .
1 4 1 4

1 1 2 1 3
(a) By expressing as a linear combination of and , show that T = .
0 1 1 0 0

0
Find also T . Hence, write down the matrix representing T. [6 marks]
1
(b) Find the image of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 under T. [4 marks]
6. The line l has equation r = 2i + j + λ(2i + k) and the plane π has equation r = i + 3j − k +
µ(2i + k) + v(−i + 4j).
(a) The points P and Q lie on l and π respectively. The point R lies on the line P Q, where
P R = 2RQ. If P and Q move on l and π respectively, find the equation of the locus
of R. [6 marks]
(b) The points L and M have coordinates (0, 1, −1) and (1, −5, −2) respectively. Show
that L lies on l and M lies on π. [3 marks]
Determine the sine of the acute angle between the line LM and the plane π and the shortest
distance from L to π. [6 marks]
7. In a study on the petrol consumption of cars, it is found that the mean mileage per litre of
petrol for 24 cars of the same engine capacity is 15.2 km with a standard deviation of 4.2
km. Calculate the standard error of the mean mileage and interpret this standard error.
[3 marks]
8. The mass of a particular type of steel sheet produced by a factory has a normal distribution.
The mean mass of a random sample of 14 sheets is 72.5 kg and the standard deviation is
32
3.2 kg. Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the mean mass of the steel sheets produced
by the factory. [4 marks]
9. Explain what is meant by significance level in the context of hypothesis testing. [2 marks]
In a goodness-of-fit test for the null hypothesis that the binomial distribution is an adequate
model for the data, the test statistic is found to have the value 19.38 with 7 degrees of
freedom. Find the smallest significance level at which the null hypothesis is rejected.[2 marks]
10. The lifespan of a type of bulb is known to be normally distributed with standard deviation
150 hours. The supplier of the bulbs claims that the mean lifespan is more than 5500 hours.
The lifespans, in hours, of a random sample of 15 bulbs are as follows.
5260 5400 5820 5530 5380 5460 5510 5520

5600 5780 5520 5500 5360 5620 5430
(a) State the appropriate hypotheses to test the supplier’s claim and carry out the hypoth-
esis test at the 5% significance level. [8 marks]
(b) If the true mean lifespan is 5550 hours, find the probability that the test gives a correct
decision. [4 marks]
11. The following table shows the frequency distribution of passengers (excluding the driver) per
in a town for a particular period. The data could be a sample from a Poisson distribution.
Number of passengers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency 241 211 104 35 7 0 2
(a) Find all the expected frequencies for the distribution correct to two decimal places.
[3 marks]
2
(b) Calculate the values of the χ goodness-of-fit statistic
i. without combining any frequency classes,
ii. with the last three frequency classes being combined.
Comment on the values obtained and explain any differences. [6 marks]
(c) Using the value of the statistic in (b)(ii), test for goodness of fit at the 5% significance
level. [3 marks]
12. The following table shows the values of the variable y corresponding to seven accurately
specified values of the variable x.
y 800 920 1280 1500 4020 6200 6800

x 2 3 5 5 8 10 12
(a) Plot a scatter diagram of loge y against loge x. [3 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the least squares regression line of the form loge y = β0 + β1 loge x,
with β0 and β1 correct to two decimal places. [5 marks]
(c) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient r between loge y and loge x. Interpret your
value of r and comment on this value with respect to the scatter diagram in (a).[6 marks]
33
STPM 2006
1. The points A, B and C are three collinear points on a cartesian plane and T(A) = A1 ,
T(B) = B1 and T(C) = C1 , where T : R2 → R2 is a linear transformation. If AB : BC =
m : n, find A1 B1 : B1 C1 . [3 marks]
2. Using congruence properties, prove that 2mn − 1 is divisible by 2m − 1 for all integers m,
n ≥ l. [3 marks]
Deduce that, if 2p − 1 is a prime number, then p is a prime number. [3 marks]
3. The matrix M represents an anticlockwise

rotation in the xy-plane about the origin through
cos θ 2 cos θ − sin θ
an angle θ. The matrix N = represents the combined effect of the
sin θ 2 sin θ + cos θ
transformation represented by a matrix K followed by the transformation represented by
M. Find K and describe the transformation represented by K. [7 marks]
4. Graphs G1 , G2 and G3 are given as follows.
(a) Draw an eulerian circuit for the graph which is eulerian. [3 marks]
(b) Draw a hamiltonian cycle for each of the graphs which is hamiltonian. [3 marks]
(c) For the graph which is not hamiltonian, determine how it could be made into a hamil-
tonian 10graph by adding an edge. [1 marks]
(d) For each of the graphs which is not eulerian, determine how it could be made into an
eulerian graph by deleting or adding an edge. [2 marks]
5. Using Euclid’s algorithm, find g.c.d.(6893, 11 639). [3 marks]

If n is an integer between 20 O0O and 700 000 such that the remainder is 6893 when n is
divided by 11 639, find g.c.d.(6893, n). [7 marks]
6. The planes π1 and π2 with equations x − y + 2z = 1 and 2x + y − z = 0 respectively intersect

in the line l. The point A has coordinates (1,0, 1).
(a) Calculate the acute angle between π1 and π2 . [2 marks]

   
1 2
(b) Explain why the vector −1 ×  1  is in the direction of l. Hence, show that the
2 −1
equation of l is    
0 −1
r = 1 + t  5  .
1 3
34
where t is a parameter. [5 marks]

(c) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and containing l. [3 marks]
(d) Find the equation of the plane passing through A and perpendicular to l. [2 marks]
(e) Determine the distance from A to l. [3 marks]
7. The length of a species of fish is normally distributed with mean µ and standard deviation
10 cm. If the sample mean of 50 fish is greater than 35 cm, the null hypothesis µ = 32.5
cm is rejected in favour of the alternative hypothesis µ > 32.5 cm. Find the probability of
making a type I error. Find also the probability of making a type II error when µ = 34 cm.
[5 marks]
8. A property agent believes that the price of a house in a certain district depends principally
on its built-up area. The prices (p thousand ringgit) of eight houses in different parts of the
district and their built-up areas (a square metres) are summarised as follows:
X X X X X
a = 2855, p = 1689, ap = 827550, a2 = 1400925, p2 = 489181.
(a) Find the equation of the regression line in the form p = β0 + β1 a, with p as the
dependent variable and a the independent variable. [5 marks]
(b) Give a reason why it is not suitable to use your regression equation to make predictions
when a = 0. [1 marks]
9. The average duration of an electronic device to retain information after the power is switched
off is normally distributed with a mean of µ0 and an unknown variance.
It is of interest to determine whether there is an improvement in the performance of this
device when a component is added. A random sample of n such duration yields mean x̄ and
variance s2 .
(a) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses. Explain briefly your choice of
the alternative hypothesis. [2 marks]
(b) Write down the test statistic and the critical region at the 5% significant level for each
of the following cases.
i. n = 100
ii. n = 16
[5 marks]
10. A survey is to be carried out to estimate the proportion p of households having personal
computers. This estimate must be within 0.02 of the population proportion at a confidence
level of 95%.
(a) If p is estimated to be 0.12, find the smallest sample size required. [4 marks]
(b) If the value of p is unknown, determine whether a sample size of 2500 is sufficient.
[4 marks]
11. The following table shows the annual salary and experience of nine randomly selected engi-
neers.
35
Salary (thousand of riggit) 88 48 60 70 62 78 100 52 110

Experience (year) 12 4 6 7 5 10 18 5 19
(a) Plot a scatter diagram. What do you expect of the relationship between the salary
and experience based on the scatter diagram? [4 marks]
(b) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the salary and experience. Ex-
plain whether the value of the correlation coefficient is consistent with what you expect
in part (a). [7 marks]
12. What is meant by a contingency table? [1 marks]

A survey is carried out on a random sample of 820 persons who are asked whether students
who break school rules should be caned. The results of the survey are as follows.
hhh
hh hhh Education level
hhhh Yes No Not sure
Opinion hhh
hh
High school 125 65 100
College 98 68 64
University 100 80 120
Carry out chi-squared tests to determine whether educational level is related to the opinion
on caning at the significance levels of 1% and 2%. [10 marks]
Comment on the conclusions of these tests. [2 marks]
36
STPM 2007
1. Two graphs G1 and G2 are shown below.
(a) State, with reasons, which is an eulerian graph and which is not. [3 marks]
(b) Find an eulerian circuit for the eulerian graph. [2 marks]
2. If a simple graph has n vertices where n ≥ 2, show that at least two vertices are of the same
degree. [4 marks]
Give a counter example to show that the result is not true for a graph which is not a simple
graph. [2 marks]
3. The line which passes through the points A(−6, −1, −7) and B(6, 3, 1) cuts the plane 3x −
y + 2z = 5 at the point P . Show that the points A and B are on the opposite sides of the
plane, and find the ratio AP : BP . [6 marks]
4. (a) Find all integers x that satisfy the congruence
2x ≡ 0 (mod 6).
[3 marks]
(b) Find all integers x and y that satisfy the pair of congruences
2x + y ≡ 1 (mod 6),
x + 3y ≡ 3 (mod 6).
[6 marks]

x
5. A linear transformation f : R2 → R2 is defined by f(u) = v, where u = and v =
y

x+y
.
x−y
(a) If f(u) = Au, where A is a 2 × 2 matrix, find A. [2 marks]

2 2
(b) If f (u) = Bu, where f (u) = (f ◦ f)(u) and B is a 2 × 2 matrix, find B and verify that
B = A2 . [3 marks]
(c) By using mathematical induction, show that fn (u) = An u, where fn (u) = (f ◦ fn−1 )(u),
for all integers n > 1. [4 marks]
37
(d) The points P 0 , Q0 and R0 are the images of the vertices P , Q and R respectively of a
triangle under the transformation fn . If the area of the triangle P QR is 8 units2 , find
the area of the triangle P 0 Q0 R0 . [3 marks]
6. Two straight lines l1 and l2 have equations −2x+4 = 2y −4 = z −4 and 2x = y +1 = −z +3

respectively. Determine whether l1 and l2 intersect. [7 marks]
The points P and Q lie on l1 and l2 respectively, and the point R divides P Q in the ratio
2:3. Find the equation of the locus of R. [6 marks]
7. (a) Explain briefly why it is advisable to plot a scatter diagram before interpreting a
Pearson correlation coefficient for a sample of bivariate distribution. [2 marks]
(b) Sketch a scatter diagram with five data-points for each of the following cases.
i. The Pearson correlation coefficient of two variables is close to 0 but there is an
obvious relation between them. [1 marks]
ii. The Pearson correlation coefficient of two variables is close to 1 but there is no
linear relation between them. [1 marks]
8. The lengths of petals taken from a particular species of flowers have mean 80 cm and variance
30 cm2 . Determine the sampling distribution of the sample mean if 100 petals are chosen
at random. [3 marks]
Hence, find the probability that the sample mean is at least two standard deviations from
the mean. [3 marks]
9. It is found that 5% of doctors in a particular country play golf. Find, to three decimal
places, the probability that, in a random sample of 50 doctors, two play golf. [2 marks]
Hence, state the sampling distribution of the proportion of the doctors who play golf, and
construct a 98% confidence interval for the proportion. [5 marks]
10. A farmer wishes to find out the effect of a new feed on his calves. The average weight gain
of a calf on the original feed in a month is normally distributed with mean 10 kg. In a
particular month, the farmer gives the new feed to 16 calves. It is found that the average
weight gain of a calf on the new feed is 11.5 kg with a standard deviation of 2.5 kg.
(a) State appropriate hypotheses for a significant test. [2 marks]

(b) Carry out the test at the 5% significance level. [7 marks]
11. In a psychological study, 50 persons are asked to answer four multiple-choice questions. The
answers obtained are compared with the predetermined answers. The data is recorded as a
frequency distribution as follows:
Number of matched answers 0 1 2 3 4

Frequency 10 15 8 5 12
A psychologist suggests that the data fits the following probability distribution.
Number of matched answers 0 1 2 3 4

Frequency 0.08 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.42
38
(a) Calculate the expected frequencies based on the probability distribution. [2 marks]
(b) Determine whether there is significant evidence, at the 5% significant level, to reject
the suggestion. [8 marks]
12. A study is carried out to determine the effect of exercise frequency on lung capacity. The
exercise frequency in weeks is denoted by X and the percentage increase in lung capacity
by Y . The data obtained from 10 volunteers are summarised as follows:
X X X X X
x = 319, x2 = 11053, y = 530, y 2 = 30600, xy = 18055.
(a) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient and describe the relationship between X
and Y . [5 marks]
(b) Calculate the coefficient of determination and interpret its value. [2 marks]
(c) Find the equation of the regression line in the form y = a + bx, where a and b are
correct to two decimal places. [4 marks]
(d) Predict the mean value of the percentage increase in lung capacity if the exercise
frequency is 25 weeks. State your assumption in obtaining the predicted value.[2 marks]
39
STPM 2008
1. If n is an odd integer, prove that x2 − y 2 = 2n has no solution in the set of integers.[4 marks]
2. The adjacency matrix of a graph G is

 
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
 
0 1 0 1 1
 .
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
(a) Draw the graph G. [2 marks]

(b) Distinguish the vertices of the graph G using minimum number ofc olours such that
vertices of the same colour are not adjacent. [2 marks]
(c) State the type of the graph G. [1 marks]
3. Find the equation of the plane which is parallel to the plane 3x + +2y − 6z − 24 = 0 and
passes through the point (1, 0, 0). Hence, determine the distance between these two planes.
[6 marks]
4. A graph is given as follows:
a b
(a) Find the total number of paths with the end vertices a and b. [3 marks]
(b) Write down the degree sequence of the graph, (d1 , d2 , . . . , d9 ), in ascending order.
[2 marks]
9
X di
(c) Show that the total number of paths consisting of three vertices is and de-
2
i=2
termine its value. [4 marks]
   
0 1
5. The points A and B lie on the line r = 3 + λ −1, and the distance of each point is
6 −4
three units from the origin O.
(a) Determine the coordinates of A and B. [6 marks]

(b) Find the area of the triangle OAB. [3 marks]
40

2 2 0 2 1 3 1
6. A linear transformation T : R → R maps into , into and into
−1 2 1 6 0

3
.
5
(a) Find the matrices A and C such that

x x
T =A + C.
y y
[6 marks]
(b) The transformation T is equivalent to a transformation U followed by a transformation
V. Determine the images of the points P1 (0, 0), P2 (0, 2), P3 (1, 2) and P4 (1, 0) under T,
and hence describe U and V. [6 marks]
(c) Determine the image of the straight line y = 2x under T. [3 marks]
7. A set of sample data for two random variables X and Y gives the results
X X X
(x − x̄)2 = 72, (y − ȳ)2 = 57, (x − barx)(x − bary) = −36.
(a) Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient r between X and Y , and interpret the
value of r obtained. [3 marks]
(b) What is the value of r if each value of x is increased by 0.3 whereas the value of y
remain unchanged? Give a reason. [2 marks]
8. A machine is regulated to dispense a chocolate drink into cups. From a random sample of
100 cups of the chocolate drink dispensed, it is found that the cocoa content in one cup of
the chocolate drink has mean 5 g and standard deviation 0.5 g. The owner of the machine
uses the confidence interval (4.900 g, 5.100 g) to estimate the mean cocoa content in one
cup of the chocolate drink.
(a) Identify the population parameter under study. [1 marks]

(b) Determine the confidence level for the confidence interval used. [5 marks]
9. The masses of watermelon produced by a farmer are normally distributed with mean 3 kg.
The farmer decides to use a new organic fertiliser for his crop if the mean mass of a random
sample of 10 watermelons using the new organic fertiliser exceeds k kg. For this random
sample of 10 watermelons, the standard deviation is 0.65 kg. The farmer uses a probability
of Type I error equal to 0.01 in making his decision.
(a) State what is meant by a Type I error. [1 marks]

(b) Determine the value of k. [5 marks]
10. For a set of data, the least-squares regression line of y on x is
y = 100.15 + 0.25x.
(a) Explain the method used to estimate the coefficient of x and the constant in the
equation of the regression line. State an appropriate assumption. [4 marks]
41
(b) What is the percentage error in the estimation of value of y when x = 2500 using the
regression line, given that the actual value of y is 850? [4 marks]
11. Two hundred patients with a certain skin disorder are treated for five days either with cream
A or cream B. The following table shows the number of patients recorded as no recovery,
partial recovery or complete recovery.
Number of patients
Type of cream
No recovery Partial recovery Complete recovery
A 25 30 45
B 10 25 65
(a) Calculate the percentage of patients with improvement for each type of cream used
and comment on your answers. [2 marks]
(b) Determine, at the 5% significance level, whether the condition of a patient is indepen-
dent of the type of cream used. [9 marks]
(c) What conclusion can be made based on the results in (a) and (b)? [1 marks]
12. A manufacturer produces a new type of paint. He claims that the paint has lead content by
weight. A random sample of 25 tins (1 kg per tin) of the paint is analysed to determine the
lead content. Sample mean and standard deviation of the lead content in a kilogramme of
paint are 0.38 g and 0.1 g respectively.
(a) Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean lead content in a kilogramme of
paint. State your assumption. [5 marks]
(b) What is the effect on the confidence interval obtained in (a) if the sample size is
increased to 100? [2 marks]
(c) Carry out a test, at the 1% significance level, to test the manufacturers claim.[6 marks]
(d) Relate the confidence interval obtained in (a) with the result of the test in (c).[2 marks]
42
STPM 2009
1. Let Krs be a complete bipartite graph, where r ≤ s. Each of the r vertices in a partite set
is connected to each of the s vertices in another partite set. If Krs has 36 edges and 15
vertices. find r and s. [4 marks]

2 2 a b
2. T : R → R is a linear transformation represented by a matrix . If the images
−3 a
of the points (a, −1) and (−2, a) are (a + 2, 2b) and (2b, 7) respectively under T, find the
values of a and b. [6 marks]
3. For any integers a and b, prove that if a divides b then a3 divides b3 . [3 marks]
2 2 3
Hence, determine whether 64 divides [(5n + 1) − (3n + 5) ] , where n is an integer.[4 marks]
4. (a) Define a walk of a graph. [2 marks]

(b) Graph G is given as follows:
V5 V4
V1 V2 V3
i. Find all walks of length two from vertex V2 to vertex Vi where i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and
represent them by a row matrix. [2 marks]
ii. Find all walks of length two from vertex Vr . where r = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, to vertex V4 ,
and represent them by a column matrix. [1 marks]
iii. Find the total number of possible walks of length four from vertex V2 to vertex V4 .
[3 marks]
5. (a) If g.c.d.(a, m)=1, show that there exists a solution for ax ≡ b (mod m). [3 marks]
(b) Deduce that, if g.c.d.(ad − bc, n)=1, then a solution exists for the system of linear
congruences
ax + by ≡ k (mod n),
cx + dy ≡ l (mod n).
Hence, solve the system of linear congruences
7x + 3y ≡ 10 (mod 16),
2x + 5y ≡ 9 (mod 16).
[7 marks]
6. (a) Find the equation of line l1 , passing through points A and B. where the position
vectors of points A and B are a and b respectively. [1 marks]
(b) R is a point on the line l1 in (a). If point C has position vector c,
−→
i. find CR in terms of vectors a, b and c. [1 marks]
43
−−→
ii. prove that → CR × AB = a × b + b × c + c × a, [3 marks]
iii. deduce the shortest distance of the point C from the line l1 . [3 marks]
(c) i. Find the distance of point T (1+3k, −2+k, 5−2k) to line l2 passing through points
P (4, 4, 4) and Q(3, 2, 1) in terms of k. [3 marks]
ii. Deduce the distance between skew lines l2 and l3 , where the equation of line l3 , is
given by    
1 3
t = −2 + k  1  .
5 −2
[4 marks]
7. A local automobile manufacturing company studies the relationship between the age (x
years) and the price (y thousand RM) of one of its car models. The data obtained from a
random sample often cars of this model are as follows:
(1, 70), (2, 65), (3, 60), (4, 55), (5, 50), (6, 45), (7, 40), (8, 35), (9, 30) and (10, 20)
Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient between the age and the price of this car model,
and interpret the value obtained. [5 marks]
8. A medical researcher wishes to study whether the severity of a certain lung ailment is related
to the smoking habit of a patient. A patient who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day on
the average is classified as a heavy smoker. A random sample of 96 patients was taken. It is
found that from 43 patients with mild lung ailment, 23 are light smokers while the rest are
heavy smokers. The remaining 53 patients with severe lung ailment, 39 patients are heavy
smokers.
(a) Tabulate the data in an appropriate contingency table. [1 marks]

(b) Determine, at 5% significance level, whether the severity of the lung ailment and the
smoking habit are independent. [5 marks]
9. Tte monthly salary of engineers working in a town has a normal distribution. The mean
monthly salary of a random sample of 16 engineers is RM5280 and the standard deviation
is RM480.
(a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean monthly salary of an engineer in the
town. Interpret your answer. [4 marks]
(b) A statistician finds that the confidence interval obtained in (a) is too wide. Suggest,
with reasons a method for reducing the width of the confidence interval but maintaining
the confidence level. [3 marks]
10. An electronic component produced by a factory is found to have at most five defects. A
supervisor at the factory conducts a study on the number of defects found in the elec-
tronic components. One thousand electronic components have been selected at random and
inspected. The number of defects found and their respective frequency arc given as follows:
Number of defects 0 1 2 3 4 5
Frequency 33 145 337 286 174 25
44
(a) Test, at 5% and 20% significance levels, whether the binomial distribution with prob-
ability of defect p = 0.5 fits the data. [7 marks]
(b) Recommend, with a reason, an appropriate conclusion for part (a). [2 marks]
11. The lifespan (in kilometres) of a tyre is defined as the distance travelled before wearing out.
A tyre manufacturer claims that the mean lifespan µ of its tyre is at least 50 000 km. In
order to test this claim, a consumer association takes a random sample of 121 tyres. The
mean and standard deviation of the lifespan for the sample are 49 200 km and 2500 km
respectively.
(a) Determine the distribution of the sample mean lifespan of the tyres if the lifespan of
the tyres is assumed to have
i. a normal distribution, [1 marks]
ii. an unknown distribution. [1 marks]
(b) Assuming that the lifespan of the tyres has a normal distribution, state the appropriate
hypotheses to test the manufacturer’s claim, and carry out the hypothesis test at the
1% significance level. [5 marks]
(c) If the true mean lifespan of a tyre is 49 400 km. determine the probability of type II
error in (b). [3 marks]
12. A study on the relationship between amount of time spent on revision X (in hours) and
performance in a final examination Y (scores of 0 to 100) for 10 female undergraduates are
summarised as follows:
X X X X X
s = 725, x2 = 54625, y = 696, y 2 = 49376, xy = 51705
(a) Find the equation of the regression line in the form y = β0 + β1 x, where y is the
dependent variable and x the independent variable. Interpret the value of β1 obtained.
[7 marks]
(b) Using the regression line obtained, predict the mean value of y when x = 70, and state
your assumption. [2 marks]
(c) Find the coefficient of determination D between the amount of time spent on revision
and the performance in a final examination of the undergraduates. Hence, interpret
the value of D. [4 marks]
45
STPM 2010
1. Show that 9n − 1 is divisible by 8 for every positive integer n. [3 marks]
x y−1 z−3
2. Find the coordinates of the point P on the line = = which is closest to the
5 1 −2
point Q(9, 4, −3). [6 marks]

4 2
3. T : R2 → R2 is a linear transformation such that the matrix which represents T is .
−1 2
Find and describe the image of the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 under the transformation T. [5 marks]
Hence, determine the area of the image. [2 marks]
4. The transformation M is a rotation 45◦ anticlockwise about the origin. The transformation
N is an enlargement with the origin as the centre of enlargement and scale factor k. The
transformation NM maps the points (0, 1) and (3, −1) into the points (−1, 1) and (4, 2)
respectively.
(a) Find the matrix representing the transformation M. [2 marks]

(b) Find the matrix representing the transformation NM. [4 marks]
(c) Determine the value of k. [2 marks]
x+7 y−4 z−5

5. The line l has the equation = = and the plane π has the equation
1 −3 2
4x − 2y − 5z = 8.
(a) Determine whether the line l is parallel to the plane π. [5 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the plane that is perpendicular to the plane π and contains the
points Q(−2, 0, 3) and R(2, 1, 7). [6 marks]
6. The simple graph G with its vertex set V (G) = {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j} is shown below.
(a) State, with a reason, whether G is an Eulerian graph. [2 marks]

(b) Find the largest cycle in G, and determine whether G is a Hamiltonian graph.[4 marks]
(c) The subgraph S of G is obtained by removing the vertex g together with all the edges
adjacent to it.
i. Draw the subgraph S. [2 marks]
46
ii. Determine whether S is a connected graph. [2 marks]

iii. Determine whether S is a bipartite graph. [3 marks]
7. The mean mark of an English test for a random sample of 50 form five students in a particular
state is 47.7. A hypothesis test is to be carried out to determine whether the mean mark
for all the form five students in the state is greater than 45.0. Using a population standard
deviation of 13 marks, carry out the hypothesis test at the 10% significance level. [6 marks]
8. The relationships between two variables x and y are shown in the graphs below.
Suggest a value for Pearson correlation coefficient r if the outlier is not taken into account,
and comment on the effect of the outlier on the value of r in each of the above graphs.
[6 marks]
9. A doctor claims that doctors in government hospitals work at least 12 extra hours in a
week. A random sample of 25 doctors is taken and it is found that the mean and standard
deviation are 10.9 hours and 2.3 hours respectively.
State the appropriate hypotheses to test the doctor’s claim, and carry out the test at the
5% significance level. [7 marks]
10. A food company carries out a market survey in a state on its new flavoured yoghurt. Three
hundred randomly chosen consumers taste the yoghurt. Their responses are shown in the
table below.
Response Like Dislike Neutral

Number of consumers 195 70 35
(a) Estimate the proportion of consumers in the state who like the yoghurt. Hence, calcu-
late the probability that the proportion of consumers who like the yoghurt is at least
47
0.70. [5 marks]
(b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of consumers in the state who
like the yoghurt. [4 marks]
11. In developing a new drug for an allergy, an experiment is carried out to study how different
dosages of the drug affect the duration of relief from the allergic symptoms. A random
sample of eight patients is taken and each patient is given a specified dosage of the drug.
The duration of relief for the patients is shown in the table below.
Dosage (mg) Duration of relief (hours)

3 9
4 10
5 12
6 14
6 16
7 18
8 22
9 24
hline
(a) State the independent and dependent variables. [1 marks]

(b) Find the equation of the least-squares regression line in the form y = a + bx, where
x and y are the independent and dependent variables respectively. Write down your
answers correct to two decimal places. [6 marks]
(c) Calculate the coefficient of determination for the regression line, and comment on the
adequacy of the straight line fit. [4 marks]
12. A thread always breaks during the weaving of cloth in a factory. The number of breaks per
thread which occur for 100 threads of equal length are tabulated as follows:
Number of breaks per thread 0 1 2 3 4 5

Number of threads 15 22 31 18 8 6
(a) Calculate the expected number of threads with respect to the number of breaks based
on a Poisson distribution having the same mean as the observed distribution. [6 marks]
(b) Carry out a χ2 test, at the 5% significance level, to determine whether the data fits
the proposed model in (a). [7 marks]
48

STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions

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STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions

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STPM Further Mathematics T Past Year Questions

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3. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = xn+1 + xn with x0 = 0, x1 = 1. [5 marks]

4. Point P is represented by the complex number z = cos θ + i sin θ, where 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π, in

6. The function f is defined by

7. Find the particular solution for the differential equation

8. Using mathematical induction, prove that

Hence, show that, for x ∈ R and |x| < 1,

(1 − h)yn+1 − 2(1 − h2 )yn + (1 + h)yn−1 = 0.

11. Matrix A is given by  

(a) If |2x − 3| > 9, where x is an integer, then |x| > 2. [2 marks]

2. Find the integral Z

Use mathematical induction to prove that

9. If y = (sin−1 x)2 , show that, for −1 < x < 1,

10. Find the general solution of the differential equation

Deduce the roots of the equation

(p ↔ q); [∼ (p∧ ∼ q)] ∧ [∼ (∼ p ∧ q)].

3. Using mathematical induction, prove that

4. Solve the recurrence relation xn+1 = kxn + 4, where x0 = 7, x1 = 25 and k is a constant.

6. Find the exact value of Z 2 p

an = 5n (α cos nθ + iβ sin nθ),

11. The matrix A is given by  

12. Find the general solution of the differential equation

Which of your answers is equivalent to the given implication? [4 marks]

2. The function f is defined by (

(a) If f is continuous, find the value of k. [2 marks]

3. Find the general solution of each of the following recurrence relations.

4. A differential equation has y = e3x and y = xe3x as solutions.

(a) Find the differential equation. [2 marks]

7. If P is the point on an Argand diagram representing the complex number z and |z − 2 +

8. Show that, for |x| > 1,  

9. The matrix A is given by  

10. Find the general solution of the differential equation

12. Prove de Moivre’s theorem for positive integer exponents. [5 marks]

sin 5θ = a sin5 θ + b cos2 sin3 θ + c cos4 θ sin θ

4. Consider the system of equations

for the two cases: p = 2, q = 1 and p = 1, q = 2.

5. Find the domain and the range of the function f defined by

7. If y = ex cos x, prove by mathematical induction that

an = an−1 + an−2 , n > 2.

(a) find x and y, [3 marks]

3. Using the substitution x = e2 , show that the differential equation

4. The matrices A and B are given by

6. A sequence a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . is defined by a0 = 1 and ar+1 = 2ar + b for r ≥ 0, where b ∈ R.

7. Solve the recurrence relation

ar − ar−1 − ar−2 = (−2)r ,

where a0 = 0 and a1 = 2. [8 marks]

8. Consider the system of equations

9. Solve the differential equation

10. Find the constants A, B, C and D such that

e2x + e−2x − 2ex − 2e−x − 1 = A cosh2 x + B cosh x + C sinh2 x + D sinh x.

e2x + e−2x − 2ex − 2e−x − 1 = 0.

11. Show that the Maclaurin series for (1 + x)r is

6. Sketch, on an Argand diagram, the region in which 1 ≤ |z + 2 − 2i| ≤ 3, where z is a complex

(a) Express vn+1 in terms of vn , [3 marks]

10. Find the solution of the differential equation

(a) Show that

12. Find the eigenvalues of the matrix A given by

and an eigenvector corresponding to each eigenvalue. [8 marks]

2. The real matrix A is given  

3. Solve the recurrence relation un+1 = 3un + 1, where n ≥ 1 and u1 = 3. [5 marks]

8. Show that, for |x| > 1,