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dq = 0.
dE = −dW = − pdv
C v dT = − pdv
dv
C v dT = − RT
v
dT R dv
=−
T Cv v
Cp Cv + R
From =k=
Cv Cv
R
= 1+
Cv
or
R
= k −1
Cv
Substituting for
R
Cv
we obtain
dT dv
= −(k − 1) ln
T v
This equation can be integrated when k is assumed constant. For an ideal gas, this is
equivalent to the assumption that the heat capacities are themselves constant. This is the only
way that the ratio k and the difference Cp – Cv = R can both be constant.
Integration gives
Adiabatic Process.doc/221-JSG/05.10.2005/mw
T2 v
ln = −(k − 1) ln 2
T1 v1
or
k −1
T2 ⎛ v1 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
T1 ⎜⎝ v 2 ⎟⎠
pv = RT
p1v1 = RT1
p 2 v 2 = RT2
p1v1 p 2 v 2
=
T1 T2
v1 p T
= 2 1
v2 p1 T2
k −1
T2 p 2 v 2 ⎛ v1 ⎞
= =⎜ ⎟
T1 p1 v1 ⎜⎝ v 2 ⎟⎠
k −1
T2 ⎛ p 2 ⎞ k
=⎜ ⎟
T1 ⎜⎝ p1 ⎟⎠
From
k −1
T2 ⎛ v1 ⎞
=⎜ ⎟
T1 ⎜⎝ v 2 ⎟⎠
and
k −1
T2 ⎛ p 2 ⎞ k
=⎜ ⎟
T1 ⎜⎝ p1 ⎟⎠
we obtain
k −1
k −1
⎛ v1 ⎞ ⎛p ⎞ k
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ v2 ⎠ ⎝ p1 ⎠
or
Adiabatic Process.doc/221-JSG/05.10.2005/mw
p1 v1k = p 2 v 2k = pv k = constant
Adiabatic Compression
2
W = ∫ vdp
1
1/ k
⎛b⎞
v = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ p⎠
2
W = ∫ b1 / k p −1 / k dp
1
P2
k ⎡ k ⎤
k −1
W =b 1/ k
⎢ p ⎥
k −1 ⎣ ⎦P 1
p1v1k = b
and
(p v )k 1/ k
1 1 = b1 / k
We select to eliminate v2
k ⎡ k ⎤
k −1 k −1
W = p1v1k ( ) 1/ k
⎢ 2
k −1 ⎣
p − p1
k
⎥
⎦
⎡ k −1
⎤
⎛ kk−1 ⎞ k ⎢⎛ p 2 ⎞ k
= (p v )
k 1/ k
1 1
⎜ p1 ⎟
⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎟ k − 1 ⎢⎜ p ⎟ − 1⎥
⎥
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 1⎠
⎣⎢ ⎥⎦
1 1 k
+1−
p1k k
v1k = p1v1
Adiabatic Process.doc/221-JSG/05.10.2005/mw
⎡ k −1
⎤
k ⎢⎛ p 2 ⎞ k
⇒ W = p1v1 ⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥
k − 1 ⎢⎜⎝ p1 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
OK for k ≠ 1
[ ]
2
W = ∫ vdp, v m 3 / mol
1
⎡ k −1
⎤
k ⎢⎛ p 2 ⎞ k
W [J / mol ] = p1v1 ⎜ ⎟ − 1⎥
k − 1 ⎢⎜⎝ p1 ⎟⎠ ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎥⎦
1 ⎡ J kg mol ⎤
W ×m× = [J / s ] = [W ]
M ⎢⎣ mol s kg ⎥⎦
V
pV = znRT , p = zRT
n
pv = zRT
Adiabatic Process.doc/221-JSG/05.10.2005/mw