Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Name:
Course, Year and Section: HUB22/HUB21/HUB23
The following discussions and notes are based on Ms. Maureen Requiestas’ lectures and
notes:
Prose- a literary work that uses sentences and paragraphs to convey ideas, feelings, and
actions.
Poetry- refers to writings in verse with rhythm and rhyme. Characterized to have a
melodious tone.
Short Story- artistic form of prose fiction which focuses on a single main incident,
involving one or more characters, and is intended to produce a single dominant
impression. Read in one sitting only
Types of Poetry
Types of Poetry
Dramatic Poetry
Lyric Poetry
Narrative Poetry -meant to be
-expresses the
-tells a story performed on stage
feelings of writer
Narrative Poetry
Epic Ballad
-narrative of a heroic -shortest & simplest
adventures narrative poem
Lyric
Poetry
Ode
-most
majestic
Folk Sonnet type of
-lyric poem Psalm Song Corrido
songs of 14 iambic
lyric Elegy -has a -has a
-song
-short pentameter poetry, -poem measure of measure of
praising
poems line with exalted in expressing 12 syllables 8 syllables
formal God or the or or
intended tone and lamentatio
rhyme or Virgin dodesyllabi octosyllabic
to be sung expresses n
scheme Mary c lines lines
pattern lofty
praise for
some
person
Dramatic Poetry
Tragedy
Comedy
-involves main Melodrama
-komos-revelry Farce or Sainete
character -also called soap
-usually light and -exaggerated
struggling with opera. Highly
written to amuse comedy
some dynamic emotive stories
and entertain
forces
Biographical Fiction
Historical Fiction
Realistic Fiction -tells a story about a Fanciful Fiction
-uses a real setting
-uses elements that person who actually -is a combination of
usually in the past
are related to life-like lived but the real and imaginary
but the characters are
situations experiences told may events
imaginary
not be factual.
MAIN ELEMENTS
OF FICTION
PLOT
SETTING
-framework of fiction THEME
CHARACTERS -time, place, and
EXPOSITION -underlying main
-are persons whom general environment
CONFLICT idea of a literary
the story is told in which a fiction
CLIMAX work
occurs.
DENOUEMENT
Plot development
Plot-framework of a fiction. Consists of causally related events.
Aspects of a Plot
1. Peripeteia- an attempt to do something but actually accomplishes the opposite
2. Anagnorisis- change from ignorance to knowledge. Form of a discovery
3. Catastrophe- means death, mutilation etc.
4. Juxtapose- things will always turn out the way that they must be
Aristotle- according to him, the best form of plot is a combination of peripeteia and
anagnorisis.
Frye- according to him, there are four basic plots. These are:
1. Romance
2. Tragic
3. Comic
4. Ironic and Satiric
Satire- ridicules peoples, ideas, customs, and their institutions. This is done in order to
bring reform or change. Exaggeration and irony are two frequent satirical devices.
Characters
Foil- minor character in the plot that is created to emphasize the protagonist’s
character.
Setting- refers to the time, place, and general environment in which a piece occurs.
Details of the setting may either be suggested or stated.
ROLES of a SETTING
1. serve as a background or physical context for the action
2. It can be used to reveal character and shape events
3. It may also help create the atmosphere from which the story revolves.
According to Arp and Perrine (1993), there are certain principles to follow in
determining the theme of a literary text:
1. Theme should be expressible in the form of a statement with a subject and a
predicate
2. theme should be stated as a generalization about life
3. Terms like all every, always, should be used cautiously.
4. We should avoid old clichés.
Point of View- is the angle of vision from where the story is told. Four basic point of
views as follows:
1. Omniscient- author tells the story using the third person pronoun. Knowing all
and is free to tell the readers everything about it.
2. Limited omniscient point of view- the author tells the story using the third person
pronoun but is limited to a complete knowledge of one character only.
3. First person point of view- the story is told by one of its characters, using the first
person pronoun.
4. Objective or Dramatic Point of View- the author tells the story using the third
person pronoun but is limited in reporting what the characters say or do.
Types of Imagery
1. Visual
2. Auditory
3. olfactory
4. gustatory
5. tactile
6. organic
7. kinetic
Narrative Devices
1. Straight Narration
2. Dramatic Presentation
3. Foreshadowing
4. Flashbacks
5. Frame Story Device
6. Stream and Consciousness
STORY ANALYSIS
Damdamin
-Ricardo de Leon
Macdo
-Merlinda Bobis
Ugat sa Dugo
-Dr. Joey Arrogante
PLOT ANALYSIS
Internal
Conflict
(Sidra versus
herself)
POETRY
May be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more than does ordinary
language. Poetry takes all life as its province. Poetry as a whole is concerned with all
kinds of experience, beautiful, ugly, actual or imaginary. Poetry is a kind of
multidimensional language. Ordinary language, one which we use to communicate
information is one dimensional.
It has four dimensions
1. Intellectual
2. Sensuous
3. Emotional
4. Imaginative
The word poem came from the Latin word poema meaning something that is created and
composed.
Figurative Language
1. Simile
2. Metaphor
3. Personification
4. Apostrophe
5. Hyperbole
6. Metonymy
7. Synecdoche
8. Antithesis
9. Alliteration
Poems
Identify the Figures of Speech used in the poems studied. Answer the Guide Questions as
well.
nawi-wish ko rin
ng nagdaang panganganak.
sabi niya,
ako’y malaki na
ang buhay ko’y akin, ako’ng magpapasiya.
Nagsikap mangibang-lupa.
At naninigarilyo,
Itinakda ng kabahaging
Ng bahay at paaralan,
Ng kusina’t higaan.
Nagsikap mangibang-lupa.