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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 1 Functions
Paper 1 4. (a) gf : x → x2 + 6x + 2
gf (x) = x2 + 6x + 2
1. The relation in the given graph can be represented g(x + 4) = x2 + 6x + 2
using the following arrow diagram.
Let x + 4 = u
A B
x=u–4
1 10
2 20 g(u) = (u – 4)2 + 6(u – 4) + 2
3 30 = u2 – 8u + 16 + 6u – 24 + 2
4 40 = u2 – 2u – 6
∴ g(x) = x2 – 2x – 6
1
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SPM Zoom-In
Form 4: Chapter 2 Quadratic Equations
Paper 1 4. x2 + 2x – 1 + k(2x + k) = 0
x2 + 2x – 1 + 2kx + k2= 0
1. 12x2 – 5x(2x – 1) = 2(3x + 2) x2 + 2x + 2kx + k2 – 1= 0
12x2 – 10x2 + 5x = 6x + 4 x2 + (2 + 2k)x + k2 – 1 = 0
12x – 10x2 + 5x – 6x – 4 = 0
2
2x2 – x – 4 = 0 a = 1, b = 2 + 2k, c = k2 – 1
–b b2 – 4ac If a quadratic equation has two real and distinct
x=
2a roots, then b2 – 4ac > 0.
–(–1) (–1)2 – 4(2)(–4) b2 – 4ac > 0
x=
2(2) (2 + 2k) – 4(1)(k2 – 1) > 0
2
3 5
2. Sum of roots = – 2 + – 3 = – 19
15
5. 3(x2 + 4) = 2mx
3x2 + 12 = 2mx
Product of roots = – 2 – 3 = 2
2
3x – 2mx + 12 = 0
3 5 5
a = 3, b = –2m, c = 12
The required quadratic equation is
x2 + 19 x + 2 = 0 If a quadratic equation has equal roots, then
15 5 b2 – 4ac = 0.
b2 – 4ac <0
2
2 – 4(3)(4p) <0
4 – 48p <0
–48p < –4
p > –4
–48
p> 1
12
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6. x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 7. x2 – (k + 2)x + 2k = 0
a = 1, b = 2, c = –8 a = 1, b = –(k + 2), c = 2k
The roots are p and q. If one of the roots is α, then the other root is 2α.
Sum of roots = – b
a Sum of roots = – b
a
p + q = –2
p + q = –2
1
α + 2α = – –(k + 2)
1
3α = k + 2
Product of roots = c
a α = k+2 … 1
3
pq = – 8
1 Product of roots = c
a
pq = –8
The new roots are 2p and 2q. 2α2 = 2k
1
Sum of new roots α2 = k … 2
= 2p + 2q
= 2(p + q) Substituting 1 into 2 :
= 2(–2)
k +3 2
2
= –4 =k
Product of new roots
= (2p)(2q) (k + 2)2 =k
9
= 4pq
= 4(–8) (k + 2)2 = 9k
= –32 k2 + 4k + 4 = 9k
k2 – 5k + 4 =0
The quadratic equation that has the roots 2p and (k – 1)(k – 4) =0
2q is x2 + 4x – 32 = 0. k = 1 or 4
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Paper 2 From 1 :
When m = 2,
1. (2x – 1)(x + 3) = 2x – 3 – k 6(2) = k – 3
2x2 + 6x – x – 3 = 2x – 3 – k k = 12 + 3
2x2 + 3x + k = 0 k = 15
a = 2, b = 3, c = k
The roots are –2 and p. 3. (a) 2x2 + px + q = 0
a = 2, b = p, c = q
Sum of roots = – b
a The roots are – 3 and 2.
2
–2 + p = – 3
2
Sum of roots = – b
–p = – 3 + 2 a
2
p
p = 1 –3 +2 =–
2 2 2
1 =– p
Product of roots = c 2 2
a
p = –1
–2p = k
2 Product of roots = c
a
–2 1 = k
2 2
– 3 2=
q
k = –2 2 2
q = –6
2. 2x2 + (3 – k)x + 8m = 0
a = 2, b = 3 – k, c = 8m (b) 2x2 – x – 6 = k
2
2x – x – 6 – k = 0
The roots are m and 2m.
a = 2, b = –1, c = –6 – k
Sum of roots = – b If the quadratic equation does not have real
a
roots, then b2 – 4ac < 0.
m + 2m = – 3 – k
2 When b2 – 4ac < 0,
2
(–1) – 4(2)(–6 – k) <0
6m = k – 3 … 1
1 + 48 + 8k <0
8k < –49
Product of roots = c 49
a k <–
8
m(2m) = 8m 1
2 k < –6
2m2 = 4m 8
m2 = 2m
2
m – 2m = 0
m(m – 2) = 0
m = 0 or 2
m = 0 is not accepted.
∴m =2
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 3 Quadratic Functions
Paper 1
1. f(x) = 2x2 + 8x + 6
= 2(x2 + 4x + 3) p
–1 5
+ 3]
4 2 2
4
[
= 2 x2 + 4x +
2
–
2 Hence, the required range of values of p is
= 2(x2 + 4x + 22 – 22 + 3) p < –1 or p > 5.
= 2[(x + 2)2 – 1]
= 2(x + 2)2 – 2 5. 3x2 + hx + 27 = 0
∴ a = 2, p = 2, q = –2 a = 3, b = h, c = 27
2. From f(x) = – (x – 4)2 + h, we can state that the If a quadratic equation does not have real roots,
coordinates of the maximum point are (4, h). But it b2 – 4ac < 0
2
is given that the coordinates of the maximum point h – 4(3) (27) < 0
are (k, 9). Hence, by comparison, h2 – 324 < 0
(a) k = 4 (h + 18)(h – 18) < 0
(b) h = 9
(c) The equation of the tangent to the curve at its
maximum point is y = 9.
h
–18 18
3. (a) y = (x + m)2 + n
The axis of symmetry is x = –m.
But it is given that the axis of symmetry is Hence, the required range of values of h is
x = 1. –18 < h < 18.
∴ m = –1
6. g(x) = (2 – 3k)x2 + (4 – k)x + 2
When m = –1, y = (x – 1)2 + n a = 2 – 3k, b = 4 – k, c = 2
Since the y-intercept is 3, the point is (0, 3).
∴ 3 = (0 – 1)2 + n If a quadratic curve intersects the x-axis at two
n =2 distinct points, then
b2 – 4ac > 0
2
(b) When m = –1 and n = 2, (4 – k) – 4(2 – 3k)(2) > 0
y = (x – 1)2 + 2 16 – 8k + k2 – 16 + 24k > 0
Hence, the minimum point is (1, 2). k2 + 16k > 0
k(k + 16) > 0
4. (2 + p)(6 – p) < 7
12 + 4p – p2 – 7 < 0
–p2 + 4p + 5 < 0
p2 – 4p – 5 > 0 –16 0 k
(p + 1)(p – 5) > 0
Hence, the required range of values of k is
k < –16 or k > 0.
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2 5 = 4
2
(a) f(x) = 2x2 + 10x + k 1 25 The maximum point is (2, –4).
When x = 0, y = –12 ∴ (0, –12)
= 2 x2 + 5x +
k
2 The graph of the function g(x) is as shown
25 25 k below.
= 2 x2 + 5x + – +
4 4 2
y
=2 x+[ 5 2 25
2
– 4
+
k
2 ] O (2, –4) x
5 2 25
=2 x+ – +k
2 2
By comparison, –8 8 h
p = – 4q … 1 and –12 = –2q2 – 4
–2q2 = –8
q2 =4 Hence, the required range of values of h is
q = ±2 –8 < h < 8.
From 1 :
When q = 2, p = –4(2) = –8 (Not accepted)
When q = –2, p = –4(–2) = 8 (Accepted)
because p > 0 and q < 0)
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 4 Simultaneous Equations
Paper 2 From 3 ,
When x = 0.70156, y = 2 – 4(0.70156)
1. 2x – 3y = 2 … 1
= –0.80624
x2 – xy + y2 = 4 … 2
When x = –5.70156, y = 2 – 4(–5.70156)
From 1: = 24.80624
2 + 3y Hence, the solutions are
x= … 3
2 x = 0.70156, y = –0.80624 or
Substituting 3 into 2 : x = –5.70156, y = 24.80624 (correct to five
decimal places).
2 +23y – y 2 +23y + y – 4 = 0
2
2
6
When y = , x =
2+3 ( 76 ) = 16 k =8
7 2 7 (b) When k = 8,
1 1
2 + 3(–2) y= x–2…
When y = –2, x = = –2 4
2
y2 + 8y – x – 4 = 0 … 2
2 6
Hence, the points of intersection are 2 ,
7 7 From 1 :
and (–2, –2).
4y = x – 8
x = 4y + 8 … 3
2. 4x + y = 2 … 1
x2 + x – y = 2 … 2 Substituting 3 into 2 ,
y2 + 8y – (4y + 8) – 4 =0
From 1 : y = 2 – 4x… 3 y2 + 8y – 4y – 8 – 4 =0
y2 + 4y – 12 =0
Substituting 3 into 2 , (y – 2)(y + 6) =0
x2 + x – (2 – 4x) = 2 y = 2 or –6
x2 + 5x – 4 = 0 From 3 :
x = –5 ± 52
– 4(1)(–4) When y = 2, x = 4(2) + 8 = 16
2(1) When y = –6, x = 4(–6) + 8 = –16
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 5 Indices and Logarithms
Paper 1 4. 5x = 32x – 1
lg 5x = lg 32x –1
1. 2 x + 3 + 2x + 16 (2x – 1) x lg 5 = (2x – 1) lg 3
= 2x.23 + 2x + 16
2x
2 x lg 5
x lg 5 – 2x lg 3
= 2x lg 3 – lg 3
= – lg 3
= 8(2x) + 2x + 8(2x) x(lg 5 – 2lg 3) = –lg 3
= (8 + 1 + 8)( 2x) –lg 3
= 17(2x) x =
lg 5 – 2 lg 3
x = 1.87
2. 3x + 3 – 3x + 2 =6
3 (33) – 3x (32)
x
=6 5. log10 (p + 3) = 1 + log10 p
27(3x) – 9(3x) =6 log10 (p + 3) – log10 p =1
(27 – 9)(3x) =6
18(3x) =6
log10 p + 3
p =1
3x = 6 p+3
18 = 101
p
3x = 1 p+3 = 10p
3 9p =3
3x = 3–1 1
x = –1 p =
3
3. m = 3a n = 3b 6. log2 y – log8 x =1
log3 m = a log3 n = b log2 x
log2 y – =1
log2 8
log3
mn4
27 log2 y –
log2 x
=1
3 log2 8 = log2 23 = 3
= log3 m + log3 n4 – log3 27
= log3 m + 4 log3 n – log3 33 3 log2 y – log2 x =3
= a + 4b – 3 log2 y3 – log2 x =3
log2 =3
y3
x
y3
= 23
x
y3 = 8x
y3
x =
8
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 6 Coordinate Geometry
(b) mMN = – –3 = – 1
–6 2 m = – y-intercept 2 2
∴ M = 4 + 0 , 0 + (–6) = (2, –3)
x-intercept
(b) mLN = –6 – 0 = 3
Therefore, the gradient of the perpendicular 0–4 2
line is 2.
∴ Gradient of perpendicular line = – 2
Hence, the equation of the straight line which 3
passes through the point N and is Hence, the equation of the perpendicular
perpendicular to the straight line MN is line is
y = 2x – 3. y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y
3. x – = 1 y – (–3) = – 2 (x – 2)
4 3 3
At point P (on the x-axis), y = 0. 3(y + 3) = –2(x – 2)
x – 0 =1⇒x=4 3y + 9 = –2x + 4
4 3 3y = –2x – 5
∴ P is point (4, 0).
5. PA = PB
At point Q (on the y-axis), x = 0. (x – 1)2+ (y – 2)2 = (x – 0)2 + (y – 3)2
0 – y = 1 ⇒ y = –3 (x – 1) + (y – 2)2
2
= (x – 0)2 + (y – 3)2
4 3 x – 2x + 1 + y2 – 4y + 4
2
= x2 + y2 – 6y + 9
∴ Q is point (0, –3). –2x – 4y + 5 = –6y + 9
–2x + 2y – 4 =0
–x + y – 2 =0
y =x+2
10
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Paper 2 (c) A(–18, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, –6), D(–20, –6)
Area of ABCD
1. (a) y – 3x + 6 = 0 1 –18 2 0 –20 –18
At point B (x-axis), y = 0. =
2 0 0 –6 –6 0
0 – 3x + 6 = 0 ⇒ x = 2 1
∴ B is point (2, 0). = |–12 – (120 + 108)|
2
y – 3x + 6 = 0 = 1 240
At point C (y-axis), x = 0. 2
y – 3(0) + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = –6 = 120 units2
∴ C is point (0, –6).
y = 3x – 6 2. (a) (i) y – 3x + 6 = 0
mBC = 3 At point P (on the y-axis), x = 0.
y – 3(0) + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = –6
∴mAC = – 1 ∴ P is point (0, –6).
3
(ii) The coordinates of point S are
Let A(k, 0). 3+4 3+4
4(0) + 3(7) , 4(–6) + 3(15) = (3, 3)
∴ mAC = – 1
3
(b) Area of ∆QRS = 48 units2
0 – (–6) = – 1
1 k 7 3 k = 48
k–0 3
2 0 15 3 0
–k = 18
15k + 21 – (45 + 3k) = 96
k = –18
12k – 24 = 96
∴ A is point (–18, 0).
12k = 120
(b) Let D (p, q). k = 10
Midpoint of BD = Midpoint of AC
(c) S(3, 3), Q(10, 0), T(x, y)
2 2
2 + p , 0 + q = –18 + 0 , 0 + (–6)
2 2 TS : TQ = 2 : 3
TS = 2
2 +2 p , q2 = (–9, –3) TQ 3
3TS = 2TQ
Equating the x-coordinates, 9(TS)2 = 4(TQ)2
2 + p = –9 9[(x – 3)2 + (y – 3)2] = 4[(x – 10)2 + (y – 0)2]
2 9(x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 – 6y + 9) =
4(x2 – 20x + 100 + y2)
p = –20 2 2
9x – 54x + 81 + 9y – 54y + 81 =
Equating the y-coordinates, 4x2 – 80x + 400 + 4y2
2 2
q = –3 5x + 26x + 5y – 54y – 238 = 0
2
q = –6
∴ D is point (–20, –6).
11
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 7 Statistics
Paper 1
∑fx 2 ∑fx
2
2 = –
1. After the given score are arranged in ∑f ∑f
ascending order, we have
2
10 132 318
= –
6 6 6 k k 9 10 10
Since the mode is 6, then k ≠ 9. = 1.96
∑x
2. (a) x– = M Q3
n ∴ Q3 = 7
27 = 189
n Paper 2
n= 189
27 1. Cumulative
n =7 Mass (kg) Frequency
frequency
1.1 – 2.0 5 5
(b) ∑x 2 _
= —— – ( x )2 2.1 – 3.0 9 14
n
3.1 – 4.0 12 26
5278 4.1 – 5.0 8 34
= ——— – 27 2
7 5.1 – 6.0 6 40
= 25
(a) Frequency
= 5
12
3. x f fx fx2 10
30 3 90 2700 8
32 5 160 5120
6
34 2 68 2312
Sum 10 318 10 132 4
Mode = 3.5 kg
12
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n –F
T 40 = T 10 = 2.1 – 3.0 2
4 L+ c = 46.5
40 – 5 fm
Q1 = 2.05 + 4
(1) = 2.61 kg 26 + k– –11
9 2
39.5 + (10) = 46.5
k
The Q3 class is given by
26 + k– –11
T 3 (40) = T 30 = 4.1 – 5.0 2 (10) = 7
4 k
3
(40) – 26 26 + k – 11 = 0.7k
Q3 = 4.05 + 4 (1) = 4.55 kg
8 2
26 + k – 22 = 1.4k
Hence, the interquartile range 0.4k = 4
= Q3 – Q1 = 4.55 – 2.61 = 1.94 kg
k = 10
(c) New interquartile range
= Original interquartile range (b)
= 1.94 kg Mid-
Marks f fx fx2
point (x)
2. Cumulative
Marks f 20 – 29 4 24.5 98.0 2401.00
frequency
30 – 39 7 34.5 241.5 8331.75
20 – 29 4 4
40 – 49 10 44.5 445.0 19802.50
30 – 39 7 11
50 – 59 8 54.5 436.0 23762.00
40 – 49 k 11 + k
60 – 69 5 64.5 322.5 20801.25
50 – 59 8 19 + k
70 – 79 2 74.5 149.0 11100.50
60 – 69 5 24 + k
36 1692 86199
70 – 79 2 26 + k
∑fx 2
∑fx 2
Variance = –
∑f ∑f
2
86 199 1692
= –
36 36
= 185.42
13
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 8 Circular Measure
Paper 1
2. ∠BOC = 20º = 20 3.142 rad
180
1. B C 15.36
OB = = 44 cm
π – 1.8
(
20 3.142
180 )
0.9 rad 0.9 rad s
A D r=
8 cm O 8 cm θ
∠BOC = π – ∠AOB – ∠COD
3. Area of the shaded region
= 3.142 – 0.9 – 0.9
= Area of sector OAB – Area of sector OXY
= 1.342 rad.
= 1 82 1.2 – 1 5 4
Area of sector BOC 2 2
= 1 82 1.342
2 1 2 1
rθ rs
= 42.94 2 2
= 38.4 – 10
= 28.4 cm2
14
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1. = 2r sin θ + rθ
C 2
= 2(10) sin 1.982 + 10(1.982)
r
2
6 cm
= 16.73 + 19.82
8 cm M 8 cm
= 36.55 cm
A B
(r – 6) cm 3. D
r cm
O 4c
m
(a) MO = r – 6
C
In ∆OMB, using Pythagoras’ theorem, 4c
MO2 + MB2 = OB2 m
3 cm
(r – 6)2 + 82 = r2
1 1 A O B
MB = AB = 16 = 8 cm
2 2 5 cm 5 cm
15
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 9 Differentiation
Paper 1 4. z = xy
z = x(30 – x)
1 z = 30x – x2
1. f (x) = = (5x – k)–2
(5x – k)2 dz = 30 – 2x
f ′(x) = –2(5x – k)–3 (5) dx
= –10 3
(5x – k) When z has a stationary value,
dz = 0
f ′(1) = 10 dx
–10 30 – 2x = 0
= 10
[5(1) – k]3 x = 15
(5 – k)3 = –1
d 2z = –2 (negative)
5–k =–1 dx2
k =6
Hence, the maximum value of z
2. y = (x + 1) (2x – 1)2 = 30(15) – 152
= 225
[ ]
dy = (x + 1) 2 (2x – 1)1 (2) + (2x – 1)2 (1)
dx
= (2x – 1)[4(x + 1) + (2x – 1)] 5. y= 1 = (2x – 5)–3
= (2x – 1)(6x + 3) (2x – 5)3
dy = –3 (2x – 5)–4 (2) = – 6
3. 3
y = 2x – 4x + 5 dx (2x – 5)4
dy = 6x2 – 4 δy ≈ dy
dx δx dx
Gradient at the point (–1, 7) δy ≈ dy δy
dx
= 6 (–1)2 – 4
=2 = – 6 4 (3.01 – 3)
(2x – 5)
Equation of the tangent is = –6 0.01
[2(3) – 5]4
y – 7 = 2[x – (–1)]
= – 0.06
y – 7 = 2(x + 1)
y – 7 = 2x + 2
6. A = 2πr 2 + 2πrh
y = 2x + 9
= 2πr 2 + 2πr(3r)
= 8πr 2
dA = dA dr
dt dr dt
= 16πr 0.1
= 16π (5) 0.1
= 8π cm2 s–1
16
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dx dx dx
–9x2 + 4 = 0
x – 2 + 3 + 6 – 12 +
4
x 3
x x 4
x 4 5
x2 = 4
9
x2 x1 – x1 + 5 = 0
2 3 x =± 2
3
–2x + 3 + 6 – 12 + 1 – 1 + 5 = 0
x x
When x = 2 ,
–2x + 15 – 13 = 0 3
x
+ 4 23 = 1 79
3
2
–2x + 15x – 13 = 0 y = –3 2
3
2x2 – 15x + 13 = 0
3
d y = – 18 2 = –12 (< 0)
2
(2x – 13)(x – 1) = 0
2
dx
x = 13 or 1
∴ 2 , 1 7 is a turning point which is
2
3 9
2. (a) y = px3 + kx
a maximum.
dy = 3px2 + k
dx
When x = – 2 ,
3
At (1, 1), x = 1 and m = dy = –5.
+ 4– 23 = –1 79
3
dx y = –3 – 2
3
∴ 3px2 + k = –5
3
d y = –18 – 2 = 12 (> 0)
2
3p(1)2 + k = –5 2
3p + k = –5 … 1 dx
∴ – 2 , –1 7 is a turning point which is
The curve passes through point (1, 1). 3 9
∴ 1 = p(1)3 + k(1) a minimum.
p+k=1… 2
1 – 2 : 2p = –6 ⇒ p = –3
From 2 : –3 + k = 1 ⇒ k = 4
17
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3x m y m At stationary point,
F G
dL = 0
D C
dx
6x m 3888
192x – =0
A 6x m B x2
(a) Volume of the cuboid = 5832 cm3 192 x = 3888
(6x)(6x)(y) = 5832 x2
36x2y = 5832 x 3 = 3888
x2y = 162 192
y = 162 x 3 = 20.25
x2
x = 2.73
L = Area of ABCD + 4 (Area of GBCH)
+ 4 (Area of VGH) d 2L = 192 + 7776x–3 = 192 + 7776 (> 0)
dx 2 x3
L = (6x)2 + 4(6xy) + 4 1 (6x)(5x) ∴ L is a minimum.
2
L = 36x2 + 24xy + 60x2
L = 96x2 + 24xy h
4. y= = h(1 + 2x)–2
L = 96x2 + 24x 162
x2
(1 + 2x)2
dy = –2h(1 + 2x)–3 (2) = – 4h
L = 96x2 + 3888 (shown) dx (1 + 2x)3
x
δy = dy δx
dx
– 8c = – 4h 3 c
3 (1 + 2x)
– 8c =– 4h c
3 [1 + 2(1)]3
– 8c = – 4hc
3 27
h = 8 27
3 4
h = 18
18
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 10 Solution of Triangles
below.
cm
115° Q
65° 43°
R 7 cm S 9 cm T
10 cm
(b) In ∆USR, using the cosine rule, 7 cm 7 cm
UR2 = 72 + 16.3852 – 2(7)(16.385)cos 65º
UR2 = 220.5238 43°
UR = 14.85 cm R S1 S
19
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 4: Chapter 11 Index Numbers
20
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 1 Progressions
Paper 1 4. T3 – T2 = 3
ar 2 – ar = 3
1. (a) T6 = 38 4r 2 – 4r = 3
2
a + 5d = 38 4r – 4r – 3 = 0
a + 5(7) = 38 (2r + 1)(2r – 3) = 0
a =3
r = – 1 or 3
2 2
(b) S9 – S3
5. 0.242424 …
= 9 [2(3) + 8(7)] – 3 [2(3) + 2(7)]
2 2 = 0.24 + 0.0024 + 0.000024 + …
= 279 – 30
= 0.24 a
= 249 1 – 0.01 S∞ =
1–r
= 0.24
2. (a) T2 – T1 = T3 – T2 0.99
2h – 1 – (h – 2) = 4h – 7 – (2h – 1)
= 24
h+1 = 2h – 6 99
h =7
= 8
33
(b) When h = 7, the arithmetic progression is 5,
13, 21, … with a = 5 and d = 8. 6. The numbers of bacteria form a geometric
progression 3, 6, 12, …
S8 – S3
The number of bacteria after 50 seconds
= 8 [2(5) + 7(8)] – 3 [2(5) + 2(8)]
2 2 = T11 = ar10 = 3(210) = 3072
= 264 – 39
= 225 Paper 2
21
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22
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 2 Linear Law
Paper 1 Paper 2
1. y = 2 + qx 1. (a) y = hxk
x
y = 2 +q log10 y = log10 (hxk)
x x2 1
y =2( 1 )+q log10 y 2 = log10 h + log10 xk
x x2 1 log y = log h + klog x
2 10 10 10
1 y
log10 y = 2log10 h + 2klog10 x
x2 x
lg y – x lg k = lg p
3.0
lg y = x lg k + lg p
∴ Y = lg y, X = x, m = lg k, c = lg p 2.5 3.35 – 1.75
= 1.6
2.0
3. y – ax = b2
2
x3 xy2
1 – 2 : 12 = –6a
a = –2
From 2 : –2 = –2(5) + b
b =8
23
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3.5
2.5
2.0
0.6 – 0.16 = 0.44
1.5
1.1 1.0
0.5
24
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Form 5: Chapter 3 Integration
2 2
k – 5k – 5 – 5(5) = 8 –1
2 2
k – 5k + 25 = 8
2 = 8 – 4 + 2 – – 1 –1 – 1
3 3
2 2 = 3 units2
k2 – 10k + 25
= 16 Paper 2
k2 – 10k + 9 = 0
(k – 1)(k – 9) = 0 1. y
k = 1 or 9
y = –x3 – x
2 4
2. –1
3g (x) dx + 2
3g (x) dx
2 4
=3 [ –1
g(x) dx + 2
g(x) dx ] x
1O 2
4
= 3[ –1
g(x) dx ] P Q
= 3(20)
= 60
2 –1
]
y = x – 2x + 2x + c
4 3
5 =0– – (–1)
4
4
[– (–1)
2
2
]
Since the curve passes through the point = 1 + 1
4 2
1, – 1 45 , = 3
4
– 9 = 1 –2 + 2 + c Area Q
5 5 2
c = –2 0
y dx
2
Hence, the equation of the curve is = 0
(–x3 – x) dx
5
y = x – 2x4 + 2x3 – 2. 2
5 [ 4
= – x – x
4
2
2 0
]
4 2
=– 2 – 2 –0
4 2
= –4 – 2
= –6
25
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Hence, the total area of the shaded region (b) When h = 1 and k = 4, y = x2 + 4
= Area P + |Area Q|
y
= 3 + |–6|
4 y = x2 + 4
= 6 3 units2 P
4
2. (a) y = hx2 + k
dy = 2hx x =3
dx
4
At the point (–2, 8), the gradient of the
curve is – 4.
x
∴ dy = – 4 O 2 3
dx
Q
2hx = – 4
2h (–2) = – 4
– 4h = – 4
h =1 Volume generated, Vx
= Volume generated by the curve –
The curve y = hx2 + k passes through the Volume generated by the straight line PQ
point (–2, 8). (from x = 0 to x = 2)
∴ 8 = h(–2)2 + k 3
8 = 4h + k = π 0 y2 dx – 1 πr2h
3
8 = 4(1) + k 3
k =4 = π 0 (x + 4) dx – 1 π(4)2 (2)
2 2
3
3
= π 0 (x + 8x + 16) dx – 32 π
4 2
3
3
[ 5 3
= π x + 8x + 16x –
5 3
] 0
32
3
π
[
= π 3 + 8 (3)3 + 16(3) – 0] – 32 π
5
5
3 3
= 157 14 π units 3
15
26
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 4 Vectors
= 1 –6b _ + (6b
_ + 2a
2 ) |a| 5
2 3 _ |b| = 3
= –3b_ + _a + 4b
_ |a| : |b| = 5 : 3
= _a + _b
→ → →
5. (a) AC = AB + BC
3. (a) _a + 1 _b + 2c
_ = 9i_ – 4j
5 _ + (–6i_ + mj_)
= 3i_ + (m – 4)_j
= 7j_ + 1 (10i_ – 5j_ ) + 2(–4i_ +_j )
5
→
= 7j
_ _ – _j – 8i_ + 2j
+ 2i _ (b) If AC is parallel to the x-axis, the
= – 6i_ + 8j coefficient of _j equals zero.
_
m–4 =0
m =4
1
(b) |a
_ + _b + 2c_ | = (–6)2 + 82 = 10
5
Hence, the unit vector in the direction of
1
_a + _b + 2c
_
5
= 1 –6i_ + 8j
10 _
= – 3 _i + 4 _j
5 5
27
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6k – 6 1 = 2
6
6k = 3
k= 1
2
From 2 : hk = 1
6
2
h 1 =1
6
h= 1
3
28
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→ → → → →
2. (a) (i) OM = 5 OB = 5 (14y
_) = 10y
_ (c) AK = AL + LK
7 7
→ →
– 1 _x + 7 _y = –2px
2 2
_ + 3 qx
_ + 10py
2
_ + 7 qy
2
_
(ii) AK = 1 AB
4
→ → 2 2 2 2
– 1 _x + 7 _y = –2p + 3 q _x + 10p + 7 q _y
= 1 AO + OB
4 –x
_ + 7y
_ = (–4p + 3q)x
_ + (20p + 7q)y
_
= 1 –2x _
_ + 14y
4 Equating the coefficients of _x ,
– 4p + 3q = –1 … 1
= – 1 _x + 7 _y
2 2
Equating the coefficients of _y ,
→ → 20p + 7q = 7 … 2
(b) (i) AL = pAM
→ →
–20p + 15q = –5 … 5
1
= p AO + OM
+ 20p + 7q= 7 … 2
= p(–2x
_ + 10y
_) 22q = 2
= –2px + 10py
_ q= 1
11
→ →
(ii) KL = qKO 1
→ → From :
= q KA + AO →
KA = –AK
→
– 4p + 3 1 = –1
11
= 1_x – 7_y – 4p = – 14
2 2
冧
11
= q 1 _x – 7 _y – 2x
2 2
_ p= 7
22
= q – 3 _x – 7 _y
2 2
= – 3 qx
_ – 7 qy
2 2 _
29
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WebsiteZI F505_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 30
SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 5 Trigonometric Functions
11 +– tan θ
tan θ
1 θ
3 tan θ = 2
–p O
3 tan θ + 3 tan2 θ = 2 – 2 tan θ
3 tan2 θ + 5 tan θ – 2 = 0
sin (90º – θ) (3 tan θ – 1)(tan θ + 2) = 0
= cos θ tan θ = 1 or tan θ = –2
3
p
=–
1 + p2 When tan θ = 1 ,
3
3 Basic ∠ = 18.43º
2. – 10 tan x = 0
cos2 x θ = 18.43º, 198.43º
3 sec2 x – 10 tan x = 0
2
3(tan x + 1) – 10 tan x = 0 When tan θ = –2,
3 tan2 x + 3 – 10 tan x = 0 Basic ∠ = 63.43º
3 tan2 x – 10 tan x + 3 = 0 θ = 116.57º, 296.57º
(3 tan x – 1)(tan x – 3) = 0
∴ θ = 18.43º, 116.57º, 198.43º, 296.57º
tan x = 1 or tan x = 3
3
When tan x = 1 ,
3
x = 18.43º, 198.43º
When tan x = 3,
x = 71.57º, 251.57º
∴ x = 18.43º, 71.57º, 198.43º, 251.57º
30
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WebsiteZI F505_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 31
y x 0 2π
y= y 2 –2
π
(2π, 1)
Number of solution
O
π π 3π π x = Number of intersection point
2
=1
1 – cos 2x x
– =0
sin 2x 2π
1 – cos 2x x
=
sin 2x 2π Sketch the
x straight line
|tan x| =
2π y= x .
2π
Number of solutions
= Number of points of intersection
=4
31
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WebsiteZI F506_4th pp 10/15/08 9:40 AM Page 32
SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 6 Permutations and Combinations
2 5 3P
2 = 4C1 7C2 8C3
√ √
This gives 2!.
√ √ √
At the same time, B1, B2, and B3 can be arranged
among themselves in their group. This gives 3!.
√ √ √
In the same way, G1, G2, and G3 can also be
arranged among themselves in their group. This
gives another 3!.
32
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 7 Probability
Paper 1
33
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 8 Probability Distributions
0 n
n
Co 3 2 = 16
5 5 625 (b) P(175 < X < 190)
(1)(1) 2
5 = 625
n
16
= P 175 – 175 < Z < 190 – 175
15 15
= P (0 < Z < 1)
25 = 25
n 4
= 0.5 – 0.1587
= 0.3413 0.1587
∴n =4
O 1
2. X ∼ N(55, 12 ) 2
4. 0.8159
Area of the shaded region 0.1841
P (X < 37)
= P Z < 37 – 55
12 –0.9
–1.5
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= 0.3651
X ∼ B 10, 1
3 –0.641 0.321
23 23
0 10 1 9
= 1 – 10C0 1 – 10C1 1 X ∼ B 7, 280
3 3 500
C1 2 X ∼ B 7, 14
2 8
– 10 2
3 3 25
= 0.7009
(i) P(X = 3)
11
25
3 4
(ii) Mean = np = 10 1 = 3 1 = 7C3 14
3 3 25
= 0.2304
Standard deviation = npq
(ii) P(X = 3)
= 10 1 2 = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2)
3 3
0
= 7C0 14 11 7 +7C 14 1 11 6 +
= 1.49 25 25 1
25 25
C 14 11
2 5
7
(b) X – Lifespan of a species of dog 2
25 25
X ∼ N(12, σ2)
= 0.1402
(i) P(X > 8) = 90%
(b) X – Time taken to settle invoices
P Z > 8 – 12
σ = 0.9 X ∼ N(30, 52)
– 4 = –1.282
σ
–0.4 1.2
σ = 3.1201 years
35
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= P Z < 22 – 30
5
= P(Z < –1.6)
= 0.0548
Hence, the expected number of invoices which are
given discounts
= 0.0548 220
= 12
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 9 Motion Along a Straight Line
d 2vA = –2 (negative)
dt 2 vB = dsB
dt
2
Hence, vmax = 12 + 1 – 1 vB = 6t2 – 14t – 15
2 2
= 12 1 m s–1 aB = dvB
4 dt
aB =12t – 14
(b) sB = 2t 3 – 7t 2 – 15t When t = 4,
When particle B returns to O, aB =12(4) – 14 = 34 m s–2
sB = 0
2t 3 – 7t 2 – 15t = 0 2 (a) a = 12 – 6t
t(2t 2 – 7t – 15) = 0
t(2t + 3)(t – 5) = 0 v = a dt
v = (12 – 6t) dt
t = 0, – 3 or 5 v = 12t – 3t2 + c
2
When t = 0, v = 15. Thus, c = 15
t = 0 and t = – 3 are not accepted ∴ v = 12t – 3t2 + 15
2
∴t=5
At maximum velocity,
sA = vA dt dv = 0
sA = (12 + t – t2) dt dt
2 3
12 – 6t = 0
sA = 12t + t – t + c t=2
2 3
When t = 0, sA = 0. ∴ c = 0 When t = 2,
2
∴ sA = 12t + t – t
3 v = 12(2) – 3(2)2 + 15 = 27 m s–1
2 3
d2v = –6 (< 0)
When t = 5, 2 dt2
sA = 12(5) + 5 – 5 = 30 5 m
3 Therefore, v is a maximum.
2 3 6
37
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(b) s = v dt (c) When the particle travels to the right,
s = (12t – 3t2 + 15) dt v >0
s = 6t 2 – t 3 + 15t + c 12t – 3t 2 + 15 > 0
When t = 0, s = 0. Thus, c = 0. 3t 2 – 12t – 15 < 0
∴ s = 6t 2 – t 3 + 15t t 2 – 4t – 5 < 0
(t + 1)(t – 5) < 0
At maximum displacement,
ds = 0
dt –1 5 t
12t – 3t2 + 15 = 0
3t2 – 12t – 15 = 0 –1 < t < 5
t2 – 4t – 5 = 0
(t – 5)(t + 1) = 0 Since the values of t cannot be negative,
t = 5 or –1 therefore 0 ≤ t < 5.
t = –1 is not accepted
∴t=5
When t = 5,
s = 6(5)2 – 53 + 15(5) = 100 m
d 2s = 12 – 6t
dt 2
2
When t = 5, d s2 = 12 – 6(5) = –18
dt
Therefore, s is a maximum.
38
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SPM ZOOM–IN
Form 5: Chapter 10 Motion Along a Straight Line
2x + y = 60
2. (a) Mixing: x 0 30
y = 2x
30x + 10y ≤ 15 60
y 90 0
50
3x + y ≤ 90
Baking: x 0 40
40x + 40y ≤ 26 2 60
40
y 40 0
3
x + y ≤ 40
30
3
y=
4
x Decorating: x 0 90
10x + 30y ≤ 15 60
y 30 0
(20, 15)
x + 3y ≤ 90
20
3x + 4y = 120
O 10 15 20 30 40 x
200x + 150y = 3000
39
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(b)
y
90
80
70
3x + y = 90
60
50
40
20
17
R x + 3y = 90
10
5
5x + 10y = 50 x + y = 40
O 10 2023 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 x
40
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