Project Proposal

Line Follower Robot

Name of the Student : Sunil Shahu

Roll No. : 08BECR049

Name of the Student : Darshan Solanki

Roll No. : 08BECR051

Name of the Student : Mandeep Chhabada

Roll No. : 08BECR008

Name of the Student : Chintan Parmar

Roll No. : 08BECR025

Branch : Electonics And Communication Engineering

Date : 7/2/2011

Indus Institute of Technology and Engineering

Rancharda, Via Thaltej
Ahmedabad-382 115
Definition of Project

A line follower is an autonomous bot that can follow a specific colored line painted on a
surface of different contrast, such as black on white.

Line follower robot is the microcontroller based movable automatic robot which will
track the black line and follow it. The other surfaces will be white. This will detect the
white surface at both the sides of line and move ahead.

Scope of Project, Deliverables

At the end we will get a vehical which can automatically detect path and drive on
it. We can mount any system on this vehical. The system works on light reflection
principal. So if we try to run the system at night or say at no light condition then the
system may not perform correctly. It may also not work well when the surface is not
good reflective.Other outer light source may also cause error in the working of light
sensors.

Design Specifications

The making of line follower robot is divide dunder three heads:

1. Chassis of robot

2. Electronics/Hardware Designing

3. Programming/Software Designing
Design Details

Functional Block Diagram

Motor Logic

We will need a set of two motors that have same rpm (revolution per minute).
Circuit diagrams

IR-Sensors

The Infra Red sensors are used to interact with the environment. The emitter
sends a ray which is received by detector in the form of voltage and it
then amplified by amplifier since the signals are weak (more on this later). Below are
the circuit diagrams of Infra-red LED emitter and receiver.

IR-Emitter

IR-Reciever
Op-Amplifier (LM324)
If the rays received by the IR- LED receiver are above a particular threshold then
an amplified signal is generated by the amplifier (LM324). Note that the sensors cannot
directly send a signal to the microcontroller as the signal voltage generated by them is too
low and even when sensors are on white surface signal generated by them will interpreted
low by the microcontroller.

H-bridge (L293B)
The microcontroller sends a signal to the H-bride that acts as a switch. If the
signal received by the H-bridge is high it will rotate the motor or else it won’t do so. Note
that microcontroller only sends a signal to a switch which gives the voltage required by
the motor to rotate. Here we are using L293B which can be used to control two motors.
Cost

The expected cost for this project is about 1500 INR.

Schedule

The project will be completed within 2 month from the date of start.

Deliverables

Design report
Hardware board
Software code file
Project report