Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Pillai Sreejith
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
and
C
O
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S
A E
Z Q
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Major accident C
D E
S
Construction /Engineering activities
Maintenance activities
Sreejith Offshore Training
Operations pack
activities
Source courtesy: Internet
Barriers for Potential Major Accidents
THREATS CONTROL & CONSEQUENCE
MITIGATIVE BARRIERS
PREVENTATIVE BARRIERS
MAE
Major Potential Accidents Emergency response
Direct to Sea
Equipment
Turret failure
A 60 Firewall
Sreejith
Calibration
Loop Checks
Simulation
Audits
MOC/ECR
PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION
HAC
Static Electric
Audits
Prevention barriers
IGNITION CONTROL
Loop checks for BD
Audits/Inspection
CFIs on Relief Valves
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
Fire Drills
Audits
CFT on Fire Pumps & Valves
Mitigation barriers
EXPLOSION
Discuss
• For major accident control, which side of
the bow tie should be strong? Left
(prevention) or the right side (mitigation) ?
Why?
Major
Accident
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
Sreejith Offshore Training pack
Learning Objectives
• To learn about the major accidents that
occurred in your offshore complex to
understand ‘What went wrong?”; and
Discuss each of the major cases from the detail reports to explain:
• Causes
– Consequences
– Risk reduction recommendations
– Implementation status
– Any similar accidents occurred?
–
1. Surface Blowout
4. Ship collisions
5. Dropped Objects
3. Process HC Releases
–Fires / Explosions
6. Transportation Accidents
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Potential Major Accidents 2
Examples
7. Helicopter crash
10. Turret Failure
9. Structural damage
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Risk Terminology
• Individual Risk (IR)
Individual Risk Per Annum is the
frequency with which an individual may be
expected to sustain fatal harm due to
exposure to specific hazards in a year
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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ALARP Triangle
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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What does risk mean?
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Essential data used in
Quantitative Risk Assessment
(QRA)
• Manning distribution
• Transportation details
• Heat & Material Balance diagram
• P&IDs
• PFDs
• General Arrangement / Layouts
• Design basis and safety philosophies
• Jet fire
• Flash Fire
Explain
Sreejith the causes and consequences
Offshore Training packof each type of fires
including their impairment potential
Impairment
• Discuss impingement and impairment
from pool and jet fires
• Pool fire impingement on steel structures:
– 10 minutes
• Jet fire impingement on steel structures:
– 5 minutes
•Risk Assessment
Fatality Estimation: Determine the risk to personnel from each
outcome event.
•Risk Summation and Risk Ranking: Sum the risks to individual
from each outcome events for hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon
hazards and identify the dominant risk contributors.
Risk Assessment: Compare the risk levels against Individual Risk
Acceptability Criteria to determine whether additional measures are
necessary to reduce risks to ALARP.
Offshore Field
Consequences:
Jet Fire
Major asset damage
Multiple fatalities / injuries
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Sreejith Offshore Training pack
Source courtesy: Internet
Subsea blow out
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Fire Contours
• Show the jet, pool fire contours
superimposed on the offshore installation
layout drawing to show them the potential
effects.
Consequences:
Asset damage (hull, equipment,
platform, etc.)
Multiple fatalities / injuries
ANOA FIELD
Consequences:
Asset damage (hull, equipment,
platform, etc.)
Multiple fatalities / injuries
Consequences:
Fire
Major asset / helicopter damage
Multiple fatalities / injuries
There are hardly any known occurrences of Helicopter crashing into
FPSO or platform
Consequences:
Asset damage (hull, equipment, etc.)
Multiple fatalities / injuries
Causes:
Structural failures due to extreme
weather
Corrosion
Inadequate design
Crane boom collision
Consequences:
Asset damage
Multiple fatalities / injuries
Sreejith FPSO
Offshore Training pack
Overall Risk for Offshore
•
Complex
Explain the Individual Risk (IR) for the various personnel categories;
• Explain the PLL (Potential Loss Of Life) values for the complex and various
personnel categories;
• Explain what is base case IR, and ALARP IR cases (sensitivity cases); and
• Explain what is traffic light system and how is it used to determine Realistic
Risk levels?
Sreejith pillai_sreejith@hotmail.c
Offshore Training pack
om
What is Traffic Light system?
Tolerable
Partially degraded
le
ble
ptab
Not accepta
Acce
pilliai_sreejith@hotmail.com
Sreejith Offshore Training pack
Learning objectives
•To understand the objective of Safety Cases;
•To understand ‘The UK HSE Offshore
Installations (Safety Case) Regulations 2005’;
•To understand the typical SC update triggers;
and
•To know the Typical Safety Case contents.
Safety Case exists for Nuclear, Offshore, Aviation, and Rail industries
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
Sreejith Offshore Training pack
Learning objectives
•To understand the critical role of safety barriers /
safety systems in controlling major accidents using
Bow-Tie diagram;
•To understand safety barriers on offshore
installations;
•To appreciate the need to maintain the barriers
through maintenance system, inspections, etc.; and
•To identify and monitor performance of safety
barriers through lead and lag indicators.
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
courtesy: Internet
Barriers for Potential Major Accidents
THREATS CONTROL &
MITIGATIVE BARRIERS
PREVENTATIVE BARRIERS
MAE Emergency re
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
courtesy: Internet
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
courtesy: Internet
What is wrong at present in oil &
gas industry?
• Unacceptable level of process safety related
dangerous occurrences especially in relation to
loss of containment incidents;
• Major hazard industry measured safety
performance using LTIs!!
• Critical systems deteriorate over time without
warning until they fail catastrophically; and
• Audits tend to be too infrequent and workplace
inspections focus on personal safety.
An effective process
safety management
system measures
performance
Key performance indicators must include
appropriate indicators of process safety
performance
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Key Performance Indicators set to identify defects in safety systems
Accident Trajectory
Lagging indicator
Leading indicator
Lagging indicator
Leading indicator
Staff Competence
Operational Procedures
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
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Hydro Carbon
Releases Performance Indicators
(Leading & lagging)
Maintenance Checks/test
Sreejith
Calibration
Loop Checks
Simulation
Audits
MOC/ECR
PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION
HAC
Static Electric
Audits
IGNITION CONTROL
Loop checks for BD
Audits/Inspection
CFIs on Relief Valves
CFT on ESDV
EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN
Fire Drills
Audits
CFT on Fire Pumps & Valves
Testing of foam concentrate
MOC
EXPLOSION
Dual Performance Assurance
Dual Assurance - leading and lagging indicators measuring
performance of each critical element of a Process Safety Management
System
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
courtesy: Internet
How effective are YOUR safety systems?
Tolerable
Partially degraded
le
ble
ptab
Not accepta
Acce
MAE Emergency re
IDENTIFY
Barriers;
Major Hazard (SCEs)
Analysis Performance
Indicators
Are They Suitable?
Sreejith Offshore
Source Training pack
courtesy: Internet
Learning
• Concept of Safety barriers in major accident control;
and
• Role of offshore personnel in ensuring integrity of
safety barriers by monitoring performance
indicators; and
• Performance of safety systems to control major
hazards cannot be monitored using LTIs which calls
for a shift in focus.
pillai_sreejith@hotmail.com
Sreejith Offshore Training pack