FORM OF EXAMINER’S APPROVAL

Title : A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE

SENTENCES IN THE NOVEL “ELDEST”
Name : Wahyu Mustiko Aji
NIM : G1E004003
Purwokerto, February 2011

Approved by the board of examiners

Approval

1 Drs. Agus Sapto Nugroho, M,Ed. TESOL. ………………………….

NIP. 195708181985031004

2 R. Pujo Handoyo, S.S, M.Hum. …………………………

NIP. 197504142002121002

3 Indriyati Hadiningrum, S.S. ………………………….

NIP. 197707302003122002

i
 FORM OF APPROVAL

Title : A TRANSLATION ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE VOICE

SENTENCES IN THE NOVEL “ELDEST”
Name : Wahyu Mustiko Aji
NIM : G1E004003
Purwokerto, February 2011

Approved by:

Head of Humanities Department

Social and Political Sciences Faculty

Drs. Ashari, M.Pd.

NIP. 196301121992031002

Dean of Social and Political Sciences Faculty

Jenderal Soedirman University

Drs. Muslihudin, M.Si.

NIP. 196304141989011001

ii
 STATEMENT

Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis

contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or part from a

thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded degree or diploma.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgment in the

main text of the thesis.

This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma

in any other tertiary institution.

Purwokerto, February 2011

Wahyu Mustiko Aji

NIM: G1E004003

iii
 WISE WORD

“Hasbunallah wa ni’mal wakiil”

"Cukuplah Allah menjadi Penolong kami dan Allah adalah sebaik-baik Pelindung."

(Ali imran: 173)

“Salaamunq qaulam mir rabbirrahiim”

"Salam", sebagai ucapan selamat dari Tuhan Yang Maha Penyayang”

(yaasiin: 58)

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah. Thanks to Alloh SWT for blessing me strength, so I can

finish this thesis.

I would like to take this very special occasion to acknowledge and thanks

to all people who have ever catched me whenever I fall, for the encouragement,

support and friendship that make me able to pass the hard and long time of

composing this thesis. I do realize that this thesis could not finish without helps of

many people. Therefore, I would like to express my gratefulness to the following

persons who have been very kindly and helpful until this thesis is completed:

1. My best supervisors, Drs. Agus Sapto Nugroho, M.Ed,TESOL and R. Pujo

Handoyo, S.S, M.Hum., for their support, guidance, suggestion, advice,

patience and kindness.

2. My external examiner, Indriyati Hadiningrum, S.S., for her suggestion and

advice.

3. Drs. Ashari, M.Pd., the Head of Department of Humanities, Faculty of

Social and Political Sciences, for his approval for this thesis.

4. Tribuana Sari, M.Si, as my Academic Consultant for the guidance and

support during my years in the university.

5. For all the lecturers of the English Department, Jenderal Soedirman

University for their time in sharing me their knowledge.

v
6. My beloved Father and Mother for their everlasting love, pray, patience

and support, my sister and her husband mba Lilis and mas Trisno for her

support, pray, and kindness.

7. All of my friends in English literature of 2004 generation without

exception, thanks for the beautiful friendship.

Purwokerto, February 2011

Wahyu Mustiko Aji

NIM: G1E004003

vi
 ABSTRACT

Mustiko Aji, Wahyu. 2011. A Translation Analysis of Passive Voice Sentences in

the Novel “Eldest”. Thesis. English Language and Literature Study
Program. Department of Humanities. Faculty of Social and Political
Sciences. Jenderal Soedirman University.

Supervisor I : Drs. Agus Sapto Nugroho, M,Ed. TESOL

Supervisor II : R. Pujo Handoyo, S.S, M.Hum

Keywords: Passive Voice, Translation, Grammatical Equivalence, Eldest

This study focuses on the analysis of quality, specifically in the grammatical

equivalence and the strategy applied in the passive voice sentences translation in
novel The ELDEST. The purposes of this study were to discover the grammatical
equivalence of the passive voice sentences and also the strategy in translating
them.

This study is a descriptive qualitative research, where the researcher only

describes all the facts in the existing data. The data were taken from the novel
eldest and the Indonesian version by means of purposive sampling. There were
821 data applied in this research.

The result of this study shows that 71,4% of the data are equivalent, and 28,6% of
the data are classified as not equivalent with the grammatical structure of source
language and target language when the sentence is translated from source
language (SL) to target language (TL). Meanwhile, the translation strategies found
in this research are addition (40 data), subtraction (82 data), shift (9 data),
borrowing (17 data), deletion (35 data), modulation (217 data), literal translation
(420 data) and free translation (1 data).

Based on the outcome of this research, it can be concluded that most of the
translation of passive voice sentence is equivalent with the grammatical structure
of source language and target language grammar when the sentence is translated
from SL to TL. Besides, there are still many not equivalent data with the
grammatical structure of source language and target language when the sentence
is translated from SL to TL. If it is seen from the result of the translation from the
meaning of the sentence in the source language, it can be concluded that the
passive voice sentence doesn’t have to be translated with the passive voice
sentence too in their translation. It depends on the contextual situation, because
languages which have a category of voice do not always use the passive with the
same frequency. Meanwhile, dealing with the strategy, it is suggested that the
translator reduces the strategy of literal translation which only focused on the
form and structure of the target language but more focused on the content or the
message.

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 ABSTRAK

Mustiko Aji, Wahyu. 2011. A Translation Analysis of Passive Voice Sentences in

the Novel “Eldest”. Thesis. English Language and Literature Study
Program. Department of Humanities. Faculty of Social and Political
Sciences. Jenderal Soedirman University.

Pembimbing I : Drs. Agus Sapto Nugroho, M,Ed. TESOL

Pembimbing II : R. Pujo Handoyo, S.S, M.Hum

Kata Kunci: Passive Voice, Translation, Grammatical Equivalence, Eldest

Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada analisis kualitas, khususnya dalam kesepadanan

tata bahasa dan strategi yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan kalimat-kalimat
pasif dalam novel Eldest. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan
kesepadanan tata bahasa dari kalimat pasif dan juga strategi dalam
menterjemahkannya.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu peneliti hanya

mendeskripsikan semua fakta yang terdapat pada data yang tersedia. Data tersebut
diambil dari novel Eldest dan versi bahasa indonesianya dengan menggunakan
teknik purposive sampling. Ada 821 data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada 71,4% data yang sepadan dan
28,6% data yang diklasifikasikan sebagai data yang tidak sepadan dengan struktur
tata bahasa dari bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran ketika kalimat tersebut
diterjemahkan dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Sementara itu, strategi
penerjemahan yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini adalah addition (40 data),
subtraction (82 data), shift (9 data), borrowing (17 data), deletion (35 data),
modulation (217 data), literal translation (420 data) dan free translation (1 data).

Hasil dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar dari terjemahan
kalimat pasif adalah sepadan dengan struktur tata bahasa dari tata bahasa sumber
dan bahasa sasaran ketika kalimat tersebut diterjemahkan dari bahasa sumber ke
bahasa sasaran. Selain itu, masih ada banyak data yang tidak sepadan dengan
struktur tata bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran ketika kalimat tersebut
diterjemahkan dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Jika dilihat dari hasil
terjemahan dari arti kalimat dalam bahasa sumber, dapat disimpulkan bahwa
kalimat pasif tidak harus diterjemahkan dengan kalimat pasif dalam
penerjemahannya. Hal tersebut tergantung dari situasi kontekstual, karena bahasa
yang memiliki kategori voice tidak selalu menggunakan bentuk pasif dalam
frekuensi yang sama. Sementara itu, berdasarkan strategi, disarankan bahwa
penerjemah mengurangi strategi literal translation yang hanya memfokuskan pada
bentuk dan struktur dari bahasa target, tetapi lebih memfkuskan pada isi pesannya.

viii
Dedicated To my beloved family

Father, Bapak Tupon and Mother, Ibu Titi Sutini

and my sister, Mba lilis

ix
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE

FORM OF EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL ……………………………… …i

FORM OF APPROVAL ………………………………………………. …ii

STATEMENT …………………………………………………………. …iii

WISE WORD ………………………………………………………….. …iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT …………………………………………….. …v

ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………… …vii

ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………….. …viii

DEDICATION …………………………………………………………. …ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………. …x

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Research ………………………………………... …1

1.2 Research Question ………………………………………………….. …4

1.3 Research Objectives ………………………………………………... …5

1.4 Research Limitation ………………………………………………… …5

1.5 Significance of the Study ………………………………………........ …6

1.6 Organization of the Study…………………………………………… …6

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Translation ……………………………………………. …8

2.2 Process of Translation ……………………………………………….. …9

2.3 Equivalence in Translation ………………………………………….. …11

2.4 Translation Strategies ……………………………………………….. …13

2.4.1 Literal Translation ………………………………………….. …13

2.4.2 Addition …………………………………………………….. …14

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 2.4.3 Subtraction ………………………………………………….. …15

2.4.4 Borrowing …………………………………………………... …15

2.4.5 Deletion or Omission ……………………………………….. …17

2.4.6 Free Translation …………………………………………….. …17

2.4.7 Shifts ………………………………………………………… …18

2.4.8 Modulation ………………………………………………….. …18

2.5 Passive Voice

2.5.1 The Meaning of Passive Voice ……………………………... …19

2.5.2 English Passive Voice …………………………………….... …21

2.5.3 Indonesian Passive voice …………………………………… …23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Type of Research …………………………………………………….. …25

3.2 Data and Data Source ……………………………………………….. …26

3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique ……………………………………. …27

3.4 Technique of Data Collection ………………………………………. …27

3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ………………………………………… …28

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Data Analysis ……………………………………………………….. …29

4.1.1 Translation Strategy ………………………………………………. …29

4.1.1.1 Addition ………………………………………………….. …30

4.1.1.2 Subtraction ……………………………………………….. …32

4.1.1.3 Shifts ……………………………………………………… …33

4.1.1.4 Borrowing ………………………………………………… …35

4.1.1.5 Deletion …………………………………………………… …36

4.1.1.6 Modulation ……………………………………………….. …37

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 4.1.1.7 Literal …………………………………………………….. …38

4.1.1.8 Free Translation …………………………………………… …40

4.1.2 Grammatical Equivalence ………………………………………… …40

4.1.2.1 Number …………………………………………………… …41

4.1.2.2 Gender ……………………………………………………. …43

4.1.2.3 Person …………………………………………………….. …44

4.1.2.4 Tense and Aspect …………………………………………. …45

4.1.2.5 Voice ……………………………………………………… …46

4.2 Discussion …………………………………………………………… …53

4.2.1 Translation Strategies ……………………………………….. …53

4.2.2 Grammatical Equivalence …………………………………… …59

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………… …61

5.2 Recommendation ..…………………………………………………… …64

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………….. …65

APPENDIXES …………………………………………………………… …67

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