11/18/2008

Axial Load

The effect of axial load on adjacent pile is taken into consideration in

the following form

•Reduced axial capacity (Static)

•Increased deflection (T-Z)

Increased deflection can be calculated using method proposed by

Randolf based on empirical formula as a ‘Z’ multiplier.

The increased deflection is calculated as

Z’=(1+ v)Z

Where
(1+ v) is called ‘Z’ multiplier.

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36

y
Sp
x

PILE 1

PILE 2

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36

1
 11/18/2008

P1 P2

Lp
2
EsL/2
Lp

EsL

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36

Axial Interaction Factor

Sp 1 1
1 (1 )
D Sp
v
1 (1 )
Where
Sp=Spacing between piles
D=Diameter of piles
Lp=Length of pile below mudline
EsL / 2
= E
sL
EsL/2=Soil modulus at depth 4/2

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering1
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36

2
 11/18/2008

EsL=Soil modulus at pile tip

=Poisson’s ratio =0.5

Sp 1
= LP = =
D D

m=2.5 (1- ) Lp

= ln 2
m
D
2
m
= ln 2 D.m

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36

t/tmax t/tmax

Original
Original

Reduced
Reduced

T-Z curve for Clay T-Z curve for sand

Dr. S. Nallayarasu
11.10.08 Department of Ocean Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Madras-36