‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻷﻭل‬
‫ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺼﻼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻟﻠﺭﻱ ﺘﻌﺘﻤـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺯﺭﻋﻴﺔ )‪ (Ayers and Westcot, 1994‬ﻭﻫـﻲ‬
‫ﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ )ﺠﺩﻭل ‪:(١‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ : (١‬ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺭﻤﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺸﺭ‬ ‫ﻡ‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪pH‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟـ ‪pH‬‬ ‫‪١‬‬

‫‪dS/m‬‬ ‫‪ECw‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ‬ ‫‪٢‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪SAR‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺩﻤﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Adj. SAR‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﺩﻤﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪٤‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪Adj. RNa‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫‪٥‬‬

‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪SSP‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺏ‬ ‫‪٦‬‬

‫‪me/l‬‬ ‫‪RSC‬‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪٧‬‬

‫‪me/l‬‬ ‫‪ES‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺅﺜﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪٨‬‬

‫‪me/l‬‬ ‫‪PS‬‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪٩‬‬

‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪ESP‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬ ‫‪١٠‬‬

‫‪mg/l‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪ ١١‬ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﻭﻥ‬

‫‪mg/l‬‬ ‫‪NO3‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪١٢‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﺎﺌﻲ )‪:Electrical conductivity (EC‬‬

‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﻲ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ ‪ .dS/m‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻲ‬
‫( ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻟـ ‪.mg/L‬‬ ‫‪TDS‬‬ ‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﺒﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ )‬
‫‪TDS(mg/l)=ECiw (dS/m)*640‬‬ ‫‪ECiw < 5 dS/m‬‬
‫‪TDS(mg/l)=ECiw (dS/m)*800‬‬ ‫‪ECiw >= 5 dS/m‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬

‫)‪Sodium Adsorption Ratio, (SAR‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺩﻤﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬

‫ﺒﻤﻌﺭﻓـﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺯ ﺍﻟﺼـﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬ ‫)‪(SAR‬‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺩﻤﺼـﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼـﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪:(Richards, 1954‬‬
‫‪Na +‬‬
‫= ‪SAR‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬
‫‪2+‬‬ ‫‪2+‬‬
‫‪Ca +Mg‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ)‪ .(me/L‬ﻭﻴﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪Adj. SAR‬‬ ‫ﺘﻌﺭﻑ ﺒـ‬ ‫‪SAR‬‬ ‫ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ ﻟـ‬

‫‪Adj. Sodium Adsorption Ratio‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺩﻤﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪:(Ayers and Westcot, 1994‬‬
‫‪AdjSAR = SAR 1+(8.4-pH c )‬‬
‫)‪pH c = (pk 2 -pk c )+p(Ca+Mg)+p(Alk‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺨﺎﺼﺔ )‪ (Ayers and Westcot, 1994‬ﺃﻭ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺘﻡ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭﺓ(‪:‬‬
‫‪(pk 2 -pk c ) = 2.107*(Ca +2 +Mg +2 +Na + ) 0.038‬‬
‫) ‪p(Ca+Mg) = 3.298-0.34*Ln(Ca +2 +Mg +2‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫) ‪pAlk = 2.998-0.43*Ln(CO3= +HCO3-‬‬
‫)‪(Abdel-Nasser(2008), Personal Communication‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫)‪Adj. Sodium Ratio (Adj. RNa‬‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻗﻴﻡ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻗﺘـﺭﺡ‬ ‫‪SAR‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫‪ Adj.‬ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ‬ ‫‪RNa‬‬ ‫)‪ (Suarez,1981‬ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Na‬‬
‫= ‪Adj.R Na‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫‪Ca x +Mg‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺩﻟﺔ)‪ ،(me/l‬ﻭﻫﻰ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪Cax‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﻤﻌﺩﻻﹰ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻭﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻀﻐﻁ‬
‫ﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺃﻜﺴﻴﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘﺴﺘﺨﺭﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺨﺎﺼﺔ )‪ (Ayers and Westcot, 1994‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﻁﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻀﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺍﻟﻤﺫﻜﻭﺭ(‪:‬‬
‫‪-0.66721‬‬
‫‪ HCO3 ‬‬
‫‪0.100398‬‬
‫‪Ca x = 2.09*EC‬‬ ‫‪*‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Ca‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪(Abdel-Nasser(2008), Personal Communication‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺒﺄﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﺤﺴﻭﺒﺎﹰ ﺒﻭﺤﺩﺓ ﺍﻟـ ﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﻜﺎﻓﻲﺀ‪ /‬ﻟﺘﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺏ‬

‫ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺏ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴـﺔ ﺒﻭﺍﺴـﻁﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺒﺎل ﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﻜﺎﻓﻲﺀ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ(‪:‬‬
‫‪Na + *100‬‬
‫‪SSP = ++‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫‪Ca + Mg ++ + Na + + K +‬‬

‫)‪Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC‬‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺇﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺯﻴـﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺒﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪:(Richards, 1954‬‬
‫‪RSC = (CO 3= + HCO3 - ) - ( Ca ++ + Mg ++ ) me/l‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫)‪Salinity potential (PS‬‬ ‫ﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻭﺤﺔ‬

‫ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻷﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻴﺤﺴﺏ ﻤـﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪PS = Cl- + 0.5*SO 4 = mg/l‬‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬
‫ﻭﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻴﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﻜﺎﻓﺊ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‪.‬‬

‫)‪Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل‬

‫ﺘﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﺩل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻨﺒﺄ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻟﻭ ﺍﺴـﺘﺨﺩﻤﺕ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺘﺤﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ )‪:(Richards, 1954‬‬

‫)‪100*(-0.0126 + 0.01475*SAR‬‬
‫= ‪ESP‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫)‪1+(-0.0126 + 0.01475*SAR‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

 ‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫ ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬٣٦٢

(ECiw) ‫ ( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻤﻠﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬٢ )‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

FAO
USSL (Richards, 1954) James et. al. (1982)
(Ayers and Westcot, 1994)

Range Range Range

Class (dS/m) Notes Class (dS/m) Notes Class (dS/m) Notes

low <=0.25 C1 excellent <0.7 excellent <0.25

medium 0.25-0.75 C2 good 0.7-3.0 good 0.25 - 0.75
high 0.75-2.25 C3 unsuitabl >3.0 permissible 0.75 - 2.0
e
very high >2.25 C4 doubtful 2.0 - 3.0
unsuitable >3.0

‫( ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬SAR)‫ ( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﺩﻤﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬٣ )‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

USSL (Richards,1954), FAO

( Todd, 1980) (Ayers and Westcot, 1994)
Class Range Notes Class Range Notes

low <10 S1 Low <3

medium 10-18 S2 Medium 3–9

high 18-26 S3 high >9

very high >26 S4

‫( ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬SSP)‫( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﺫﺍﺌﺏ‬٤ ) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

USSL (Wilcox, 1955) James et. al. (1982)

Class Range Notes Class Range Notes

low <20 excellent excellent <20

medium 20 – 40 good good 20 - 40
high 40 – 80 fair permissible 40 - 60
very high >80 poor doubtful 60 - 80
unsuitable 80 - 100

‫ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬.‫د‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫ ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬٣٦٢

‫( ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬RSC)‫( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬٥ ) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

Class
Range
Eton(1950) Wilcox (1954)

<1.25 excellent Suitable

1.25 – 2.5 good Marginal

>2.5 fair Unsuitable

‫( ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬B) ‫ ( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻭﺭﻭﻥ‬٦ ) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

Follett and Soltanpour (1999)

Class Range (ppm) Notes

Safe <0.5
Most crops 0.5 – 1.0
Semi-tolerant crops 1.0 – 2.0
Tolerant crops >2.0

‫( ﻓﻲ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻱ‬Cl) ‫ ( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻭﺭﻴﺩ‬٧ ) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

USSL(1954) FAO(1985)
Class Cl (mg/l) Cl (me/l) Cl (me/l) Class
Safe <70 <2 <4 No problem
Sensitive plants 70-140 2-4 4-10 Increasing
problem
Moderately tolerant 140-350 4-10 >10 Sever problem
plants
Unsuitable or tolerant >350 >10
plants

(HCO3-)‫ ( ﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻴﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻜﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ‬٨ ) ‫ﺠﺩﻭل‬

Class me/l
Safe <1.5
medium 1.5 – 8.0
unsuitable >8.0

‫ ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬.‫د‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﺃﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬

‫‪ -١‬ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ‬

‫‪Diw‬‬ ‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﺍﻓﺘﺭﻀﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﺔ =‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻯ=‪ECiw‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺎﺀ‬

‫‪Diw* ECiw‬‬ ‫ﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﺩل =‬

‫ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺎﺩل ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬

‫‪ECsw‬‬ ‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ =‬

‫‪Dsw‬‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ =‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﻥ‪:‬‬

‫‪D iw * EC iw  D sw * EC sw‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﺤﻠﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺤﺴﺎﺒﻬﺎ ﻜﺎﻷﺘﻰ‪:‬‬

‫‪ m * b * D s‬‬
‫‪D sw  v * D s ‬‬
‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻰ ﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ‬

‫‪EC e * SP‬‬
‫‪EC sw * m ‬‬
‫‪100‬‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻷﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫‪EC e‬‬ ‫ﺤﻴﺙ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪SP‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍل‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻜﺎﻵﺘﻲ‪:‬‬

‫‪D iw EC sw‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪D sw‬‬ ‫‪EC iw‬‬
‫‪D iw EC e * m * b‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ds‬‬ ‫‪w * EC iw‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻅﺎﻫﺭﻴﺔ = ‪ ١,٤‬ﺠﺭﺍﻡ ‪/‬ﺴﻡ‪٣‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻕ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺫﻭﺭ= ‪ ٦٠‬ﺴﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﻁﻭﺒﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﺭﺒﺔ = ‪ %٢٥‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ = ‪ ١٥٠٠‬ﻤﻴﻜﺭﻭﻤﻭﺯ ‪/‬ﺴﻡ‬

‫ﺍﺤﺴﺏ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻰ ﺘﺤﻭل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﻤﻠﺤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠـــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪D iw EC e * m * b‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ds‬‬ ‫‪w * EC iw‬‬

‫‪Diw (4-1.5)*0.25*1.4‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪1.0*1.5‬‬
‫‪Diw 1.4525‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫‪Diw =58.1cm‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻨﻨﺎ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ ٥٨,١‬ﺴﻡ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺤﺘﻰ ﺘﺘﺤﻭل ﺍﻟﺘﺭﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺤﻴـﺔ‬

‫) ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻵﻤﻼﺡ ﻓﻰ ﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﻴﺴﺎﻭﻯ ‪ ٤‬ﻤﻠﻠﻴﻤﻭﺯ‪/‬ﺴﻡ (‬

‫‪ -٢‬ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺘﺘﻡ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻭﺍﻓﺭ ﻤﻴـﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﺒﺎﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺴـﺏ‬

‫ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺒﺔ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﻴﺤﻜﻡ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ECmix *D mix =ECiw *Diw +ECdw *Ddw‬‬

‫‪ECiw *Diw +ECdw *Ddw‬‬
‫= ‪ECmix‬‬
‫‪D mix‬‬
‫‪D mix =Diw +D dw‬‬
‫ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪EC iw‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ‬ ‫‪EC dw‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴل ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺭﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ‬ ‫‪EC mix‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪D iw‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪Ddw‬‬

‫ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻠﻭﻁﺔ )ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ‪ +‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ(‬ ‫) ‪D mix  (D iw  D dw‬‬

‫ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﺨﺭﻯ ﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻰ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻭﻫﻰ‬

‫‪ECdw -EC mix‬‬

‫=‪Ratio‬‬
‫‪ECdw -ECiw‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻰ ﺘﻌﻁﻰ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻰ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻯ ﺍﻥ‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫‪Diw‬‬
‫=‪Ratio‬‬
‫‪Diw +D dw‬‬

‫ﻤﺜﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺫﺍ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺩﻴﻨﺎ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻤﻼﺡ = ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬
‫ﻭﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺼﺭﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻤﻼﺡ = ‪ ٨٠٠٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻭﺏ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻁ ﻟﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻯ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٦٤٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﻠــــــــــــــــــــــ‬

‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ECiw *Diw +ECdw *D dw‬‬

‫= ‪ECmix‬‬
‫‪Diw +D dw‬‬

‫ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻓﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬

‫‪230*Diw +8000*D dw‬‬

‫= ‪640‬‬
‫‪Diw +Ddw‬‬
‫‪640(Diw +Ddw )=230*Diw +8000*D dw‬‬
‫‪Diw‬‬
‫‪=17.95 times‬‬
‫‪D dw‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺭﻯ ‪ :‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺭﻑ ﻫﻰ ‪١ :١٧,٩٥‬‬

‫ﺒﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ECdw -EC mix‬‬

‫=‪Ratio‬‬
‫‪ECdw -ECiw‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬

‫اﻟﺪرس اﻷول‬ ‫‪ ٣٦٢‬ﻋﺘﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬

‫ﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬

‫‪8000  640‬‬
‫‪Ratio ‬‬ ‫‪ 0.9472‬‬
‫‪8000  230‬‬

‫ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﺍﻥ ‪ % ٩٤,٧٢‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻯ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬

‫ﻭ ‪ % ٥,٢٨‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺼﺭﻑ ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٨٠٠٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺨﺭ ‪ ٩٤,٧٢‬ﻡ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﻯ ﺠﻴﺩﺓ)ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٢٣٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ( ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻰ‬

‫‪ ٥,٢٨‬ﻡ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺼﺭﻑ )ﺒﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٨٠٠٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ( ﻟﻨﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪١٠٠‬ﻡ‪ ٣‬ﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ‪ ٦٤٠‬ﻤﺠﻡ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺭ‪.‬‬

‫د‪ .‬ﺟﻤﺎل ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻟﻠﺮى‬