FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3rd Edition Kenneth M. Leet, Chia-Ming Uang, and Anne M. Gilbert

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN LOADS

P2.t. Determine the deadweight of a l-ft-long segment of the reinforced concrete beam whose cross section is shown in Figure P2.!. Beam is constructed with lightweight concrete which weighs 120 lbs/ft:'.

P2.1

tu).ltf\A1'~

1H6 WelAt.-tf/Pr.

@ ltc11."j F1~ .

aF

&~

~~t.1Ip~

72. .'

,L
tQMf\)'("e

la," ~
J4.eA:

A~e~~ (Q.~'x:"·).rt(YtJ'd.iX t.ft7')..f-

c,~~

-se-t..1Ig~t,..

=
~elltJ.+r

(O.u1'x-Z.SI)-r

(I-';'X l')

7.t:;, F1~
OF- Met-1~6~
1

re~ ~oP1 ~t-ltt1H ~ H1/ F1 :. 1.r; ff x 1to L.&/ff~:: ~1t1 L.&/ff.

Page

l-J

P2.2. Determine the deadweight of a l-m-long segment of the reinforced concrete girder in Figure P2.2 constructed from lightweight concrete with a unit weight of
16 kN/m3.

,,"ml
180mm 780mm Prestress concrete hodge girder

P2.2

:cornputc"1h~ we.\s.hi'/m ot th4t

IEIOlnm_

.L

~S:5~\'jQU.

1t.4::~.

-*-

wt-t--. ::';'I
- '"" 3··'

1Yr.

-0' -t ~.I ··9 K /m

l~mm

r-.~rnrn~ -'i
X •. S) t

~C:"G:4iO

2.0ltS'

'Z.n4)
20

+-,,[SO
'=:-0

X •.4J(Qp-+2tl90~.

f9Q)

-F-~l5"'~'O)C. ~T8()~'1\4+

.1~X~-'?O)

.....

"':I. • .,..'A~"

~"'T4.m

.-'2,

Page

2.-2

P2.3. Determine the deadweight of a loft-long segment of a typical 20-in-wide unit of a roof supported on a nominal 2 in X 16 in southern pine beam (the actual dimensions are in smaller). The ~-in plywood weighs 3 lb/ft"

2" insulation

three ply felt [at an] gra vel d e

314- plywood

~ x
~.-X

X Ilh-

~ X

~J
P2.3

~ X

151/2-

(...__ 20' --\+--

20'---i

./

21)"---·r.--_.t~~

Iw.t 120"
I

unit
'2 n"<:'r 2cV ""'--;;'--5-r6-'-- ..-o..r-1J(,.-1~~--···--"

·1?t.---ywQoO:

_-

lH.S:m:1J.lOJe""3~p:sr:x?i~G?~:-..t=~:~$ It:»
b~:t'Al{.l-~-s-~~-z;r~::i-9St

,
14+

....l!l r~·lb._

WO?iO
TO

,ImS t.

1C.

5Tltc:tLS¥~~"1th
-FP

rAL- W - _gr-'~_......w..u.. -_-

,e-....,~-,__,it-·

if19fi.'

1:'·-J...+.4-

··-t-O-1""-· !..:"!:._:..7 ....... ~ --c.~

..;:::..~,t.Jhdn'L

Page

2.-.3

P2.4. Consider the floor plan shown in Figure P2.4. Compute the tributary areas for (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder 01, (c) girder G2, (d) comer column C3, and (e) interior column B2.

cp
@-I

Cf
I

(J)

IGl
@-I

m
I

11
12
Ii
@

1 B2

10' = 20-

Bl
©-I 1

I----- 30'

1 I
P2.4

12 C3I_l
25,____J

roo

= 20'

(6.,)J}eg a1 AT;;'

._e!~_.30,

ft._.

t1£.n{oCL~:-;.:ONWOTU'1·L~ ~
30(5+

3d

._

(t)r;u;:ag-2.
'M~t) ~:

~_P."'H 20£1-

S_)-F- ...300.F'T'2

.... _

u f.llf.6_Uo\_

\....~

Jf!ll~
-I
~5
I I" 5'~.

Lb.)~·-G1
M:gT\\gD'!:

.. PA~ S

=r
L.O~'t)

U nt f"otM

{J )C.o.CUMN~~C]"·
_A:t._~~:"Z:~~~;ii:~"lO'-ii:"~+ ,.

(e }~:e.2.._.
7Ji;.· ..=-~-+:l-...,-·~i:O· ..~(c}

.- T--~-

......... 'Ail.

-.1-

A-t ..

ISO

+ ~"?Il~)~

Arcr-6~

AT ~,.

\("5·f,.~

Page

2. .. 4

P2.S. Refer to Figure P2.4 for the fleer plan. Calculate the influence areas for (a) floor beam Bl, (b) girder G 1. (c) girder G2, (d) corner column C3, and (e) interior column B2.

@-I WI

cp
GI

cp
I
02

cp
Il 2
@

1 IB2
Bl

10' =

20' 20'

I ©-I
~30'

I I
I
P2.4

C3r

Ii 12

10' =

15,____j

M(J\t'pl~

th~ v.alue..s.
P 2. 4

A,

in

prob'c.I"T"\
"""

of' by.

k \"l.}

h c...re

'KLl..c:;:

4--Fo .....

-c.olucnns

Clnd .._2.

+ar-. b earns-

~eA"1 &1 vt~HOD j_ t-1~1HOt'

.z.
1
t
A2.

~~k~ ~ OOF'f");. (,tJl1 Fr1'2.( ~Af== t(r;oOF~)~r;OO F"'"

Ku.J..r::: 2 ('''0 ~I.l,.M ~ 2(175
F1'''') ~ ~qOpraff")::; ~70 rr"

fl trZ:pe R
~~1HOt'

t4 1

t-1~q1?
~1l(~R

~J1Wl" J. t-1 ~1'ttQt' 1-

l4t.k ::: ('1~~::t,?Qf11' 1

KuAl'~4( I'2.'; ~1'a.):.

KiA. Af =: 1.(1.1, f1"') :::??"D pr'"

;- 00 ff-"

to L.UM t-J. t 3
LOW...,tJ
~'t

~&.I,Af:::4 (r;,off):: l,'lQ(J ~

Page

2 ..5

P2.6. The uniformly distributed live load on the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is 60 lb/ft", Establish the .loading for members (a) floor beam B I, (b) girder G I. and (c) girder G2. Consider the live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.

cp
@--I
GI

cp
I
G2 B2

I1

@-I
BI

I1
@

12

10' -,.'

10' = 20'

©-I
~30'

I
I P2.4

C3

IJ

25,___j

V.al\les OF AT ~

~.=2.~+_Us.tL.Sif.rlFffied:::=-fQa:'hn~

ev.. lI.l_a+t..d_ Jf'i'-

(b.)LOAPiNi --:fi,r: H 1: .~'~parrs=-ICic1T~

4:';SW~l£

3o£:LhdMLs1).
__ . _.
B1 ALLOWeD _ ,"rLoH iSE.,H
c

!(Lt.;A-r ;:: '2. x 150.IZ_300.~_~

"':"_No ~€'blJc.no~

___c."MPUTE

'Ku,c_"·!ON

9.J£

.1;2 *

'#.I+"'><IQ

~OOlVFr

J '~-

ao'

tR"'l4ps
Fl!0l"t~ I

bc.4l) 'to ~ ~a:-"t:t:t-

,JqkrpS

At- zo'
~ABt..is.1L.Lo~~
~u..~~.OF

~
fuR '=12 wrtlc.il ~u"PP02J5

__ 5· ~"'D 2

KL-t:.4-=-2

~f~%: +-2%J :: "55Dfi ~400

1000

sd

AT ITS.CE.~.rtR.

~=-".O_(~3:: ~i~0~=~~~~Jb/~~--.
.-L /V£t:l5Af¥'·~r:i 53;.4;~lCf -=- .l.LS341?1p¥FT .

e:;#l C.!~+
We:: 0.534-

~Fr

W - O.534-WI"T

&<3( :: Ro.

~:2.=,.~7~k

Page

2 -(p

P2.7. The elevation associated with the floor plan in Figure P2.4 is shown in Figure P2.7. Assume a live load of 60 lb/ft? on all three floors. Calculate the axial forces produced by the live load in column B2 in the third and first stories. Consider any live load reduction if permitted by the ASCE standard.

rp
@-I
01

<p

I I

II
"11

II
~

II
P2.7

1 g
s
@I

@--I

1
BI

..,
@--I

I,L,,,, I: Ii I
I I-.
C3 I.....l. 2S.~

cp

_j

1
1...-30'

1 I
I P2.4

12 rO'=20'

30,_ ..... 1_ 2y----l

Co.JtlPUT e. 'tH~ L' VE LOAl:> ~eRCE..s ll-l CO\...UM\\ 82 I a...\

P 2 .+

®WL:tit

'" e l).,/FrZ

iIJ-l!>.$J

-r'

,-"',.." •. I

._._. _

AT P_-{ Qj. + 1.i}2-e-'=-:22e£t~ ..__ _ .2.... _ __ ._...... ... .__ _ ....

1<Ll..

AT

= 4)( 500 =
~o-tCl.ZS-

-3-Rl>-~+or;y
.W,;::,WL. [0.25

2,2.00 ..~ ~e:duGe ...

ft'2. > 400H

VJ
L

~:

=
SIJJC.e:

.... 15 {~AT

J
:J
1:

1"5:1::
"''2'2.0.0

3l\.j9~

.r' ~ W AT'::; S4.1 " L9 ~ 1.. ST .$to

a4.1~>o,t;WLc8D,
(000

US<: 34.19pt

"'1

t8.'S"tl<f:'

C'-OLU.Mf.1

6Upports ~ FLoo'R..S \<' LLAr - 4{55Dx~) =: {." 00 ft2.

(.
..'13'Ii~ )

r, ~eJuc.e VJ t,

food 6n.1c.e:. 2'.08>,4 (~JU~~

" (4

w:;
p-._

~OLO.25"

1.'5

J :::' 2".O~ef
'2.(p.O~p£

'vi AT:::

'1. ~.C>~ (3 x. ?~

4'3.00

k IpS

Page

Z. -7

P2.S. A five-story building is shown in Figure P2.8. Following the ASCE standard, the wind pressure along the height on the windward side has been established as shown in Figure P2.8(c). (a) Considering the windward pressure in the east-west direction, use the tributary area concept to compute the resultant wind force at each floor level. (b) Compute the horizontal base shear and the overturning moment of the building.

cp ®--

cp

Cf

cp

11
o
M

~
;...

r
"

...
@;

" i:1

<> -c

20

l_

..,
®

l_

:.,______

25"
(a)

= 100' -----1
P2.8

wind pressures in lblft2

(b) (c)

P2.S

c:tJ!&~ulan~

W't\c{

rorc.e.s
IC.<J~

5t-loor
(o.=>
-I"

2:Oo.f

i'20~rL~
1 t.0

= \OJ~OO Jb
2.1,1.0.0

pst. C. 1'2..JC" ')0) p:sf(.2.K9c)

lb

-+--5

.~
'Ii

"
II

+
~
! Z,

--~~
rl

.o.,~
n.1\(

j20'jJ(2x9D)+ II}(JOJC~"JT,loo.lb i.~fteiot'_j 15p$r(rolC~ + 1'3~ Jl~.'S/8eolS,

~FtQH'>

:rt +I~r b.)

11"3

Ie

J4JO~

lb

''j·t''

14JS4-k

"h1klt.O~T~ tA~i "HeAIt %~~ A-r e~ lot-veL ~ 11I•• It... ZI.~Ic.+ 11.11c.+ ".IIL "'14.~4L,

v__~

.'"

'I<'

V_~e"

7'.~~
t)+

t1V81C1'U1Ul ltolA M" .... et=lr OF 1lfe.

'UlIPIM4 =-l1.FfJffa9~LtYf.lox

"'1~J.I1.A~ lQ.• k (

,,,}+ 2I./'(...... r7.l (," >.fo

=

~e)

1'j.Jk(~+t) ... t+.I.tJr{l2')

MIriJt'nIAI,*s 2,Mt"«

Page

2... 8

P2.9. The dimensions of a 9-m-high warehouse are shown in Figure P2.9. The windward and leeward wind pressure profiles in the long direction of the warehouse are also shown. Establish the wind forces based on the following information: basic wind speed = 40 mis, wind exposure category = C, Kd ::c 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and -0.2 for leeward wall. Use the K, values listed in Table 2.4. What is the total wind force acting in the long direction of the warehouse?

VSE.:t ...j.

- 0 Id"jl.,YZ .. O. (, 13tltlJ)
'l.

-~..::..cr"I
~... = O~4.(..m:
4..It.-G...I

:;L.; EO.'l o/d-

(Ii~

2 4b)

.__

kl;

K Bt; Kd:

:rto.1t;C~K~ttXo.e5)-=-S33.1-k'D
~i!::=

me

~r= D£J

83S;i(a.SS)

= 70e.Gr~w.
It/rill.

(o.. qO~SO'~~2

".l.".l.f..m:

1-:::.e- '3~:7.(o.~4)_.:- -7~ 7S~

a,]~o·~F~8L1.'
C£C(.2:i)

1.(. .. ~rn:
1---__

~;a'=

40

m·-I

:s:m... nlE ~ttJDIKl-

(nOI [0 scale)

P2.9

P"':~
~

:1 ~-cf"

4-Cf>.;;; .. _o._l!t5.{~;;._.o.loA

C'l G.g~i!-

4&1.5:N~4:-c;;-um fL';;_-__ ?I Q 2.=W..m~ ~.r-=::1.:GiPnL·.p:=- ?32.q=~J<J;fn*0- 4

,m

p_

_"1..G.=.~_9:.:tt:l
TOTAl

"P.....SC;?(,1;;17rn.~
I

WIYPEl\pcC

~·ltttrlilQl.lP!j2:P

UobtI:y:o

f:'" '" 46\.~X-~1'-+-;'o.

fOR CEtWAIi!D

2".O·S:x.2QJ

-:-.--·F;~2.9~5,ii;oli:·5~'I{, :[['4x2tSJ F..,-=- 91 \ 60 tJ

WJttI:. •. )~-- . i

P ""ih:4Cf'--::;-~h (~~Q

-~it~~~=at~-::;: - B17. t.:w.m.'l:.~~~

p =- 811.1 ~~;t:.=cr~)3.-~136.'-N./m'l
'JlII7!L_~~~1~

WALL.

-Ji.;;; t7:(ri.-'?JA.-t'3.~.I1):s_
TCifAL Ec&t:E: ..-';I'_FwT E\,... __

~5~003J,l

itt.

= ~1,\!10~+.tS,Od.3

lit" lfi,.?)..l
.'5.AM.e

~o_-r:ij':_1i....hM.D __~--.k:t1tt . DiRr.ctrQ~-

Page

2 ·9

P2.10. The dimensions of a gabled building are shown In Figure P2.lOa. The external pressures for the wind load perpendicular to the ridge of the building are shown in Figure P2.lOb. Note that the wind pressure can act toward or away from the windward roof surface. For the particular building dimensions given, the Cp value for the roof based on the ASCE standard can be determined from Table P2.1O, where plus and minus signs signify pressures acting toward and away from the surfaces, respectively. Where two values of Cp are listed, this indicates that the windward roof slope is subjected to either

positive or negative pressures, and the roof structure should be designed for both loading conditions. The ASCE standard permits linear interpolation for the value of the inclined angle of roof 8. But interpolation should only be carried out between values of the same sign. Establish the wind pressures on the building when positive pressure acts on the windward roof. Use the following data: basic wind speed = 100 mi/h, wind exposure category = B, Kd = 0.85, K" = 1.0, G = 0.85, and Cp = 0.8 for windward wall and -0.2 for leeward wall.

(b)

P2.10
(a)

·I···!.~~·~··~~·:~~·····--·--············--·········-··_
Roof Pressure Coefficient Cp
10 15 -0.9-0.7 20 -0.4 0.0 Windward 25 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.2

_
35

45 0.0 0.4

__
2:60 0.018* 10 -0.5

_ _.._._.
Leeward 15 -0.5

__ -.-. ..
2:20 -0.6

*6 defined in Fig. P2.10

30

-0.2 03

q.i!:; ~!.
O-l~-;'_~
1

kl KZ~

kcL

is -

2.S.--<' ..(.iXO.S7)(1){o.a;)n J2.~!.bj£+?. 14.34

l5~J(.; ~!i
~~~ ~I=

== 13. 4~ \b/ -4 Z

_h::2A-~j~e;

Ib/H'

I~

-I
(tor

~D-P.u~l2£.

..9f.l -WINDWA&O W6lLt ~= 12.46..:. O.S5lCCl."lO

I5P9f

_.MEAbl..ll.Oo"liE.14HT,

EL=.:tan-:-I(7t,):;

h;:;:: '2.4++
3;.lIJ9°

TA\'.1~2Jc)

WA\.h...0-1'5 WALe
I

= ,~e Gt C£

CobIsloE.R

.QN..8,.Q-<>E? r.e. Is+'+ :il<k.

"Po5,+.lvE WINtlWARI>

f'R.ES~U~E

I~ ~{(I ..

u.cra.Rp~·tE:. \a..l TAtill..£P2.(b --.C..p....;:..__(l'L + (3S.C.~-30)xO.\ Cp

.£.RoM TABLE

~)
.v

= O•.213~

(35'-30)

p = 14.3~ x. o.~5x.o.7.13~ P 3 3A.p5f' ~

P $!.)~.i~.x.O.1l5 )r.O.~..~.\1r:f'

p= a.. ~~~

C.l<:ooFUL,.'{.J O
OF

'r<~ = o. ~1,
n =0.,"40,

~:4(5EE p4~
0 -lS'
)l:""_ -;:>

l£lI.:r)
F~
FoR
wAL.L-

2.01

l' =
1 ~.,::.

~" ~ Cp

= o. '"')
0.14, ~t-;;.LO> ~~Cl'2.~C.V~
~~...o()2.5

"1.0'-25' Se'-'32.' O.S5)

h :024 ;
Foii
WA'-'-

= O •...,O)~S'-30'
\(d-

c._p::

-c., I=ou.w __,-p

p

1~='4:~Celb/-4=.1'%
'" 0./4. f'otz. ~

:r.,..:1.
'L

:3

14.34 <..O.~SX:0.'2.) 2. 4:4lb/~~.-

~0°ot-

(E4..~~2S.G.

~e12.oof'

r= 14.-;(. (o.~4J,)_ 0.,> ~_~1.3.2Ib41~(:!f'ltl)

Ib/f+

Page----=2:__..~1 _ 0

P2.11. Establish the wind pressures on the building in Problem P2.10 when the windward roof is subjected to an uplift wind force.

(0)

(b)

·I ~~i;:~~~·;·· ·.... ·c~ffi~i;~t··c:·· ..

Windward Angle 9 C, 10 -0.9 15 -0.7 20 -0.4 0.0 25 -0.3 0.2 30 -0.2 0.2

P2.10

· - ··· · ~;·~~:;·;~·~~·.·~7······ .. ···· .. ..

Le_ard

-0.2
0.3

35

45 0.0 0.4

2:60 0.019a

10

-0..5

15 -0.5

2:20

-0.6

~E.
WIt- !t>~R

.$.c.E P '2...\0 .. ~~LJJ'nC"JoJ C.. R.o.o:r1~4-..l.t' lye .ass.ua~ .

.e -

33.1°
0

I.n+erpo late' b£+weer) , 30~.ahd.35

:£M. ~~_jic.

__ C.p

value

In

rabl~P 2.10

P".::
~E:

':}h·4·Cps_2l.740.(a .. .,) OJ5("O.,14) c

c.p =-

-0. 'l14-

= - 3.~'f Ih/..f..f~L1''f\PtJ) Wmdpr.e.s~ vrc.S .... .tL 6!h~ C

.3 sur-F ac.d

p 2.10

.are ~

~.grnc d:i to

Page

2 ..11

P2.t2. (a) Determine the wind pressure distribution on the four sides of the lO-story hOSPllW shown in Figure P2.12. The building is located near the Georgia coast where the wind velocity contour map in Figure 2.l5 of the text specifies a design wind speed of 140 mph. The building, located on level flat ground, is classified as stiff because its natural period is less than 1 s. On the windward side, evaluate the magnitude of the wind pressure every 35 ft in the vertical direction. (b) Assuming the wind pressure on the windward side varies linearly between the 35-fl intervals, determine the total wind force on the building in the direction of the wind. Include the negative pressure on the leeward side.
P2.12

J
'-f#llW ..',§,~,tNE-:OKFllE=.mu.j2-_ l
I

140'

~9.MPU=YC.

YAR-JA"TION

.~'WJ»D

:::E.«~~.(.l.~~W.A&P

~ z:::GL. .:

~~. =-~'lSi~l<i~-_:EQ:

p.:z:-~Gt-,:ii.,4~'Stt;5$tsX:-:-:D.-r)

--t->,=_o._ClO"2..5lo,V~ '-'2., fi~.2.A,a.. = O~OO:~5~'UM) __~_. __,

p = - 4g.-:S-G:~

V='Se;fllo"ps.r;"Rouncl,-t4-~~
'I ... I.T?·+or

l<ai: = i ; ka--.(},.-@S
K ~,,' ~-r.:;;-"l '=D,

hosp ;+a15"
''''-''4=: . 1:'A'D:C__ -",*. .I"I~ _,~

.¥AraAtIOJr'llEwfW\
.

P&ESSUR!!"OlJ

WIU:QWARU~.::AIm_~~.51nU,

~~~
-'t il ~
0::.

~r~·t:H121:1'E.

..
I

. .. . ~. , , ~ _.
~... •

.3..l--'e

-'

li=-4:-s:.:o3:k~
OM

till -.-o.+t·I.5:\(·I-/,- ')'1"'( Q'....o:"\--"~ !J.-l'ii .,. .u..... t.

<1>.

....

,. .
•

pa't!L-~WlJ.,IbJ'U:~~~~p~~6:F,C

Wrm>-yu;;qn"'..'F'AC

·F-:;·<:i%:~c.," .,;49.0Sk',!~,CP
w_behl.(1= o ..es f'ar:,natur~tper(od (ct4p~ than .:L-~-Ec.
~'co'Kp.~,:f:t£:ro,rAL~W~·~·F.d~ ~.

-c p-~O.s_on~w_urA:wa~-"5i~,

ft~L*

:;2.

.. A~oa[~1= + ..

1000

2.~4lkIps~

P-~ AwrriCO=:&s)VXB!~;; 33:~g_5,4ke

.F.z.JiCA~Q3~:+:4'L"~t~S~..:L40:::J=2..S9..l:>2k, Z 1000

~. 44 ~3:~1~=-2314~"24k--

E4 ='"
~~WW-D'~'-O/.lCE_2-

3 '~b~ . + 34-.'34. (.35:.1;;( ",q:"'J::"Z:P'T.."'3SK 'Z. L \000 J .'.

P:4"iiq-cr::j~~~~K~t~'{_'AT
Cp

-..0..5'

(l~':').0>.5(1.52.)= 7~~ 4

TOTAL W'MI> FoRGe. -

.p::~,:L4~?(O'Li"c;... n:;':iS~O.8~,~O ..5) ? = - 3J..k.& fSf' NJs..,

=-+-'--S,.

L~-±.f;-,tJ5.-+.~,
11kl~

..

Page.---=Z=-..~I2.::.._

Consider the five-story building shown in Figure P2.8. The average weights of the floor and roof are 90 Ib/ft2 and 70 Ib/ft2, respectively. The values of SDS and SDI are equal to 0.9g and O.4g, respectively. Since steel moment frames are used in the north-south direction to resist the seismic forces, the value of R equals 8. Compute the seismic base shear V. Then distribute the base shear along the height of the building.

n.13.

~~--._--._--~--~

I--- 4 @ 25''" 100,---1

(a)

P2.8

2 u
0

r
L

2D

'" 8 ...,

(b)

V=

.$1>\

W
(38JO)

P2.8

l" (R./,t)

!a.

gA

0.75(871)

= '2.158. kIps

VrMX;=

SRi!- ..::~a7Q)., ;

~~ !l3?-·kip~
~--=
O.044-1--~·'St:S·W ~.D:rr.l~~~O+
~Ef<'tu:..

~.l5?> r.K{~USE.V=-.2~_
2-

k::c:±::±:$ M--.w:::::W::25: ~=

'.Vxb~

~n L.. i-1 Wt

ht

Page

2. -13

P2.14. (a) A two-story hospital facility shown in Figure P2.l4 is being designed in New York with a basic wind speed of 90 milh and wind exposure D. The importance factor I is 1.15 and K, = 1.0. Use the simplified procedure to determine the design wind load. base shear. and building overturning moment. (b) Use the equivalent lateral force procedure to determine the seismic base shear and overturning moment. The facility. with an average weight of 90 lb/ff for both the floor and roof. is to be designed for the following seismic factors: 50S = 0.27 g and 501 = 0.06g; reinforced concrete frames with an R value of 8 are to be used. The importance factor I is 1.5. (c) Do wind forces or seismic forces govern the strength design of the building?

P2.14

(4':') ~ ItJO ~ ~11JD.l

~lt;1l1

AC

W 1t.1~ l.ftt, 'f)..fJt,t 'l.~ I-1tJ.H RqqP: "~IIIHf:~'

~ I~f'l::f fl~t? P!t1~J.PVF! ~ 1'1Cf"*~ kat 1. ~5()

r.:. ~

~:: 1~It"b)l.IS&l':t.~09f\"

Re'IIl ..'1').~"1 ~~2

VIS1"~~~~
ct.:.

}of ~

t.ev~L.-; HHet~

11.1(IQQ') = (0' i 0.'" (~D')~ It'i ~' A.: to' tOtl1MI.~ ~ "Z~: '1.0' RfttIOW@

f=Ro'F:

ZO!-Jf ZOWE:

@ ~ ('2... +4~"') '2~"'tI::: .,. (,i'" @ : ~'(lb.'SrtF)&a;A&lDC :: '.1&""

!l'

lC7t-.lf.

®:

ION!

@:

1~'{'Zi.~f'SF)tc1Ao~D= 7.~~k 1~(t,.1flSf)!Oi'1"" ~ 19.t;/I'"

f t.~

~t.1''''t-.l1'

::

t".&,k.

ovtlr:1'\Jf'NUJt; YtQ..-1e~1" .....D.'f. =I.F: h.. MD.t.=- l''J.4S;''('O') of- 2~.g.9k(1~·):: 'o~.~rr·J(.

Page

2. -14a.

(~) 6el~~lt

l.O~~ ~y e@lVAJ.-ttJr l.-"1~f(.41,fe'f(te f'Kp~ep"'p;e 41\le I.J: W :::9t7f'$F F1A10ft~ RP~f i ?f7~~().1.1, '7P1=o.d",i p::J ,"1:1.7" J

~e

~Hf.I\~

'\'I

WH~tte

v.~

T(F\I%)
14P.P::

~PI

14 1£11~1,lSt.l1~1t-ltt ~
H~F ~

W' "-til
HJrJ

~or~F(lQO')t:: C3QOIL :;:9 Q ~F (lOOI)'L~ 9qQk.

r.t-r h~ :::.a ,-+-t ~v.

'1::G1. Ol~

W ... 1J.... D

:; Ittlotc.

x::. 0.9
h = -,0'

~I~F· to~e1J

I'IV+e
II

..

"
:; aas» 1J

~IW?I NA HelArl1 l&oolC.

CQ",",ML.~ OJ

V"A~ ~a.au V MAX.:'

(o:~z"ec.) ~.~)

::s'.t~
fk

~"4}~ R/'l.

a.Z7{l8t10'"
(&/15)

.sao;lW:,1.

V 111~~::' a,t7# ~ 1W Ao."4-4-{o.t7)(1.~)(lSOOtr.) :; o. OI7&W' s: ~t.1 k ~vel, f)(:::~Wth,k VeMe W~~ V~;".l~ ~hr
,I

1", o. r; ~e~. THLA~ ~ ~ I.e?

I-ol)(h)l~ikk
Q.

L..ev~J.,..
Rc1df
~~

14;'
~OOk
~QOI'

h.t
~I

w~h''''
t700rJ

IC;'

. .~,

I~r;"t?

q.~'~

""1

f11K&~8 iA. L-~~L:

Ff(t1(1p 3'.511:

F2t!f'

..

('1.76 ...
Ie.

ave.R1"Vrlfo..lIHA "",,OME~f ~D.1". :zF", hi .."~.....:. ~~."k.C~"')-tl~.1"k(Lr;')-;. I 411.4- Fr·i'.

Page

2....14b

P2.1S. When a moment frame does not exceed 12 stories in height and the story height is at least 10 ft, the ASCE standard provides a simpler expression to compute the approximate fundamental period: T

where N = number of stories. Recompute T with the above expression and compare it with that obtained from Problem P2.13. Which method produces a larger seismic base shear?

O.IN

T-=- O.IN N"" 5 r,

T::: O,S

~eCONCS

n+e ~1~f'L.~JI:.
yA-~ve

(7,.

'He

,ltrrKcXI ~

~~Q~

r~e-S"

~It

~HeA~.

Page

l ... S I

FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3rd Edition
Kenneth M. Leet, Chia-Ming Uang and Anne M. Gilbert

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

CHAPTER 3: STATICS OF STRUCTURESREACTIONS

P3.1

Determine the reactions for the structure.

I.-- 4'

5'-+-P3.1

4,__J

+ --

t ~7_::'~tf..J,_d"£t~~,€~ _
Ay:: e.~2tc.'t

Page

~ ...t

P3.2

Determme the reactions for the structure.

P3.2

-t--G
Sf .j

1~1"f." fI rJ

~&k
F

',,~
~I

1~

"

ZMA=Oi
ISf1""...

ei'-( r;') + ~k(4') -c'( (I 0') ::0

t.y~ e. ?k.t
+1 ~F'(
:; (Ji

-6"' ...~k. !- I. ~t 4- A'( .0 Ay:. cs.r;~ t

Ax==O

Page

3... 2.

P3.3

Determine the reactions for the structure.

P3.3

He.?~ l~ 1W(4~)+0~r"r\) = 0 .... 2

~~.=._~..24.kN./

R~;::. ~6y. =-~. _._.

3 ~

·:-&k= \ ,~tJ

; ~8!j:' 14~N' ~

0\0-

... t~·r.:;--:-.~.,.,,
J.A

Y.

.1:V,

-l··J_A.ftII

_. Ax

~T:.

...

&4.·+.kN

+A y.,--,O -"

~-O·

....

Page

"3 "'3

P3.4

Determine the reactions for the structure,

10'

j
I..3' i 12'--001

P3.4

~~~r'lapo
10'

~;":":"' _ --l(,..---r--r-~. \J.)= tJ~ _

k4:4

1
--..+ Z~.-O·r

'=- -

AK

-0

A..... ~~..._ =r
O·

.... O· rA , U;~

,-';';1"7' -

A1:: t2.

k~f

C"%f.tA.O-;'12~-S";~'~:CitK.(lo)

-M,,= 0

.----: M-A~·=·114 .... ;f·:-.(:"+- L:t . k

Page

3.. 4

P3.5

Determine the reactions for the structure.

w ",4 kips/ft 15 kips

P3.S

Ii

!'S

n
.

t--l~----+~?t---t.,._
/"'}+
rnA:i

RA't

OJ

+ 1%:~Fy..:_Q;COMPOTE-

R.£y_=- ..g_;~2P~p-f
k _

1"5';IS~'+-d)C\2'-f{i:y2.~!I:!O

J,Ay ~.RE7-4a~~ 0
~~ r;:

'4S

Re.y =-

12.'15

~1

,l)

-R~-:

R'~~i

OF

-c.o-~4S~t>ER. I='RIaE.Bo't>,(

C..

4'

2,*k,rs-

C-tt- I
r)+

Cy

tM~ILO;'_

2 4'" ~.. ~x.1f, - -0~.1c..7 ~

A"~

'
4-

-gS ... lS)( ''2:: 0

Bt:JC: =-

-,:CDJI\PUTE .. RJrX j ~ f"J(. ::: 0 _

--t;.+

6£.£
(TOP _F~)

'""'RAx, -\- l'5 - ~e,,- ::: 0

tc.

-~x.

C"

If\.lC.,IC_ tsk;:a 3.1'-'1

k,~ ....

Page

3 -5

P3.6

Determine the reactions for the structure.

D'

12'

i--- 9'--+--1O'--J
P3.6

Dx ..._.

~~--~~'--~--~'Q~. '--~~
-t::)

(~MA-==O;

~,(('2+(D.xI4--~(tGf)eo
I '2. q.. 2.

1)1 ~
-4-

~f >.

t
0 :. 0"

t ~"F1

=-

bj
Ie

t(.:~") +l~q ..Z _, :

'S.D 2..t"
~

RA
~ L r><
=:.

~r~ /

0 :>

(-3,O'~)-

Dx + g::

Page

?> -G:J

P3.7. The support at A prevents rotation and horizontal displacement, but permits vertical displacement. The shear plate at B is assumed to act as a hinge. Determine the moment at A and the reactions at C and D.

4m

__J.._

6m

---I

P3.7

f~~e1111",(, 0/

t1gM &e;1I:. "'1..":

~ 3~

+ __.. 2.~. +

.1.9""
.

JFg
0
kN

0J

12'Uc-;:
r

(Z-MeaO-;.-_ ... I\A- ~A.3m-o ~

..

¥+

= 1.2..J&_m.
XN

f.LK,
F~e,W(
H6M~

c.o-i... _..4o

o+ ~

"eo":

Of

~.:

= 4-k'i t

Q_

__ %:,.jM_.a;DQ-~_ .O_~ -~~(U~r~""-Rc·G,m- 2. kJ)·_'

4

n+

'R~
- ~t!.

Rt>

;:."'4:; -r ok" ·f -r

..

5"..

Fy=-O---;

---:=-.~

_ 4-iCN..

±-Rc_ -~ J~D.~.9._._

.... -

~~t4L=~
\<I.) ::;'

1?l)

Page

3-7

P3.8 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.

* II 1
10'
20'

i
1r
-zd

'---40' --------.< P3.B

Je \L

-1 b "f

J; J J.

J"

,L J

\l 0,4- JtIft
'0'
'20'

40'

~HA = 0)
+

-t-

Aj

£1
t

,
(~O)=

E7::

(/.('2. O)-t- 6"(2b)-F"j

11

~\f

~F1

Page

3,e

P3.9 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.
9 kips/ft

J
J- 4' __j.._
6' 6'

8'

_j

P3.9

Ay

~ "f-

4!

• ~.

'_J
0:

=i!!=~=-D
201(

D,.. I~k

E~eeL'OI?1' I7lM~'" ~"f

111: ~I~

....

'% rr.y

:;r

0;

Page

3-9

P3.10 Determine the reactions for the structure. All dimensions are measured from the centerlines of members.
9 kipslft P

= 15 kips

C~'-

-8'-_4' P3.10

.. '

A'f
4-'
Q

~r-t.r<1

!o(4")+S4(16)+'S(!.4

1 )-

U;'Cr:o(1

Zfic &0;

..:t. .

C:petSl-t 1-5 - A'tC e (J

...tlFr"i

Ay-fO-S4-+ 6\ .~ ..15 =a

4l
~M&~~'

54-CES)+IS(ril)-Drlll.)I:O

'tfI~Oi
:ff.:()i

fiy -tS(,-54--)5 .. q

",..~f
&t&t~t
~·d

Page

3 -1c9

P3.11. Determine all reactions. The pin joint at C can be treated as a hinge.

4m

r
1-..-3m

36 k:N

36kN/m

2m__"""_-6m-P3.11

Page

3-11

P3.12. Determine all reactions. The pin joint at D acts as a hinge.

12 kN

P3.12

....... ---

4@

.3 m---'-'

Rety

e-tJ"l ~'i ~ICVt.""V tf :

~ .. n~li'::

3;-

tor F'f=~j
Fk~t ~t"Y

---~6Y

Il:2.", - ~ 6yl~=O == q
\2~O :. &Al";:

RA"f -

1'2..kw
i

I7IAA~M 1-I1~46

Kl~J.H' ~It;e. "~INA~

~c:r---

-1

__

"2: fit p;;

/"),+

6;-~ -~-0 ~ ~"")

--=~le""('2.""t-t
- _-R~_:~

..... -klJ ~

=0

--P

Page 3-12.

P3.13. Determine the reactions at all supports and the force transmitted through the hinge at C.

hinge

6m

-----1-

4m

---J._

4 m ~P3.13

8 m ____.J

Page 3 ...3 l

P3.14. Determine the reactions at supports A, C, and E.

8kN/m ~ 40kN

,:fFW~c
1----6m 6m P3.14 I

~)
4m~4m---l

1~
I
A

mf~OPl' PlM~101 M~
~21t.N +~~jM

1<&

i:.~e>=O j

!A~~~ t
e
F~E~~P( PtM~~

-l~~(ZM)+Ay(~r')\) AV=- 4-1411

=0

Me~

AD

==<==:)~.

a...elUl/Mi'

I.Mp:;O,.
-4f>~(6r"'1)'" 4kJ1(1UM)+ t'«(4~) =0
t.V'=' 80 Ic:.tJ

A+

~~~~==~~~~==E~IME
7-~~~~~~~~~

~ E.t~~t4J t
.£e,E:::;(/

~ + &olQ.l+ ~y- 4~jqJ ....4,,~:;:;()

4m

e.'(

~(101\-\) 1" 9C7~{ &",,)-4~~(1~~) -40 jQJ(4t\1\) + M6 ::0

Me~ltl~·l\1~

Page

3-14

P3.1S. Determine all reactions. Joint C can be assumed to act as a hinge.

6 kips 6 kips 6 kips 6 kips

k
~::._--..~-.......tc~-...q
..... -1 -

Eo

~k I
..

.1-

,,'

..

P3.15

Z;~--Oi~~~

-+

~L-S_·

=-O--------~M~·-t ~.

~~ "'VI'

VlAAAAto1
4~

J..eFr Of
,~

'I" ,,,:
4-K
~'

~S

~_ Cx =

riAl<" 4~Y

4·I5'i-lRA~.
~.J..

~.f

1 S'

tf{H

l'

.:LM.e=:-::-OT .... _l:~ ~

~

Y 4" "--~(:l:!::-_:,~(iEO

BA1f .:;

4·5.ikips ~

..z.fj(":Io

¢~~:::o

lX:I 4k,ps"'_.

~~_-_OJ._(t!_)._~_4_('-_~_I~_'_-~...:.F~'t_\~_t'._:.C = 9klps ~E)'

11+

RFi

Page

3 ...1?

P3.16. Determine all reactions. The uniform load on all girders extends to the centerlines of the columns.
w=4kN/m

1---(not

12 m ---01
[0

scale)

P3.16

4 JcJI/rn

T
1:)

R=l2..

4,"

~m

~4

J;~'1i'-Oi

/1.
I:~=Oj

15 .. '30 +30- ~A.X -f? K4)(= 71j.., ..... 30

~-<.tIit "3OlC.IO
Ray

+ l~xl~M

±:!!f:2;-xt,- ;t'1'~JC'," +
-f~

=0

4S'X'4

R 6'(
+

c: '~2..

'2. 5

\dl

t
01-

t rFy=Oj

_L'$_2 .• "l5

-b1.

RA"( = 3,.16

+,~ "4~
kM

KA'Y":.O

Page 3 ...11,

P3.17 Determine all reactions.

--5m P3.17

5m---i

40"11
4m

Sm

Sm

(%Me -0 - &.0 (6)-=- Dy to + ~ asokN' %.f1 ~O -A'l ~ Ey "'Dr - '0

1:;

E~ =

S?I.'33 "'~O-'30

E.) =

e~.~3k.N

Page 3"'17

P3.1S Determine all reactions.

1
75'

1---

150' -------1--

150' _

___;

P3.18

T
-rS'1

.... .n.JII_

Rex

ISO' ,';0' ....,,_-__....;_;:~__.~__;:....:...;:;;..._.....RC--(.12~

F rce.e,ppt tt' l~A ~M

~~

Hf I?f H I..u;~
.is

i':
•

z:. as._--,_ ..~ 0,

f1.+-

._
45b=O

-~
trIt ~--#&

"_r,'

~.~~lS:_-:_22
Ret...:.

4?o k,P!~

5( 1'5"~ 1.~'

:U;'Oi RA~ ~AI(.

~+

.l.,__

i...,.__
215'''

R~

= 4So

kir -+

Page 3-\f,

P3.19 Determine all reactions.

3m
I

I A
J

I-- 4 m ------01--

4 m ____.j..___

4m

P3.19

-+

\L H,A-

1<- X 3 -+

= 0 :>
2.

4-)(

+ o.. % R.p ( (, ) -

0,~ Rt> (12):'

Ro =
~Lf")( +
1-

7S- ~~./
-AXTI2-;-O,C(s(,.,!:»=O

~O)

/1,c.

J2 ~~..
z,

4!:-

tL. f, ·-=--0

'-+ + 0..6 ( .., ) = 0 r AX -= -~, ~~ t

j A 1Page

!>-19

P3.20 Detennine all reactions.

t~
10' 10' A D

I
16'

ro

.
,

B
IOtc

--+

r (,

'0

,._._A')(

20' P3.20

• Ai

1-

:2-0 '

T~~\M..ev....b.r
-t

~B

0<)

0.

d -+ Ax ('2.0) =:'0 ~ = ~ ~r~ ~ ~ z f')( =- 0 01 ..R",,+:y~ c;.+VWt~.Q~

-0)
-10)( I

e L Hg =t

a~

S\A 'W\

"\'V\ ~·W'.Q.v •.

:i 0.'0 0 "'~ B :

1¥.a2.-bJ1

10+ B,I

(s~Y\e') - S; -1)x

=- 0

,;t-~qIO."" I 1~
1£" ~
c. e:1'~"'(1~ ):;11.11
,,,

l '''.].' RatlA{f.o.~r&.)I,~ 'Dx =

0+

',bo..<l

5 ~ 6 ..b \c:ipS 4(X

~~~
a~

Be 0
<;u~

£<..e.a.4o.,( '\
B:
,

+ rIMs =-

~o~~o.&-

)
I /k -t-b..,=,X2-0

;J{)'

vv

"'~I&VJ."f

.,,,

A.

'

8"'0,( 10."2.
I"

-\)~

v
1.0'

t z Fj

1)1 =

2.. If.-~ s: U

f .;.

l'

('2.b'\:0 'J

01 ..Qv\'+;¥e
e')

s+-<""i-:

g" b ( c..eo

+ 2,.."" "\--- A 1 ~ 0
-=- t 0..~~

A1 :.

~,o 0

+ '2... \l..\f.

~r, ~

Page

3-20

P3.21. The roof truss is bolted to a reinforced masonry pier at A and connected to an elastomeric pad at C. The pad, which can apply vertical restraint in either direction but no horizontal restraint, can be treated as a roller. The support at A can be treated as a pin. Compute the reactions at supports A and C produced by the wind load.

I.- 3{)' _J._ IS'_..j.. IS·..j__

P3.21

30' ___J

Ax. - rl..~t1-8.~k=

0 Ax.:II 2 f. (. kips

-, 2. ~C:(IB) - 8.. +(I&)~

1-

C'I ~D'

'0. ~((.7.~ - 1l.:2.l22.r:s)= 0 C'1 =: r- O. '2.1 k~f~t

0."2.1 :. 0

~Fy=O;

A'f ... I G.. '2. -10. e, -

A'f

= -~./gK,PS t

Page

3 - ZI

P3ol2. The clip angle connecting the beam's web at A

to the column may be assumed equivalent to a pin support. Assume member BD acts as an axially loaded pinend compression strut. Compute the reactions at points

A andD.

P3.22

r~=;D.~

Z1.~ D -.L 1'2 JcI.4 I),- 2.

t~

'. 'D

e'

.1..

+' .f

841( •
1~.'2. kip:'

Ji~-:::. X ('2... = I.e.

r.l_
l ~~

CO"-l"5lCeR. SeA H
I

A 'Be:
4.

-LMA;;o .. ;_lQ."2.K(io,

8.4~e

- SFtr1~O

---~

..:;; 2-2.._~-ktt>Z!.f

Fs)(.. :;s(Fs\( =
4 3'

22:~).

l:FJ{.: 0

-~~ ....

__bSk.

%(22.~).::" 30.4- kJp~ ~

==

00.4 -

A)(. ..: Ax..:: 30.4ktps

A)' --+22. ~ - l C}.2 - S.4-'='''

A'( = 4.~.k.\.p;·f

Page__ 3:,._ .._Z2__ .. _

P3.23. Compute the reactions at supports A and G. and the force applied by the hinge to member AD.
40kN 20kN 20kN

.. ::-.

.;/

..

D
: "

.' .,.

hinge 14m

P3.23

Page

3-2~

P3.24. Compute all reactions.

2 Kipslft

!!ITIIIJII
8

1
E F oj

1 1 .t 1 c B (2'

r I II!
D

~~'"

"2.l'fft

E-

ir

12'

5'-oI1+-_

10' --011P3.24

5'-.1

,2'

r
T

t L F7 =-~
-lo-ro+'F,

0,\ lV-eQ.-hoJ'i
::..0 jc=.~f .!>.
;
$

I.

s" .~

-J.~

f~
PEf::

f.1

r1

-=-

2--0

~~Mp

=- 0
6 ..).5 '
~

lox 2.,5 - 2-0'"

+ tX'

(tl.) =-0

he:
~'S'\J...<N.

}::it> ~
~-\;·f.Q ~+'Y"'lMiuv..Q_ Cl-<3

~ iVJ2.Q._-\,o~'1.

4Lt:~:::-'"O

, Ax - b.'";).s
S
So

=-0

A~
t'LF1
A1
4-0

=- b-?-S ~!
= 0)
::."'2-<)

A') -4-0

;-'2-0

=- V

~l} f
MA :;:.. 0

+C~~A--

=-0 ;

x ,t? -"'2.. 0)( 2. 0 -

HA ::. 0
Page

I'-ip -ft

3-24

P3.25. The baseplates at the bottoms of the columns are connected to the foundations at points A and D by bolts and may be assumed to act as pin supports. Joint B is rigid. At C where the bottom flange of the girder is bolted to a cap plate welded to the end of the column, the joint can be assumed to act as a hinge (it has no significant capacity to transmit moment). Compute the reactions at A and D.

8 kips

P3.25

T 7~

%.1k=O;

::-+

Page

3"'Z5

P3.26. Draw free-body diagrams of column beam Be and joint B by passing cutting planes the rigid frame an infinitesimal distance above A and to the right and immediately below joint uate the internal forces on each free body.
8 kips

AB and through support B. Eval-

6"

6 kips 12"

;ftl:'(

:t:QMPutt. 'R.SAc:r'~lI'!S""--A'T
P3.26

~+

r..f*=-O.i-

~t~*._
{P

_c.~R..~.

:.2):&-

k,j's"_

+-f }:f'f -=-o_,X".,{,,"2..l<IWR- .(ro." ,) - S"~._

,: ~ = 21

kips

~MOMEJ..?~-c5.bo.o11=.

IM';!Oj
~~~~~

-.of-BA6E

A"I "',;--

_______

.!>,," + 13k)C.~

.."._._._ ..~._~-=U3J5.kp.~tf
ME~~~

~1a~W-..t~-~-~~

F~~BO

t1'f' 17L~tt~
21

fo1e~e ~ ~ •Atl

PIM~

·lJ&C-4Ji:'~"":

1.-,;;,4-.183=15
tfj

4'
li ,,,

t 15.5'

.Q.: "'. s:

.~~ II t2']:S)_±1L~S.~
__ ::;. "J 4-.4 S" ktp·..ft
I " ~.~ _ 14 ...Zs.±~~_ 1. ~B.~Jsif~
1

Page 3-2("

P3.27. The frame is composed of members connected by frictionless pins. Draw free-body diagrams of each member and determine the forces applied by the pins to the members.

2m

t-~
20kN

1 4m

•A

1.-2m_.;.....1 -4m~ P3.27

.~2fl~~'.~-"" NOIe.! eAR C I)t'50

.... :.A ~~d::.

M u.1 e'e'.R... •

..

_.--

c r.:;n..-~
2.

\0 ~

Fct> __..~~3.o<k!l
IMc.-O
·O;,r-

'2.2;;1G.

t'""f~

__
.~ _

€.)(2:::_~

_ ~'=3ek"",

C0l1P9n ~c:o;
~~O)

&,EAC]"

IQRS
10)((0",+ 20,,4-0'111:

- R6~+

4 ~-ro-k"f +
--~~t;;-10-~Or AY-70-1.0:0
j

~iQ~-AT- 9ot4li

~Zl1 "'tOrn

~we~~:
%. ~Oi
--c;.. J.

-.:;.-ro-·T~-tr;~.s4-)..±. Ex :I ()
2.23(.1'1"'\ _1.:;)(;::

30

klJ ..,·..."c.

t -E

Page 3 ..1-7

P3.28. The truss in Figure .P3.28 is composed of pinjointed members that carry only axial load. Determine the forces in members, a, b, and c by passing vertical section 1 I through the center of the truss.

1.--10'

.~--

12'-~'__-

IO'--------i

P3.28

9'

..a. .~
~

:0;

12

kipS -~Mt>"R.
r;_ (q):: ,S k\~

f..-1; fy =.0 f-'~li~..;.. :.0 =-.--:.~.-._ ¥b~'

Eb=' £ F:bB :. . a
..-

tJ)

...e _.J-

F"1t4-

M , .. 0· .. J

Fe. fj.f4-==-

-:Il;""e :. f;iOft'pr.:,

,Xx.9.

,I

-:~H"_C:>'';:''O ~

Page 3-2f?

P3.29. (a) in Figure P3.29 trusses 1 and 2 are stable elements that can be treated as rigid bodies. Compute all reactions. (b) Draw free-body diagrams of each trUISS and evaluate the forces applied to the trusses at joints C, B, and D.

r
15'
15'

t-

1 40'
_L_l
60 kips

1
I

ti.. 20' _J.._

20' _J.._ 20' P3.29 I

20'

20' _.;.._ 20' _.J

1: ES.V.

e ~~

~ ~"$ trJ'"
F ~. .....

n.~
Q %~~.

t F-,.,.
.

tl Fr(,!d"
2.41(

(2Otu)lut-lQecr~~""

f:~ t7, 1 ~U*

-::~: l
e
1IO{4d)-f6{(fJ()"

t.

f~". ~
fAh=S:~1(

~qv.
t?

Y'

ret
Fep: ~v.

!'ro1.,~G1;

r.a

fe'll :: Fe'_1'
T

eo- f ..IC=O.
el.11'I~

1:'

lMJ."d; ~4£tO)+(,c1(jO)+tO(lICr~(IOQ} -~~();:

,..

7-r~u.cn,~
{,t.:tS.""
()

Page 3-29

P3.30 Classify the structures in Figure P3.30. Indicate if stable or unstable. If unstable, indicate the reason. If the structure is stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate, J f indeterminate, specify the degree.
hinge

(a)

(b)

(e)

I
(d)
(e)

(f)

P3.30

tc...L.jo.cl-.Ci
(de)
D~nst,.h\e

lnciet ~o tb.)____d_ef;;:m,~ate
(£l..}

\oc1ei.

e:

2.0-,-.
20

~.) dc+em'l\-t.

(R<~+C.)

Page 3-30

P3.31 Classify the structures in Figure P3.31 Indicate if stable or unstable. If unstable, indicate the reason. If the structure is stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate. If indeterminate, specify the degree.
hinge

hinge

!.

!.

hinge

(e)

(a)

(b)

'
~'

".

hin,g,e ! . ,'ct,

hinge"",

!.

. ,··c,

I
(I)
(e)

(d)

P3.31

Page

5-31

P3.32. Practical application: A one-lane bridge consists of a 100in-thick, 16-ft-wide reinforced concrete slab supported on two steel girders spaced 10ft apart. The girders are 62 ft long and weigh 400 Ib/ft. The bridge is to be designed for a uniform live load of 700 Ib/ft acting over the entire length of the bridge. Determine the maximum reaction applied to an end support due to dead, live, and impact loads. The live load may be assumed to act along the centerline of the deck slab and divide equally between the two girders. Each concrete curb weighs 240 lb/ft and each rail 120 lb/ft. Stone concrete has a unit weight of 150 Ib/ft3• Assume an impact factor of 0.29.

'Q ~ 10

vA o£ BR,lDgY.fi__ .(T~k 2. .1)

::0

"slab
-;[

~: "":"""'::'~f'~
L..3" 1~... lO"--"4-3,__j
Section A·A

__wt

JNt

of...2. ~AILS§2ox2.:;:

.._.12___ - _ .. ._2-C..uRRaS .. "~.+o~ l. -=:.

\o"t~LII:

160lb#.xJD.!~,tlL-:;;.2.000

lh_-- ..Ib
lh.

+8:::>
240

~?2.oJb/-R

P3.32

l....aAD _To ~~~tIlDEQ

=~
~

/(,ps/;+ ..:;11.1~k;F-"
-.._--

\V-lj-A-.~f. ·511U)elt--._---...

~O.+'Yf1'
129
452

]Qi"C'Diifd
". L LJoL"""'_.,I.odJ_nl...l ,-,r 1 ·A~r-..·
.•

~i Q='11"')lff
'2

-r. inA:''''''''''--O:t :-1..J..N\r...cn-l ...: .... ~._ .

"Q

d.

klFi

J,"J,,_+~:.£5.'2 _ .....
'2.2.I'll<l~/fT

2.211..(b~'),,:: ~511

z.

kir~

Page

3 ..32.

P3.33. A timber member supported by three to a concrete frame has to carry the loads Figure P3.33. (a) Calculate the reactions at (b) Determine the axial forces in all links. each link is in compression or tension.

steel links shown in support A. Indicate if

P3.33

r:::~Ee ~p",.'11 H .5~ HEflIN"

~lON

Of.""

l'c:q ~

R~1'iotJ

~IN~ ;.l2.f Ia.f

(NWI.1AtJ1': '.125 "'Jet.')

.,~

tat - eFx
SF'(lU':'

~O

i
:. ~("lc1) t

e>rl( -::'20""""5Fy-:.
+ ("'2111.) i

~FJ( lQ'
~Fyf
(&') =0

tt At

SF.

&F)(2 -to

t?f~ 2.C}.7alt6t1PRe~l~
1'UE CIRk,
,It:: 1l1r..J.

'hi
l~
i

-BFy'(4-l) -Cf4

-21.k(41) _ ta (e') :
~ -lltr. r '2.1.'"

rtrkf~~'~
H'6 L.1t",)('.
l,..UJIr:, •

r;7S ....tA .. !SFy _7;IC:O

-7~" ':or;
Page ~ .."

pf: s ~t

1~H~I~~ It.l1\4e.

FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

3rd Edition
Kenneth M. Leet, Chia-Ming Uang, and Anne M. Gilbert

SOLUTIONS MANUAL

CHAPTER 4: TRUSSES

P4.1. Classify the trusses in Figure P4.! as stable or unstable. If stable, indicate if determinate or indeterminate, If indeterminate, indicate the degree of indeterminacy,

(a)

eel

(b)

(/1

(d)

P4.1

(gl

a.)

Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r:::";16) > (2n= 14) 2° Indetenninate Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r= 18) > (2n= 16) 2° Indetennjnate Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r= 10) = (2n 10)

b==ll r-5
IF'7

d.)

• b==14 r-4 n=8

e.)

Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints (b + r = 14) > (2n = 12) 2° Indeterminate Number ofbars Number of reactions Number of Joints

b==10 r=4
n=6

b.)

r=4 rr:=7 14)

b=1l

(b+r=15»(2n-=: 1° Indeterminate
f.) Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Joints

c.)

b=7
r=3

b=17
r=6

Geometrically Unstable. R.eactioas

n=5

(b + r= 23) > (2n= 22)

10 Indeterminate g.) Number of bars Number of reactions Number of Ioints

n=ll

constitute a concurrent

force system.

b=IO
r=4 14)

n=7

(b+r=

14)=(20=

Determinate

Page

4-1

P4.2. Classify the trusses in Figure P4.2 as stable or unstable. If stable. indicate if determinate or indeterminate. indeterminate. indicate the degree.

If

(a)

(b)

(e)

(d)

rr
(e)

P4.2

(j)

(g)

~tI:. ZE%

+ 11 f~
lC

=U
-=
·\loJt7e1".

lJI.l&{~~

cL)

,~
2

to ~1'~
I

ZoO ~e

.f:1TA0l,...e

c..
1-J!7

e,1!S x e.rr~
I

... f4- P_c s \1 UW I(JJd

~LJ"

...

tll

e'7e

-ff}l~L.t

I~.

t•

D.)

~ J'{...

I~ f%ou:, == I~ u~l<.)oJ.qlooJ X ~ JT~

z.~
e..)

-=

I~

e~e

&)

4 ~ ... I' eE~

~e-_:: 11 ULJ1(J..t,,~...s?
C!I .11"':' -:: If,

.x

e.;.e

?1'~~c...eI
4~ ... & F"~

t'er.
=fa U~XN.1loo-lJJ~

U~A~c...e
4-K+ ~

feo~ :::. ve'f.

,a

UJ.,I1o(~c1I" ..HJ?

2e,e
~ ,,~

)C

~.tr.., .. IZ ~
I

Z~
~1'A~

1- ,

JT"'= to

e.-;e

.!!!!.:
4fC.-t- U F~A:Il -:: I 0 U ...U()JQWJJ~ 2.~e ,. ~Sr~:: \0 ~

....;._-~/-

Ml"~f1Jil,..'(

~.

eer
U1(o

l~

L..liJ~1.Ae>l.8

it. 9B'1'e~ \J..1e

e>A~ fOfW!.<?, ~1oJ

MYI.:('

I.,IJW

r: @ lIN.

If.~'
Page

:i",~.J
4.. . 2

P4.3 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss,

Indicate tension or compression.

I-- 3m-!--l

m -I--P4.3

3m---l

E.rv\A=~.fti-.(r? kIJ X4~) +(2 0 k~)(q"') + ...

't+

JS~Ax. :::0 . Ax.:: \sk.U....-

1ffy~'Oj - Ay-~:4<f'_'2.o:~· ~.oAy = :lokr.J '"

1& 4o-k~t"r

F)(~m) ~

Page

4-.,"3

P4.4

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

11'

60 kips

1
e
-'"tS
L:>

P4.4

13

-""7.5

~~kIJ
1
I~'

&-- CJI f1...

Ar
_...._
OJ

91

~..

~I

.......

.._

tj--t

4.'2 k

64'( 5~ '"
,

_%MA:.:

'_('':-X')'J.-t-(f.0A9J- &l(ts')~ 0
6.1:= 5&k,ft;

A1-1~~ f.O~- 2~kT C? i':: 0

AX =.42

k,?S

Page

4-4

P4.S

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

20 kN 1--------

20 kN

5 @ 5 m = 25 m ------I

P4.S

-IS

~ lok~

1
t1.
t

1 5JIl

.zM~;
1!F'1- 0;

z.o ~ [O~·+.. 2.C)~:r5 -&1(. S2.ask~i

"'20x!

.+.'2.0 ~ a 5

"+-

\0

l(

5 - Rc!t'{ 2.oc.-O

~y .. 7.r; kN

i-52.S"tRA),=o

RA-X1I.

lok~ A-

Page

4-7

P4.6

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
36 Kips 36 Kips

I--- IS' ---1--

60 Kips

15' -I-P4.6

IS'

------+--

15' __j

1
D1A:O;
'ok(Ir;I)+ 3~k(~o')+ ~k(uot)
It)

.2.0'

... y'{~):; 0 D 9(::. C; 2'" f

"'f! Fy ::o ; At ...,01'_ ~(,k (

-4

...?J(,"

-+ q flc :::.0

~~4-o~t

Zfx=Oj

Ax::: 0

Page

4- .... (,

P4.7

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

1'4..7

'''.1$

- 22

e. E¥~ - ~.. .... J'.5k~ .-_ ._

Page

4-1

P4.8

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
B 30kN

1 1
6m

1---6m P4.8

6m'_!

,.._ . ._ 4,---r-__ _ _
C~:?o~

.,.-- l;oJ(N! lr;o~

.;

A~~~O
~

·1.:---l."",,..A"=\~___""""'c.-'f-:t:O-uJl
~~c.: 0;
flOtua( ~~)
... 30JQJ(~~)
~

..,.AY(flM) = 0

,JortJI ""'.:

,,4,:Ol<foI
~ol<ol

At"fa ~ 0 j(.N

-.!.tD....~ =0

~c,,'

~Fr:o;
-~O~+C'(
-lIOI<H

i'''p
.:::\.4FrU. J 01

llio"'"

Cy:: I r;OIQl

~r ", \'

Page

4-~

P4.9

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c

I--- 16'---!--16,____J
P4,9

-+

Page

4.. ~

P4.10 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

r~~~~~D
\

15'

t
P4.10

Z~A=O

/.tJ.

24ay.t1)+i4k(!t1)-4x(I-;#)= 0

&x

Co ,,~..,_

Ay ....14-k ...Z4~:O
Ay~ 4&"t

Page

4-10

P4.11 Determine the forces in an bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20 kips

1
15'

~~~~~DJ
10 kips

l-- IS' ----!- 15' ___j__

P4,11

15' __j

-10

Page

4-11

P4.12 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss.

Indicate tension or compression.
36 kips

24 lops

1
I-- 15' _15' ---t-IS'

20'

-----J.--

15' --1--

15'

_____j

P4.12

... 2fy=Dj 1

Cy-~4 (;1=

=0

(f. 2:M,,~oi

6~11pa._tttf."'t",.6 '0 B'(=~

4+~t
A X A 2.111:..1

-8'{(l")" 24"'(Jo')t 24~("D'1-Jflk(L~'):: 0

.vtz F1 =0 j

'1 t A'{ ...

k.

1(,1r. ....1~k. + 2.4.._, .. k

=e

P4.13 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
10

kips

IO

kips

10

kips

P4.13

,
8

>'"

Page 4 ... '3 1

,P4.14

Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
60 kips

~==LJlE=n~Q=::=:rill

-t
~-4@20'=80' P4.14

is:

---'eAy
F~e~O!7(

1'5

,
l

::o.30it

Eyt:'Ok

~Fr cPr ~lUrl(lN CD :

I.~c! =()j
• F%M

30"'(4Q') .. FIH(I~·) 0

rrDiiiiiiii;:::iiiliii~~f~

rXH ~ 6~ft. ~OMf'~'~ION

I"":t=Oj

41.

F~)( ~ tolt

~Ok(~9') .... &cx(~o'):. 0 F

1"!J.J~1"~

n"t;
!.~~::"i
41

Fk)(/ IJ.f'

:=.

Fetylie; ·

::.IS Ie

30k(tO')- 80k<30')+F%cJ«(~'::o
F:t(.~ ':.+"0 1C-1e....~IOIJ

Page

4"'1~

P4.15 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss.

Indicate tension or compression.

G

1
16'

-t
34 kips = RA

64 kips

30 KIps =RE 16' _____).__ 16' _J.__ P4.1S

I..-.. 16' __j__

16'---1

Page

4-15"

P4.16. Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Hint: If you have trouble computing bat forces, review K truss analysis in Example 4.6.

t
A

3 m----;T

3m

---r- 3
H

m~

1 3m

-t

1m

60kN

E~T~~~"

.!.'to

-eAts

l:5t+~ON

:51(_T~II)

:r::r

H~I 'tF} KD,

t La.
0

coMPuTe

REAc:noJ.lS: ~~MA ~
-

... ....l:.~ = 0;

"tXFy.Oi

(.OX~

... "!Ok~ .....

,0... -~ co--o "

A'1-~.O
30

~,o-..«(_0

t I.ML • 0:
c:.ot-\'PUr&

- :3Ox! -'Ox3'"

'1

FEr: - 30 k" ME'NcIb Of -:t.. NJ"

'Ot' -~r9ao-O

c.~~eK SOIl·.aT
30

30 -. ( I ,,_
30 0
~~. 0 0

-~J<
tJO
:.

30 30

JOINT 1M E'Q.OL

2. r'(e.

Page 4-11l

P4.17 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
D

8m P4.17

IOm---i

- t2.i.'JS

.%:M:~..~O...-r.~~.J.~_~.~ ...... ·,-rr-.. .:t. ~--7'-; 1'0 S )\., .. .tCI.L .~')(\(iI

~

"l-...

~'t.:

..1"OO :

.kil··

t·

....

11!lt- -0 jl;J..l4y-

£~-O;.
...ZFy::'Oj t

"0 .... 5+30-~K:=O 4

RAI(; -=
13 S'

kll ...,._

\Ot'''-N - ~

so

t\AY" laobl-1. 4-\7

Page

P4.18 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

I--- 20' --1---

20' -_-

20'

____j

P4.18

-Bl(to") + 81 =
'210
K

'0
+

(~O ") 4- "ok. (tD I) + 30"(40') = 0

4-

-Zlok.

_~Ok

... ~OA

Ay

=-0

AI":.

~()()141'

-Ax-t Ax

c"

0"

-:=

(.,o)c...,_

Page

4-\&

P4.19 Oetennine the forces in all bars of the truss.

Indicate tension or compression.

4m

look~

T
4m

~a\..~ c/:
1(,.", " . a
BE c..c.~e:
F=oRc:.e.s

X __
~

\l il~x
H

I-- 4 m

-.j.o--

m--l

P4.19

t t

.'C..C.1
,. tiE .IoNO F~

~"iMME:.TtI."( IN ~ Bt(

A~ !!QlJof!L i", !'Il ~ tltlJ 1TU't'E. """0 SCI$!.. .As.sVMe T I!!.JJ'5, 10Jl. To
:5A'TI~F,(

~TIC.

OF "F MasT

=0

TilE
l

)C-COI1.PO

QE. E.~4L

H AA)U'TU~

~INCE THe y- CoMPoOE.l1'"\-) AR~ ~oAl-, Til- 'E. O~I.."( W/f'( . Ec2IutW~1ot-j C~~ B£ ~T\sF{ED

.4m-J-4.rn

~. . '( +'( .. 0 e

, -s

~
rrx.t'!>-t-

Ar=oO~"
e.OMpU TE. RE A c."TIOIJ5
100 (4-')

:IJ '(~ ==- ;!£~

~ F,!,

'I; 'to'::Ol 0 e.,ual 32!.~

~y&;ok~
Cty s.
100

::3'0 I~T

e:.

~I: MA .. 01

r;

<:ty:: sok\l

tl:.F~-o;
'Lf'x.:.o;
~OiE.:

-100

+Ay+~'(=o

A'I_ Al(='o

-4-r=

sokLl

-c:.:
~:7Il<1{ 5'2.11

SI~CE:::

STFlUc:1'UR.. .. j~e.

AIolt> LOA'D FoRC.£S A~ ME.He.e;p;s C~HTE2..LHE

t~f;f=O
~lijC.€.. f"6~ :0.) jaIN, Cb"'$I~TS OF '''~2E.E ~2.5J Tu..>o elF 'WtHcll Af!.£ co~ f/.leATe. ! T;f1:U.~
Col..ILJel.fL

AR.s.
O#J

~'(ML\I!TR.IC.AL,

I!.4.11AL.

e:rn~£.2..

hJ

COR.Re.SP'ONtlIN~ !S1t>!!:. OF itiE

t~F"f
SO -

'Fo~US F'e.-:t r~ 11f-C. ~~

~ IS :51!.c...,.,~

-0

~a..o I

"l'1t6 :::. So
YA8 -

~&=o
Co
XA8

4.5 OF .,.e.lC. T .
:5!10W

seE

2.

'4

k~

Jotp·4.i s wru...
'ii!!.e:z:u=:"

'5 IMIL"TL AI-I.I,l.YSI.S

3-~
><",4&
0:

eAl?:S ExC.£Pi

OF OTtit1L ALL lloli~rlloR.. AH AJ,J'D tt9 AAE

\9.,.14.", lc:~
YAl3

~F;_=o:

---. +

1)6 - t[@
::3

= 5'2.11

Tfi{~ -rA~ ~

To

lM-XA&eO
.....

~ .. - ~Ae::r

I'."i~" ~
4... 1~

OT~

AJJ"L'(~\:S ::sttOUlS T#AT R::Q::£5 T;je: H~T 'OI~T ?A:T-t{ TffE .suPfbI't1$. TIH~IJ.lttrwA<.A~E RE~c...)(P£t> "Fo~ l.o"'~ Aut:> To 13~

8AQ.:i A8el>

AIoJO t>EF~.

Page

P4.20 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20 klpll 10 kips

l---

4 @ TO' 40'-----l ""

..----4fi)!d

4Or_ ...... ·17.S ~

"'" 'n:tri1Yj

A~ :..zo= \01- 21.'5 .= 0

-AJl-.:;:..tS.~f5."•

~.

~.'SiIP?t

OET£gMwE

ARiCO; ~f.:r; .~q--)-c:w:- r-.c::_~-. ur.,

.=L~:-:

Page

4.. .0 2

P4.21 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
~ 3m
B ....

41XL

.3-1ll...I; C

-.~ t

i i
4m

3m

-42

'+ 1
l:>

in.

P4.21

.4'(=41"

-, ., 1&.

iac:rft'J"N
+

/"'l"

E~·C)7
'A

i%1")'

-=:E>y:a W!a_ld.l .,

.\ ~~S:'::#y·hn-O

0j

~_AP.:t2,·kL'-

..A,--~-'O_~( 1 ;= d

'n

•
~+

10m

2:.Rg-:-:-.O ;

§,HW (e~H.. T~
,..;::;..::;,;a.,_

12)1tct('31r)r

~'~rFcr (0'.0

~--~~.,

-:3 ~ =:

:LOS);::.
3

AAk~

Co~pL-e~

1l-Ie Ml,6,L.'{~I~ e,y

OF

FBc. = 42.W ~~'.~.-'1:~'.

Me1'Ht?C7
1"

teD -_J_~1i)-~~-P.

or

J"'I-l-r...

(~ee

Pitt 1IfC,£ ~~

~iV&'1'!r).

Page

4-2.1

P4.22 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

24 kN

30 kN

P4.22

__3I)-k\l
,..., 4;. J(.& ......

:¥P -

.,~ _'1"" ~Jt...-Tl

R"--:l"+ P 2.~_k" ,_ _.
u ';_'

= ()

A.uac-~_B'(

Ls:.e..o BAga: 8.H, C J::.

He.~

ce , C,r
C5f=
JOlN1S

Page

4...2. 2

P4.23 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c

~==~==~~==~==~E~
P4.23

-t

Jm

3m

Page

4;2.3

P4.24 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

I...-- 8 m -I---

8 m -I--P4.24

8 m ____j

e
o

~.A.o1.

.!un

.:&m __J

RL-WObi
_'

~R4·3t1

.c QM£UT..E 2.UCIJP'1S

~-~ML~_O;
-'

~e.

-::.30_x.s_ =0
30·· k1C

iEr-y-O,

-fA

1::

--30·-":·.30 +

'Rl.= '0 t

" Rl. =

Page

4---~

P4.2S. Determine the forces in all bars of the truss in Figure P4.25. If your solution is statically inconsistent. what conclusions can you draw about the truss? How might you modify the truss to improve its behavior? Try analyzing the truss with your computer program. Explain your results.

1
6m

e.

40kN ~------4@6m------~ P4.2S

'it2iiC '"

't!.. 0X::IZ:!--:R~ 4 ~& •

.... y -~i ' 1'%'f

.)

.3Okg

~-~. 40

- 40 + 30 c.IJ ~_.$'Oktl

-Z.LRa. ..I>MS; .. Co I ~ .. ~~.1:. 'F,

F,_,_u

F.
...

1~=.
(JL 1'5.

Tacsroo
0.;.

D:t){ .

= SO""

F"x'f

so - 40 + rl)"I.'1=c9
=:

-lokU eJlir~'

<.n

.~~

A2.EtRQ)~rs

ls:r~T

~Nln.J"pe.s .SA~ ~l~

e.

Hl'-ST..
•

b2.C"S

2.. Y=ci~(,es_M~~
OQ. c..oMp<''(~Itw\

hf.\4e. 4~ ~~. ~~

~e: ~

.J
I~

.~ ~m:;e E-CilOlLre~\Q.M "'O-r 'P~'S\ e£.£ :?7fLOCTOp.e \S

u~S"",,"13I~"

Page

4 ..25

P4.26 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
18kN

l' 2m

i
2m

~--------3@4m--------~ P4.26

12:1y:O

--

2L ."':"-.fAt.,~--

fA&y'~rt~

i
tc

12~~
3m -

·/flk
.. 2m

r~! T
~I
~ ~

A.._ __
4m

----¥'....:....

1.

.t

r~F'" 22,5

'llkJl
·····::E~~·O

-----x ~.~-t
\}.li6

~_$J5'- 3..5._~rf!Clt:·

c:2t 'll.fQ-I'l.J(3~4F~tI

__ F~F_=""'2:Z.s\CN
£~\~)J't>

.. F~ ....TIdL_~~~: :~
-:'r
'i:

~-±o_'G\'
..,X.
C>

AJJ~

~.n:A( 0 ...

t5:fy~.Q:;;;_2..J.

(' iMA~
9 ~~

~~IJ.T.S

I'1A::

-T15Ct

3- F Y ZX
.:-t$1dd_ ~

...)2••

1'2 ~ ~ -

Ft:ic.,(4 . F~c'(·=. '3 kl\ i'US\dl

..
'Z.
~Cl(::'

4... ~'CMI1.

4-

=-~.

4.skfJ

2(

Page

4.. ", 2

P4.27 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

P4.27

B t-72

+-'12

\O'~IOI

Page

4-~2.7

P4.28 Det.ennine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c

1----12'---+--12'-1.
P4.28

1'2.-' -~

f 4.2~

~t.-1, :.0; FDISX(")-2.1')(,'f)=O

r+)

~r:: 2.2S"1'
Af ...1.Zr;t4

-,k(IIj'l ...

I'l.'X'~') -'&'1 C«'):; 0

J:£)SX :. -l~ k::'G?

fpBx :. 4: r;k.
IZ'

FpSl
~I

Ai:: '·'1;Jc.t

FD&X' = 3. ~7Sk~~"~I~

Fc::sx: 4.$
Page

I(

(~PKe~'D~)

4--2.8

P4.29 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. c

1
Sm ~-------4@5m--------~ P4.29

1 sm

F~ee!$QD( Il-f1
Faa
'Zo~

Or

~t'notJ

<U

l.~ee:fT
.J.
:F~

32.k~

1.4k'"
sm +~m--l-5m

<1

f'l!l-r--

%'t1~ :::0 j

..
J2W

-::." _l_

,'ZkII(,,,,,,)_

20 (s~) _f&GX(2~~):::0

F&G';' ::::~~ teN ""V1l'~e~~

t',

rl!t&\( ::.~ -; ~

fl N*L,~~VL--r~, ~a.1~frq'A }. e,o V1 t e )J.1"2 fl L.lloJe

:nitA

t....

I,..

n-1·,o·,

=0 j

32""'( 3"..)- FA&x('2",)=0 F,AI-l< -;. 4-! bl ~Hfl!fS.

f""'Vl ~ FAt:.'" /'

fA""::: ~bjc.&L
~H • DF

2e~o

&AKS:

t
Page

4-"2~

P4.30 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
30 kips

J
L
8' ____j___ 5'

8'

_J._

5'

---L

8' ___)

P4.30

l~'

L~c.:O i
f..x (10') - ,k(t;,) ~ (J

/.i\

ex ::3/4k..,._

+tEf'( :;c? i Ay _;Olc.+~k

Ai :; Z7tc-t

=- 0

~1'lrce

~rftut1'u~e·.
3/~a:. -\-.Ax::O

I Fx-;o ;
_~k _

P«-:.(, ~/~t:. ~

Page

4-;0

P4.31 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
W~

~w

~~

~~

~~

~~

'S1'' ' ' ' ~' ' ' lJc~ .k&l>tJ1

~ kN
4O\dl ~kll

,.

.M ~

~~~~~~~~~~~~H

-t
j
~----------6@4m----------~ P4.31

3m

4m

1(_EAcTIO~:5 ~ z.OkU JoINI~I~

R" - ~

= 2.4<>
Z

120kN

Joiur A

_rOC

. r.101IJJ

XGA. "" YSA X.SA'::

X9A

1 i (20= 11.43k\l(c)
7

'teA. 2Ok~
C

F~ = 11.4;(T) r&A= 2S.04-t)

1l.43___..,.--

_ ~~k~

Fc.D=

1l.+3

k)J Er)

~c=

40 Idlec-)

520 Joi ..... L r

34.2.1

40

10

A':"f!.

~---'l--::...I

__ E ~'XNE
22.1<.,

34,1'.;:..1

I'.4~.

t _,... Fi.~"

rlolL..'" 3+:2.')

kl! (c)
'2. '2.. 3C.(;'M(T) 12.0

~x .."
~~FK"

C
-

c.ot kEiI[I£,t!.l SECTls", -+ B£TWEl!.tt p.f ~ :i.MK - 0

~(4) -22,U,1C1+7Xue:

0 .. 12o{_8.)- Zo(I2)-(46 ..~)

l'N~ s:~

)(~€"ck43k'"

(<:.)

~c.
Xui< 11."2.3-H1.l3-TKE:

-+

1~Fy= o.

1l,4-3k~(T) "'( '" t< ::. 11.43 k~ (T)

-=- :... 8.51 (c)

4-

(11.43)

F"e ::

"21.~' (c)

Page

4-31

P4.32 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
20 kips 40 kips 20 kips

--t
1o---4@ 15' ..60' -~' -

rIO'
_l
10'

AB, BD. AD,

Be. and
P4.32

EF

JtlJ~r A COHr'V"re
I

rAr'"

IS;IL~ ~~

f;.o
"_FAI

Ar=t4a"
rt~F''(:Oi 1: ~=O
F~~
~

..AD +4BJc._lOIc.:.0 f

F~~ 3Ok COHf'fC.

j
Jt;"-

FAl

-0

t,err
__ 'b
'D

FAS ClI;tr.caJ.-trR

Of~E'Gfl~®:

'd1'G.

. I~

........

ft,e _,

~ :~. ~ I
-20 "(\;'H FAey(30') =0
FA& '(

fi'

.r x

10k ~l7to-1l'R6.SStptJ

FA&X:.(_\~D)FJr8Y=-Ir;k

FA6 ~j(lD)'a.+(Lt;)J.:::l&~CDt1~.

+ttFy'.:Oj -2O'L+40Jc.-M>JY
~ .L.

i ~1=40~ j-I~I
I;'
=()

I-+A"-'~K-'

dO \.rFoJ!
jX

e.

2Q'

..f2:FY=Oj

.. ZOkre~~I~

-2Qk+F~y+Fet>y::o

F~p1~ lot

FPJX:.~~ )rI)J1:. ~

FSDX:' (I?lto) Feof~ I' k

1e.... ~IDN

t==SO:; IBIt -ret-l1lQI'J

IJ'( 06'~J:.V"'T1QM

rx- 0;

-FA.]'

-19+

+FoJ'X+ Fr;;e. = 0
II)

f&c. -:.'Zo~a7~r~. Page 4--32.

fpE :.0

+ roe = 0

P4.33 Using the method of sections, detennme the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
J

_j3'

ii 12'
~_!f==::It=~Jt:=~it=::=~=d::=:~
30 kips 1----90 kips 30 kips
:

t6'

G ___i

6@ 15' =90' ---~

BI.. KJ, JD,

and

LC

P4.33

C. Ol'tt='l1'te:,_ FC'R<E. ~;IJ B L I KJ)

..J:'P_ .~,,~

L C.

3'

:r, f3k" fJzI

142,.C5V
<!~",IZ •

=f"QR.~ .. 1liI. SAfl.· \...C

c or

~~c. Tr Ol-i

1- I

. ....-r·F1-~
FI(J'~

FJI :.

~JO~'·'Z.1)\(t7.'5) ,

~Fy.O;

;:.14'1,O;\c' """"fSS.

-(FJk.f t FJlt) + FlP :0 0 F3D ~ .,; .11k 1'E~,.OtJ

Page

4-33

P4.34 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
G F ~~~~~-12kips

"1
D

~==O==:::::::;()'

c1
9'

-1

9'

f~~e.lSOt?Y .J OftJ1 "r....

4-~-+
.~
F.,;F

'~fsrw

I fEP

~4d'
::0

+1lfy::O;
1----3 @ 12' = 36'---; BARS: EF, El, ED, FH, and lJ P4.34

FFt\

fti1)::OO
~(:'
~

i -~ok(1"')-'8"{%4-') -l2"(~')+ fet (1'2') :(7

ISS"
I::=O j ='

t.? ..... ~E'S~lq~ r

~olc.('l4') "1&'X'lt,)-I~'{cn+ SDy{lt'):(.1 F

rgef;SC7C'( L.e F1' 9F 1!C11gt-l

laMrlJ1'i

.f

~r

&71c.,t,
I:

fr7f'.&e

1t04 &~!"E.F" :

CD

Tf?

fEPX/4!

&-;C/"
iHIf~
JO)t..11

Fe&>x::'

lIuJr.

Fep : 1~?It-1'E~ ~It't-l , :t:

"SkG

~Wt>y'

r.;;-h- F.t
1Fz.r
4z"Fys 0; -feI ~ r!l
Page
:0

+ FI~::

FIJ' = l~;k COIVtP~~~IOtJ

4.. 4 3

P4.35 Using the method of sections, determine the forces in the bars listed below each figure.
K J H G

I
F

i
_l
3m

3m

12kN

16kN

12kN

~-----4@4m------~
lJ, Me, and Ml

P4.3S

2GldJ

t-..,.__~--'.~ @~~,m,U ~
_"_
So~,-c.~t:6_
j.-'j_

fORces

.-Se.E :SUllO,",

AIe>OVe..

n.

.0':' 'lOKS -12,,4- - \~.~~)t.~

. _,'-FM~- ;:::.. .l'O,::-j.8,~

k;;._

~fh

~::i..a~_-_~.-.
n, ~~ ..

-f'''';xf4

.'.F

....

~lll-'I., L~3&_kJl t..cwnp&

_to

-t»• _"J(,

%of'.: ::toe'F.- ""'~ 8(

F HUt.;: S.~'3 k~~oMVt.=> + :%.F...,::r.0 ';' 2.0 - 12. - F MI.Y - rr-1C!"l

F MI'f ..3
:=

f,.nx

~J3."6~k14to

:. fHIY,= 4 k}i
-I Co,","

P4.36 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. Hint: Start with the method of sections.

3m

1
F A 30kN

J
.3m P4.36

2m

I--- 3m

cp

E)rn2..e

STR:.~C.Tt'R£

:z.M;_AO;
1-

30",9 -3D",,- E)';;;"30kLl.

'£73

~o

tI..f'( ....O; 30 ~~o-30+RD_;:O Ro""gotkW

P4.37 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss.

Indicate tension or compression. Hint: Start with the method of sections.

J G

1
15'

i
sJ
30 kips 60 kips 4@20' P4,37 30 kips

15'

15'

-30

t,
l.5.

~~~~~~~~~~1
30k

..... ----4-.:.6}-ZO':r.s6>-----...-t

~M8; ljj~. ~Px 20·

-30
..FJ:.ti)(
;a

r++-

40 k

- fx.. x.3o-:,o

F1:. NY == so.k

30

Page

4-31

P4.38 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression. Hint: Start with the method of sections.

I- 9'_)_

6,_j_ 9,--1

P4.38

-21

t
"
\2

II---_.:....::;.:;.:~~c

n~
l:t'<o 100

u:«;
Q

24 lC 3D - Rc 24·~c

= 30

IttJ?

'X.Mo
~.

~+

L MF
-4>"

= 0.::" 24x ~ 2..4 FA~ = a KIf'? T'fllS1OO \<,

~J) " l'

Ie

--0

24.x(2. -.3~(5~~c

9_ ~~

-+
Q

X~=

= ;Z !_k

- _.~_.u_~v

t'OC. ~ '27

k'p~-~
0E'~O(~

COMrt..S.Te.

BY M£'ffic'D

btt "'Top F'4U~E..

Page

4-~~

P4.39 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
c

6~

6~

I-sm-l-s m-l-sm-l-s
P4.39

m-l

5m

ME. TiloD

elf ~e.C.'T14N'S

5m

1
+

l!" . L~4=O;
G,.dO-XA86•O

cor

FSt>

XAa'liZ 12

klJ

(c)

-0+

'tAt"'::' ~Ae,· 11"11

0

~.fA::::o; XA K -X",-&
X~=
1:

t--

·4@;rn :.lam

..,G.k"

2 E k.O e.A R..S: Bt(»

B4,

't>~) "t> F

t 1;f~

12k#( T
G, - '11.8 + '1At\-O

0;

't'A\l - 12,,(' =

k"

(T)

Page

4-~~

P4.40 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
!
I

12'

-t
-t
P4.40

12'

l2'

12'

.:Q_1lUl.c..TUR.E._ Ut.1~TA QLe: it:.M:Tl6t-lS F-b2~... A Foec.t!. ~~S TE:.H •

._

CDNc.uttE..L.ll-

Page

4·40

P4.41 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.

\-----

4 @4

m -----I

P4.41

12.kN

, k1.l

12.1<.11

RAyal5 kw
K~IC=

1-·---......,~ J5K~ . ~+ Ral.

Re ..·:.·
(~l-'\c.=O' FBI> Te '-1Cl1t1

1'2..(4-) - \S (I!)

-+ Rex 3· 0

of C.

Ra-

2.4 k,4 -0:

J'"0 " ..I.,. A.

+,

!i: r"'(

"'fA-. (S"~t)
1. l5"= 2Ok~
24 - 20 - ~~a
3

_+

X.... e

%. f')(, .0:

FA~· 4 (9

Page

4·41

P4.42 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
2.4 kips

i
------+-8'

6'

-----l

P4.42

f'1~A'"
't(~~

IJL-ff:

:A~-~..w-A'r-Il•MIL

'"I'
I.~~-~.: c:?

""" B'~
E"X1:o

*:OJ
~},:Oi

3.""'+

Ey=U2-ii"

5.~'_

S.(,k(,,')-t 7;2~(f')'" 1.&1£(11.')... 2. ~(Si-I"'4'l.4-·)"'1.4-k(1

ey ':. IO. .f.5"" t

-7.2k_ 3 (204") -7.41<

~1-Eyl'3z}

+ la. 4~fc.+ A1~ 0

At:: II.*lct

~Mc~Oj
6trx(l1.'~2.-t'lJ·)-IP,#(I('~=0

6eFX:: 12.JJk 'ot-'tI'It &aFy/(,'::.

~nv&'

~'i'~~.29

~ft1~HIH J1 ~R

Ftlkff.S ~qLVeD

c
...

.&y HEIHQP etc

JOI ~f~. Page

_ l

5'

4-42.

P4.43 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
12 kips D 12 kips

r
6'

12 kips -}

~~Fi
30 kips

6'

30 kips

---4@8'=32'~-_'" P4.43

Lf.(..o:

..
Ie

>'Ar =0 .... yA:r .... '&"3' 0 30- ~B=o

.; ~a
':r

tZR,-o:

3e (C)

x ~ = 0/3'fee. :: 24\( (C)

F&c= -\
"(e.eo::' ~K(c)

f8~= '><we c 24 "(T)

Page

4-4,

P4.44 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
E

1 J
30'

-11-P4.44

40'

----I

e~
&y::.

g.E, 1JlvG.1!JE :

~t-1~~O;

-&f(4D') + 3Qf-(80')~ltC1')

'0"'+

~O

tfLFr== 0 i
ZFx~Oj
.:1a.

-301c. -30t(-I-3o"-""Ay

~O

Ar=30"-t
6Fx :: +oJc.->

~Ff::

400K (~+) ?,J(. t ::

Gax
::::0

Ax

-:0

e~ C4X-::

'-fly' ~ 4-ok. (~/+):-sot.. :

-~o"-

4e>1t. +.

Ret1~I""'I~4
~LV~D
0

fo~f"S

B1' M~

or

-r ~J'-~«' + ""f~~c>~t

0,. =

JOlN1~.

Page

4=44

P4.45 Determine the forces in all bars of the truss. Indicate tension or compression.
20kN

P4.45

20kN

tz.1cJI

SUNJ

1
18

-t
4@4m

3m

t...
~T'OIJ~
ci}oiA,- 0: 12.,,~ 12)14." ..

f1'\/"'-- Ax:: 24kN

~~_AY_~_S_I.2_S_kl4 6...Ly_:4Q.;_ •..;.:75;..t1"f
P4.45 1'4

'l.1-

3m

1l:Fy

RG "'O'

40.15

kll

"~l'I'-I~ ~-O

RA.'r 40:1$ -32

-,0 =0

--to

e"X·

5\. '2.6 kN

~u:V~T~L~S~~fD
~Mi=O
13:.

EF.....0 ~1'2.. + 12.- KAle. -6 R~ - 2..4-\c.t.l.

~~

_
~

ft>E3 - 40.15(4-) f't)6 "'" 54.33 klJ (e)

.. 4 m ~~:tS'
=0 ~

~ ~~F'f::ao: +

~:t5

-'(~
XQ.!! :.

Yow~~:15UI

Yo~ =-b

'Xt>1.t

~j(40:T') ~ -:.4,'33 kt(c:) 5

F%.I-f

%:Fx... ... C = S4-.:'~" 5-r,~~ Ft"

=IOe.. "Go kt-l q) Page

4-- 4S a.. •

• "re;" 4O:15k\L
Fn"" =

"'£,.

4o;j"5kU (T)

JOI~J 1-

5.l

+101-',"
Fcal.G.° ~

t
-

%fr=,-o
,"0 '" ~;''!i

+'(0"S:0

YOJ' -

19.'ZskM (c:)

_+

E.P'lI. =0:

X'C "12- S!>:

X'C"""

as

kJ(

(C)

~
..IOlM1 e,
l~

Y1lc.- ~(ll~
1%f.(.:ro: 5,):Z5-1"·

12

-r~
~ SS.25

Fe:!.:1

l 0'l.15Iell CT)

fe

= S9k~iD

F"64" 'Cf.'2S(C)

J"II-lJ

A.

Page

4... 4;b.

P4.46. A two-lane highway bridge, supported on two deck trusses that span 64 ft, consists of an 8-in reinforced concrete slab supported on four steel stringers. The slab is protected by a 2-in wearing surface of asphalt. The 16ft-long stringers frame into the floor beams, which in tum transfer the live and dead loads to the panel points of each truss. The truss, bolted to the left abutment at point A, may be treated as pin supported. The right end of

the truss rests on an elastomeric pad at G. The elastomeric pad, which permits only horizontal displacement of the joint, can be treated as a roller. The loads shown represent the total dead and live loads. The 18-kip load is an additional live load that represents a heavy wheel load. Determine the force in the lower chord between panel points I and J, the force in member iB, and the reaction applied to the abutment at support A.

2" asphalt 94 kips 94 kips 94 kips 51 kips

.... ==:;;..__;::.;;.;;;:;;;; ..... beam

floor

upper
chord truss lower ~ 26'

_____J

chord

Section A-A

P4.46

loo.tj/c'

Page

4-4"

P4.47 Computer analysis of a truss. The purpose of this study is to show that the magnitude of the joint displacements as well as the magnitude of the forces in members may control the proportions • of structural members. For example, building codes typically specify maximum permitted displacements to ensure that excessive cracking of attached construction, such as exterior walls and windows, does not occur (see Photo l.1 in Sec. 1.3). A preliminary design of the truss in Figure P4.47 produces the following bar areas: member 1, 2.5 in2; member 2, 3 in2; and member 3, 2 in2. Also E = 29,000 kips/in-.

30 kips

~15'-----' P4.47

Case 1: Determine all bar forces, joint reactions, and joint displacements, assuming pin joints. Use the computer program to plot the deflected shape.
Case 2: If the maximum horizontal displacement of joint 2 is not to exceed 0.25 in, determine the minimum required area of the truss bars. For this case assume that all truss members have the same cross-sectional area. Round the area to the nearest whole number.

P4.47

Page

4_470....