CHANGE

MEANING
Change Goals
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 Continuous Change at Nokia
Nokia has continually
adapted to its changing
environment. The Finnish
company began as a pulp
and paper mill in 1865,
then moved
into rubber, cable wiring, and computer monitors. In the
1980s, Nokia executives sensed an emerging market for
wireless communication. Today, Nokia is a world leader
in cellular telephones.
 Factors Affecting Change
 External Factors:
1. Government Rules and Regulations
2. Competition
3. Technological advances
4. Changes in People requirement
 Internal Factors:
1. Change in Leadership
2. New Technology
3. The Domino effect
4. For meeting Crisis
Lewin’s
Lewin’s Three-Step
Three-Step Change
Change
Model/
Model/ Force
Force Field
Field Analysis
Analysis
Unfreezing
Unfreezingthe
theStatus
StatusQuo-
Quo-
Unfreezing
Change efforts to overcome the pressures of
both individual resistance and group
conformity.
 Refreezing
Stabilizing a change intervention by
balancing driving and restraining forces.
Driving Forces Restraining Forces
Forces that direct behavior Forces that hinder movement
away from the status quo. from the existing equilibrium.
 Resistance to change
 Resistance to Change at BP Norge
Employees initially resisted self-directed teams BP
Norge’s North Sea drilling rigs.

 “SDWTs don’t work on drilling rigs!”

 “We already have teams!”

 “This creates more work — will we get

higher pay?”
 “I don’t know how to work in teams.”

 “SDWTs will threaten my job as a

supervisor!”
 INDIVIDUAL RESISTANCE

 Fear of Unknown
 New Learning
 Disruption of Stable Friendship
 Distrust of Management
 Organizational Resistance

 Threats to Power structure

 System Relationship
 Threat to Expertise
Minimizing Resistance to
Change
 Change Agents
 Anyone who possesses enough knowledge
and power to guide and facilitate the change
effort
 Change agents apply transformational
leadership
 Help develop a vision
 Communicate the vision
 Act consistently with the vision
 Build commitment to the vision