Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By
MASTER OF SCIENCES
In
APRIL 2010.
I
and genuine research work out by me under the guidance of Prof (Mrs)
II
CERTIFICATION BY THE GUIDE
Nursing.
Place:-Bangalore
Date:-
III
research work done by Mona Prabhakar Londhe, under the guidance of Prof
Date: - Date:-
Place: - Place:-
IV
COPYRIGHT
I here declare that the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, Karnataka
shall have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation in
Place: - Bangalore.
“I have cared for you since you were born. Yes, I carried you before you
were born. I will be your God throughout your lifetime – until your hair
is white with age. I made you, and I will care for you. I will carry you
along and save you.” Isaiah 46:3-4.
First of all I Humbly Praise and Thank the Lord Almighty for his great
support, strength and Knowledge he has provided me to complete my study.
Gratitude can never be adequately expressed in words but this is only the
deep perception which makes the words flow from ones inner heart.
I specially thank the chairman, Mr.Sampath Raj, and the Secretary, Mrs
Kavitha Sampth Raj, for their continues support to complete my study.
I especially thanks for the entire expert Professors for there valuable
suggestions and guidance for completion of study.
My special deep heartfelt and humble thanks for my beloved husband Mr.
Noel Rodgers who has supported me and the reason for all this hard work
His constant prayer, love, sacrifice, encouragement and support without
which this study would not have been possible.
Last but not the least, my sincere gratitude and thankfulness to all well
wishers, friends and relatives for their prayers and best wishes which
helped me to carry out my study.
disease related changes that affect the elderly's image of themselves; societal
ongoing challenge for these people, their families and health care providers.
the world. Individuals may have different views regarding ageing and
elderly, which reflect in the attitudes of people including aging person and of
health practices, and knowledge of safety factors affecting their own health
intervention can prevent more serious complications and enable older adults
to maintain the highest possible level of wellness and function. Nurses and
IX
alternative cost-effective elder care environments or direct in old age home
Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of perceived Health
people.
Methods
The study was conducted at Little sisters of the poor Home for the
aged, Hosur Road Bangalore. The sample was selected by using purposive
sampling technique was utilized; Data collection was done for a period of
one month. Formal written permission from Little sisters of the poor home
for the aged authorities was obtained prior to data collection. data was
collected using structure interview schedule with a few open ended items
Results
The results of this study shows in the physiological, psychosocial and
financial situation among people aged 60 and above years or older, Health
affecting it are presented. Nearly one-third of the elderly people could not
read a newspaper with or without glasses, more than one-third had impaired
hearing, 47% had some sort of mobility problem (MP) and 66% reported
some form of sleeping problem (SP). 42% felt lonely sometimes or often and
65% were worried, in most cases about the risk of falling. In spite of this,
87% rated their health as good and 79% were content or rather content with
their situation. Even though eyesight and hearing problems were common in
this study, they did not affect perceived health to any large extent. Mobility
problems (MP) and sleeping problems (SP) had a greater impact. The most
score and loneliness and the latter was in turn affected by age and type of
medical situation.
XI
means to assess or to study the health problems which are related to age
factor.
For eg. In today’s life there are so many elderly people facing the health
problems such as hearing loss or impaired hearing nearly one third of elderly
people could not read a news paper with or without glasses
Some had some sort of mobility problem & some form of sleeping
problem ,some felt loneliness ,in most cases were worried about the risk of
falling ill in spite of their good health, the remaining were adjusting with
there situation, eventhough eyesight & hearing problem is common old age
is similar to child hood, children are treated by pediatrician &similarly the
aged are treated by geriatrician. Early diagnosis is always a better chance for
cure, prevention of the diseases& complications these assessments can help
to identify early sign & symptoms of diseases. It is good to assess there
physical, economical, emotional background, old age homes are a necessity
in the present day scenario as the younger generation do not have the time or
in many cases the resources to meet their needs (like medical expenses,
special food etc). But old age homes should be considered only as a
secondary option. Elders in the family are definitely an asset. It is they who
can impart the much needed ethical values and code of conduct in the
younger generation. Old age homes as an option should be considered only
for the betterment of the senior citizens (SC) by way of better physical and
mental status, greater possibility for social bonding etc. Under no pretext
XII
Should the aged be made to feel that they are a burden and hence turned
away. Builders can also consider allocating a few houses for the senior
citizens within an integrated township (at subsidized rates), so that the
feeling of isolation goes away while proximity to dear ones is maintained.
Key Words
Perceived health problems, Old age homes, senior citizens, social
bonding, and proximity.
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Review of literature
4 Methodology
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
8 Summary
9 Bibliography
10 Annexure
XIV
LIST OF ABBREVATIONS USED
MP - Mobility Problem.
SP - Sleeping Problem.
SC - Senior citizens.
XV
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Title. Page No.
No.
1 Conceptual frame Work.
2 Distribution of samples according to Age.
3 Distribution of samples according to Gender.
4 Distribution of samples according to the Education.
5 Distribution of samples according to the Marital Status.
6 Distribution of samples according to the Previous Occupation.
7 Distribution of samples according to the Duration of Stay.
8 Distribution of samples according to the Financial Dependency.
9 Distribution of samples according to the Self Care Activities.
10 Distribution of samples according to History of health illness.
11 Distribution of samples according to Dietary status.
12 To assess the knowledge of the elderly people on perceived
health.
13 To identify the facilities provided for the elderly people in old
age home.
14 Association between age and knowledge level of elderly
people.
15 Association between gender and knowledge level of elderly
people.
16 Association between Marital status and knowledge level of
elderly people.
17 Association between education and knowledge level of elderly
people.
18 Association between occupation and knowledge level of elderly
people.
19 Association between previous occupation and knowledge level
of elderly people.
20 Association between duration of stay and knowledge level of
elderly people.
21 Association between financial dependency and knowledge level
of elderly people.
22 Association between self care activities and knowledge level of
elderly people.
23 Association between history of health illness and knowledge
level of elderly people.
24 Association between dietary and knowledge level of elderly
people.
25 Age Pyramid
XVI
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF ANNEXURES
to assess or to study the health problems which are related to age factor.
For eg. In today’s life there are so many elderly people facing the health
problems such as hearing loss or impaired hearing nearly one third of elderly
Some had some sort of mobility problem & some form of sleeping
problem ,some felt loneliness ,in most cases were worried about the risk of
falling ill in spite of their good health, the remaining were adjusting with
diseases& complications these assessments can help to identify early sign &
emotional background
In India about 7.5%of the population is above 60years and the life
expectancy is increasing gradually In India the aged prefer to live with their
children, sons consider it their duty to look after their aged parents they do
not allow them to be sent to old age homes the join family is the
predominant house hold from in rural and urban areas and even in the slums
but when elderly do not have family members to care for them old age
homes are their last resort .India is the second most populous country of the
world after china, at the turn of this century, the number of persons aged
60years and over was 12.1 million of these 5.5 million were male and 6.6
Old age was never a problem in India. Old age homes were alien in
concept and elder abuse was considered a Western problem. Not any more.
hundreds of old age homes have sprung up in India. Neglect of parents has
become a big issue, so much so that the Indian government has passed "The
maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens bill 2006", which
makes it imperative for adult children to look after their parents. Healthy
ageing is not only related to the advances in medical technology but also to a
wide range of other factors like enabling the aged to lead a stimulating life,
present over 500 NGOs are given grant-in-aid to provide services like old
age homes, day care centers, medical facilities etc for the aged. The Delhi-
based International Federation on Aging has been campaigning for free
health care for senior citizens; decrease in the age limit for pension; a bigger,
Old age homes are a necessity in the present day scenario as the
younger generation do not have the time or in many cases the resources to
meet their needs (like medical expenses, special food etc). But old age
are definitely an asset. It is they who can impart the much needed ethical
values and code of conduct in the younger generation. Old age homes as an
option should be considered only for the betterment of the senior citizens by
way of better physical and mental status, greater possibility for social
bonding etc. Under no pretext should the aged be made to feel that they are a
burden and hence turned away. Builders can also consider allocating a few
houses for the senior citizens within an integrated township (at subsidized
rates), so that the feeling of isolation goes away while proximity to dear ones
is maintained.
Help Age India is the leading advocate for Older People’s rights. We
below.
1. Hearing loss.
2. Impaired vision.
3. Impaired physical mobility, confusion, depression, & cognition.
4. Dementia.
5. Delirium.
6. Alzheimer’s disease.
7. Forgetfulness
8. Abnormal behavior.
9. Mentally ill.
10.Loneliness.
11.Hypertension.
12.Diabetes mellitus.
13.Acute myocardial Infarction.
14.Stroke.
15.Hyper & Hypothyroidism.
16.Chronic pulmonary problems
17. Atherosclerosis related diseases & urinary tract infection.
aims to detect the status of health of elderly people and providing proper
nursing care and health screening services in selected old age homes in
Bangalore city4.
unmet need, ours is the first to identify factors associated with the likelihood
suggested that equal use of hospitalization service for equal needs has not
been achieved, and that respondents with unmet need were mainly ‘lower-
types of intervention aimed at reducing unmet need for Home for the aged
community level that are related to health issues of the aging population.
people.
Operational Definitions
Perceptions
insight in to their health problems and the facilities provided to them in old
age homes.
Health Problems
Elderly People.
safety, security, and adequate health care constitutes elder abuse (Anderson,
Verbal/Psychological Abuse
isolated from others can also cause psychological distress and lead to more
Financial Abuse
person denote financial abuse (Wolf, 1996). Theft, fraud, and taking
car jacking.
Neglect/Self-Neglect.
younger adults.
Facilities
comfort and rest, that include food, living, care in health and illness and
recreational facilities.
Refers to institutions where the elderly people reside and are care for
Satisfaction
provided to the elderly people residing in old age homes as measure using a
Assumptions
1) The elderly people living in old age homes to have health needs.
2) The elderly people have varying self care abilities and functional
performance.
Hypothesis
H1) The elderly people living in old age homes to have health needs.
H2) The elderly people have varying self care abilities and functional
performance.
H3) The elderly people participating in the study will be willing to express
1) This study will provide a data base for planning and organizing health
2) The study will provide a baseline to find out the perceived health
enable or impede use, and their need for care. Predisposing variables were
variables contain factors which make health services available and include
both personal/familial and community resources. First, people must have the
means and knowledge to get to those services and make use of them.
Second, health personnel and facilities must be available for individuals. The
use, and involves both perceived and evaluated health status. Perceived need
evaluated need is more closely related to the kind and amount of treatment
to be provided.
elderly people and the facilities provided in old age homes based on the
Perceived
Susceptibility / Perceived Likelihood
Perceived Threat of Behavior
Severity
Cues to
Action
the topic of interest. When a general topic has already been selected readings
on that topic help to bring the problem in to sharper focus and aid in the
between “being alone” and loneliness. Some older adults may prefer to
shown that older adults tend to focus on relationships that make them
happier, while letting other relationships fade Feeling “lonely” is an
emotional reaction a person has when he or she has no one to talk to about
problems, and feels isolated and cut off from others Loneliness is different
for everyone, but life changes, such as retirement, losing a spouse, and
having friends and family move away can lead to isolation Also, as we age,
people have more health problems, which eventually begin to interfere with
It isn’t surprising that the combination of life changes and mobility problems
study found that for adults over the age of 65, 35% reported that they were
was almost impossible for them not to feel lonely In this blog I will discuss
who is most likely to suffer from loneliness, the health effects of loneliness,
and how can we help to prevent loneliness in older adults. I will also provide
possible.25
in older (60–79 years of age) and elderly (≥80 years of age) people.
Antihypertensive drug therapy should be considered in all aging
pressure treatment goal is less than 140/90 mmHg in all older patients and
less than 150/80 mmHg in the nonfrail elderly. The current paradigm of
overall and 51.6% among those 60–79 years of age. Similar or even higher
is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease, and numerous
previous cardiovascular disease, which increases with age, may affect the
elderly.26
706 (74%) persons responded. Nearly one-third of the elderly people could
not read a newspaper with or without glasses, more than one-third had
impaired hearing, 47% had some sort of mobility problem and 66% reported
some form of sleeping problem. Forty-two per cent felt lonely sometimes or
often and 65% were worried, in most cases about the risk of falling. In spite
of this, 87% rated their health as good and 79% were content or rather
content with their situation. Even though eyesight and hearing problems
were common in this study, they did not affect perceived health to any large
extent. Mobility problems and sleeping problems had a greater impact. The
score and loneliness and the latter was in turn affected by age and type of
medical situation.27
Res 25(2): 567-574, 2011-Falls are one of the major health problems
affecting the quality of life among older adults. The aging process is
analyzed the risk factors and predictors of falls, but the results appear still
review of the literature, this work was designed to explore the relationship
among risk of falls, postural stability, and muscular strength of lower limbs
in older adults.28
relationships are associated with lower illness rates, faster recovery rates and
Falls and fracture are common in older women and men. Recurrent
medical condition and require preventive measures. Sedative use was most
commonly associated with falls. In order to improve the health status of the
to identify various factors that are related to disability, which should lead to
As people age, the ability to interact with the outdoors may lessen. Frailty
even experiencing the outdoors. The barriers are greater for people with
literature and some older seminal works on nature and nature-based stimuli
and an impaired quality of life. Dry mouth has many causes, from local
environmental restriction33.
adopt regular physical activity. Health care providers should consider these
people with intellectual disability. Risk factors for falls and falls prevention
recorded injuries. Risk factors for falls in people with intellectual disabilities
related injuries. Further research is needed to explore risk factors for falls
factors and prevention of falls will inform nurses and other healthcare
professionals those who are at most risk and how to minimise injury in
endeavour35.
The mean age of those with minor, moderate, or major difficulty ranged
higher among women (11.8%) than men (8.8%), and higher among African
and having problems conducting daily activities. Among persons with major
depression, anxiety, and poverty highlight the need for comprehensive care
Diabetes presents many potential pathways for fatigue, but focused studies
related quality of life in their study designs, although one that did provided
distress37.
and treating chronic pain in the elderly. San Andrés-Torcal in Malaga, Spain
determines the needs of elderly individuals living alone and with some
whose basic needs were not suitably covered. Because of the multiple and
be paid to these individuals and the required help should be offered so that
they have information and access to the available health and social resources.
In the UK, population screening for unmet need has failed to improve the
health of older people. Those living alone were more likely to report fair or
daily living, worse memory and mood, lower physical activity, poorer diet,
adjustment for age, sex, income, and educational attainment, living alone
In this article we explore the development of group homes for elders with
one of the new institutions that has emerged, we show one way in which
social policy has had a significant influence on the lives of elders suffering
from dementia and their families. Finally, we point out some of the problems
that have arisen along with the growth of these new forms of care, such as a
for the elderly. The population of these homes is selected on the basis of
group of elderly people within these homes that need more complex primary
Dutch General Practice in the study period 1/1/1998 to 1/7/2004. Our main
results show that the rate of cognitive problems is two times, the prevalence
of depression even three times higher in older people living in a home for
the elderly than in those who live independently. Locomotory problems are a
medication. GP's do not have more contacts with people living in a home for
the elderly than with older people living independently. We conclude that
people living in homes for the elderly have complex problems, and need
special attention for their specific vulnerability. Differences in care are not
primarily explained by chronic disease but by problems with mobility,
64) and 56% of seniors reported good health in 2009. This is based on a
Good health existed even in the presence of chronic conditions such as high
blood pressure, arthritis and back problems, all of which were common
with good health: smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet,
sleep, oral health, stress, and social participation. Eighty-four percent of the
younger age group and 91% of seniors reported positive tendencies on four
or more of these factors. The more factors on which positive tendencies were
make it difficult for such residents to report pain to the staff. Furthermore,
older residents often do not actively report pain, because of the stigma
associated with it or because of their own forbearance/stoicism (Hess, 2004).
The heavy workloads of nursing home staff may compound the problem,
2005). In addition, nurses tended to estimate severe pain and pain tolerance
nursing home staff needs to be aware of these problems and efforts should
individually tailored care for each resident (Horgas & Miller, 2008). To
information about the pain, such as its causes, intensity, and other related
factors. Pain assessment and management should also be based on the best
available evidence from studies and tailored for the residents' circumstances
and needs (Herr, 2010). Although there are limited studies on the prevalence
Therefore the aim of the present review was to identify studies on pain
prevalence among older residents in nursing homes and explore the factors
associated with pain in these prevalence studies. It was hoped that this paper
would serve as a basis for developing systems to manage pain and improve
patients that are candidates for residential facility admission should receive
management plans and trained staff should be available for the residential
violence, with dual diagnoses and with severe personality disorders (and all
refrain from generic questions (e.g. 'Does residential care work?') and should
be most effective for what kinds of residents by what type of outcomes and
practice will enable the whole field of residential care to progress so that it
This chapter presents the methodology adapted for the study including
researcher in studying her research problem along with the logic behind
(Kothari 1990)
This study was conducted with the main purpose of assessing the
Research Approach
variables and use the data to justify and assess current conditions. (Wood
Research Design:
The setting is where the population or the portion of it that is being studied
Bangalore, which are well known for their care and accommodation were
selected for the purpose of the study, people above the age of 60 years reside
in this homes. This old age home had approximately 140 elderly inmates are
present. there are 70 women and 70 men’s respectively, there were both
single rooms and dormitories, more space for outdoor games, better medical
and nursing care, facilities Opportunities for Spiritual growth like retreats
handicraft, gardening, The elderly in the bigger old age home were more
social and outgoing in there behavior when compaired to the elderly of the
Dependent Variables.
It is the variable which is measured or observed following the action
Independent Variable.
Extraneous Variables.
variables here it refers to the selected variables such as Age, sex, marital
Population
of subjects from whom the study subjects are selected and to whom the data
The set of sampling units chosen for the study is called the Sample.
Sampling
Here the study Sample comprised of the elderly people above 60 years
in the old age homes, fulfilling the Sampling Criteria, The purposive
Sampling Technique will be used to collect data from the available group
2) The elderly people who are able to express their problems verbally.
(Robert 1989)
preparation.
psychologists.
statements.
tool.
All these procedures helped in framing the appropriate tools suitable for the
study.
elderly people.
Part-III Level of satisfaction of the facilities provided in the old age homes.
elderly people.
Assessment of the perceived health problems was divided in to 3 categories,
2) Physiological-----------27 items.
3) Psychological------------16 items.
homes.
The tool was validated by Nine experts six Medical Surgical Nursing
experts, One statician, one psychologist, and one Physician, Based on their,
interviewed eight elderly people from one of the old age home and split-half
The reliability of the half test was found out using Karl Pearson’
product.
r= N ∑ XY – (∑X. ∑Y)
r11 = 2r 1/2.1/11
1 + 1 1/2 1/11
Were,
Pilot Study
Pilot and Hungler (1978) defined pilot study as a small scale version
The pilot study was conducted in the Little Sisters of the Poor Home
for the Aged, from Nov 15th to 30th a formal permission was obtained from
the authorities.
Ten elderly people fulfilling the criteria for sample selection were
Samples.
From the old age home the elderly men and women 5 were selected
Certain problems were encountered during the pilot study were found
The elderly people staying in old age homes have higher mean (72%) in
psychological problems.
provided in the old age home. They were very satisfied with the facilities
given during health and illness They were best satisfied with the food
old age home, They were made aware of the nature of the study ad were
assured that the study would not interfere with the daily routine activities of
The data was collected from Dec 10th to Jan11th 2011 .The
the subjects and explained the purpose of the study to them, She requested
the participants for their full Co-operation and prompt answers. She also
sensed by their answers .An informed consent was taken from the subjects
comfortable position the investigator was seated facing the subjects. The
mind the rest periods of the elderly people the interview was conducted
meaning to data. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used for data
analysis the numerical data based on the objectives of the study are given
below.
Projected Outcome.
This chapter deals with the analysis and the interpretation of the data
among elderly people and facilities provided to them in selected old age
people.
2) To assess the level of satisfaction with the facilities provided to the
Organization of findings
health problems.
Section III: To identify the level of satisfaction of the facilities provided for
Section IV: To find the association between the knowledge of old age
demographic variables
characteristics. The 50 elderly people were drawn from the selected old age
home in Bangalore. The data on sample were analyzed using descriptive and
inferential statistics. The data obtained from the samples are presented in
Sl. Demographic
Frequency Percentage
No. Data
1 Age
60-65years 1 2
65-70years 13 26
>70 years 36 72
2 Gender
Male 15 30
Female 35 70
3 Educational qualification
Primary 16 32
Secondary 17 34
Higher Secondary 14 28
Degree 3 6
4 Marital status
Married 15 30
Unmarried 3 6
Widow 31 62
Divorce 1 2
5 Previous Occupation
Professional 17 34
Any other 33 66
6 Duration of Stay
3-5years 26 52
5& above years 24 48
7 Financial Dependency
Self 10 20
On family members 2 4
Old age homes 38 76
8 Self Care Activities
Independent 22 44
Partially Dependent 24 48
Fully Dependant 4 8
9 History of Health Illness
Diabetes Mellitus 3 6
Hypertension 10 20
Bronchial Asthma 2 4
Any Other 35 70
10 Dietary Status by Criteria of BMI
Well Nourished 9 18
Moderately
Nourished 32 64
Poorly Nourished 8 16
40 72%
35
30
25
20
15 26%
10
5 2%
0
60-65years 65-70years >70 years
Age
Among the elderly people, 2% were from age group of 60- 65 years, 26%
were from age group of 65- 70 years and 72% were from age group of > 72
years.
70%
40
30 30%
20
10
0
Male Female
Among the elderly people, 30% were male and 70% were female
25
20
30%
15
10
5 6%
2%
0
Married Unmarried Widow Divorce
Among the elderly people, 30% were married, 6% were unmarried, 62%
66%
35
30
34%
25
20
15
10
5
0
Professional Any other
Among the elderly people, 34% were professionals and 66% were non
professionals.
Fig: 6 Distribution of samples according to the Duration of stay
52%
26
25.5
25 48%
24.5
24
23.5
23
3-5years 5& above years
Among the elderly people, 52% stayed from 3- 5 years and 48% were
76%
40
30
20
20%
4%
10
0
Self On family members Old age homes
Among the elderly people, 20% were self depended for finance, 4% were
dependent on family members and 76% were dependent on old age homes.
Fig 8: Distribution of samples according to the Self care activities
48%
44%
25
20
15
10 8%
0
Independent Partially Dependent Fully Dependant
Among the elderly people, 44% were independent for self care activities,
35
30
25 20%
20
6% 4%
15
10
5
0
Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension Bronchial Any Other
Asthma
Among the elderly people, 6% had diabetes mellitus, 20% had hypertension,
Moderately
Nourished
66%
Among the elderly people, 18% were well nourished, 66% were moderately
health problems.
Table: 2
N= 50
Statement Max.
Maximum Range Mean S.D s score Mean%
Knowledge of Perceived Health problems among elderly people
35.
Physical Questionnaire 50 18 -50 8 9.04 17 50 72%
Physiological 30.
Questionnaire 45 15 -45 1 7.01 27 45 67%
33.
Psychological Question 52 15 -52 1 9.16 16 52 64%
Fig: 11
72%
70%
68%
66%
Mean %
64%
62%
60%
58%
Physical Physiological Psychological
Questionnaire Questionnaire Question
The above table and diagram depicts that, the elderly people staying in old
Section III: To identify the facilities provided for the elderly people in
Table: 3
Statement Max.
Maximum Range Mean S.D s score Mean%
Facilities provided to Elderly people
19.
Food Facilities 32 8 -32 1 4.89 8 32 60%
28.
Living Facilities 40 19 -40 5 6.81 10 40 71%
14.
Recreational Facilities 24 10 -24 4 4.18 5 24 60%
Fig: 12
80%
70%
60%
50%
Mean % 40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Food Living Care in Recreational
Facilities Facilities Health and Facilities
Illness
The above table and diagram depicts that, of the elderly people staying in
old age homes, more than 60% were dissatisfied with food facilities, > 70%
were dissatisfied with living facilities, 53% were dissatisfied with care in
health and illness and 60% were dissatisfied with recreational facilities.
Section IV: To find the association between the knowledge of old age people on
perceived health problems and demographic variables.
Table 4
Respondents knowledge
χ2 p
Demographic Inadequate Moderate Adequate Total
value value
Variables Category n % n % n %
60-65years 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 1
65-70years 1 8% 4 31% 8 62% 13
Age >70 years 2 6% 17 47% 17 47% 36 12.80 0.01
Diabetes
Mellitus 1 33% 2 67% 0 0% 3
Hypertension 2 20% 5 50% 3 30% 10 15.88 0.01
Bronchial
History of Health Asthma 1 50% 0 0% 1 50% 2
Illness Any Other 0 0% 14 40% 21 60% 35
previous occupation, self care activities, history of health illness and dietary
Fig 13: Association between age and knowledge level of elderly people.
100% 0%
90%
80% 47%
70% 62%
60%
50% 100%
%
40%
30% 47%
20% 31%
10%
8% 6%
0%
60-65years 65-70years >70 years
Age
The association between age and knowledge levels is significant (χ2= 12.80)
at 5% level of significance.
Fig 14: Association between gender and knowledge level of elderly people.
51%
46%
47%
60%
33%
50%
20%
40%
30%
3%
20%
10%
0%
Male Female
Gender
Fig 15: Association between marital status and knowledge level of elderly people.
58%
Unm arried 38%
4%
Marital status
42%
Married 46%
12%
Fig 16: Association between education and knowledge level of elderly people.
65% 67%
70% 64%
63%
60%
51%
46%
47%
50%
33% 38%
40% 33%
10% 3%
0% 0%
0%
Male Female Primary Secondary Higher Degree
Secondary
Education
Fig 17: Association between previous occupation and knowledge level of elderly
people.
53% 48%
48%
60%
50% 29%
40%
18%
30%
20% 3%
10%
0%
Professional Any other
Previous Occupation
Fig 18: Association between duration of stay and knowledge level of elderly people.
38%
58%
5& above years
4%
Duration of stay
12%
46%
42%
3-5years
Fig 19: Association between financial dependency and knowledge level of elderly
people.
80%
80%
70% 50%
50% 50%
60% 42%
50%
40%
10% 10%
30%
8%
20% 0%
10%
0%
Self On family members Old age homes
Financial Dependency
Fig 20: Association between self care activities and knowledge level of elderly
people.
64% 75%
80%
46%
70% 54%
60%
50%
40% 23%
25%
30% 14%
20% 0% 0%
10%
0%
Independent Partially Dependent Fully Dependant
Self Care activities
40%
60%
Any Other
0%
History of health illness
50%
50%
Bronchial Asthma
0%
20%
50%
30%
Hypertension
33%
67%
Diabetes Mellitus
0%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Fig 22: Association between dietary status and knowledge level of elderly people.
health is excellent, good, fair, or poor. Both objective indicators and the
subjective measure of self-rated health are designed to capture the health
the two measures. Most people report an evaluation of their health that
In general, those with more functional disabilities are likely to rate their
such as heart disease, chronic lung problems and diabetes also report worse
health.
people.
2) To assess the level of satisfaction with the facilities provided to the
Hypothesis
H1) The elderly people living in old age homes to have health needs.
H2) The elderly people have varying self care abilities and functional
performance.
H3) The elderly people participating in the study will be willing to express
their health problems and the level of satisfaction of facilities provided to
them in old age homes.
Sample Characteristics.
• Among the elderly people, 2% were from age group of 60- 65 years, 26%
were from age group of 65- 70 years and 72% were from age group of >
72 years.(Table-1)
• Among the elderly people, 30% were male and 70% were female (Table-
2).
• Among the elderly people, 32% had primary education, 34% had
secondary education, 28% had higher secondary education and 6% had
graduation.(Table-3)
• Among the elderly people, 30% were married, 6% were unmarried, 62%
were widows and 2% were divorced.(Table-4)
• Among the elderly people, 34% were professionals and 66% were non
professionals.(Table-5)
• Among the elderly people, 52% stayed from 3- 5 years and 48% were
staying more than 5 years.(Table-6)
• Among the elderly people, 20% were self depended for finance, 4% were
dependent on family members and 76% were dependent on old age
homes(Table7)
• Among the elderly people, 44% were independent for self care activities,
48% were partially dependent and 8% were fully dependent. (Table-8)
• Among the elderly people, 6% had diabetes mellitus, 20% had
hypertension, 4% had bronchial asthma and 70% suffered from other
illness. (Table-9)
• Among the elderly people, 18% were well nourished, 66% were
moderately nourished and 16% were poorly nourished. (Table-10)
psychological(64%) problems.(Table-2)
people.
• Among the elderly people staying in old age homes, more than 60%
were dissatisfied with food facilities, > 70% were dissatisfied with
living facilities, 53% were dissatisfied with care in health and illness
care activities, history of health illness and dietary status are significant with
significant.
years.
secondary school.
health problems.
problems.
problems.
The facilities provided for the elderly people in old age Home.
• The elderly people staying in old age homes, more than 60% were
dissatisfied with food facilities, > 70% were dissatisfied with living
facilities, 53% were dissatisfied with care in health and illness and
Nursing Implications
The study findings have several implications in nursing. They can be
Nursing Practice:
will cause a high degree of disability, which will require aid and support
from the need to standardize the NCS in order to facilitate, promote and
1. Risk of infection
2. Impaired Physical Mobility
3. Altered nutrition: less than corporeal needs
4. Self-care deficit
5. Impaired skin integrity
6. Intolerance to activity
7. Pain
8. Sensorial/Perception changes
9. Risk of injury
10. Constipation
11. Diarrhea
12. Impaired verbal communication
13. Confusion
14. Urinary Incontinence
15. Risk of impaired skin integrity
16. Impaired gaseous exchange
17. Risk of ineffective respiratory patterns
18. Anxiety
19. Risk of caregiver weariness
20. Decreased peripheral tissular perfusion
21. Risk of Imbalanced liquid volume
22. Sleeping patterns disturbs
assessment is relevant and useful, not only for the primary health care team,
but also for the elderly person and any involved carers created and is
information and credible services about senior care and housing options. The
the best choice for their aging loved ones. Access to their on-line databases
facilitates the difficult search for home care, assisted living, retirement
the Health and welfare needs of the people One of the aim of nursing
• Absence of fever
• Sepsis without usual leukocytosis and fever
• Falls, decreased appetite or fluid intake, confusion, change in
functional status
"Silent" malignancy
Thyroid disease
• Lack of sadness
• Somatic complaints, such as appetite changes, vague GI symptoms,
constipation, and sleep disturbances
• Hyper activity
• Sadness misinterpreted by provider as normal consequence of aging
• Medical problems that mask depression
• Medical illness that presents as depression
• Hypo- and hyper- thyroid disease that presents as diminished energy
and apathy
Depression
Incontinence
Musculoskeletal stiffness
Falling
Alcoholism
Osteoporosis
Hearing loss
Dementia
Dental Problems
Poor nutrition
Sexual dysfunction
Osteoarthritis.
Limitations.
Suggestion
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the present study, the following recommendations
were offered for the future study.
the dependant variable refers to the perceived health problems of the elderly
people, the Independent variable refers to the facilities provided in the old
age home.
This chapter has been of permanent use in the development of the
the process of natural selection. Survival after the reproductive era is not
Ageing does not produce an abrupt decline in organ function but disease
Healthy old age can be attained with different levels of prevention and
health promotion.
salt, bones to blood, Increasing postural and foot changes. Age changes
interval between the signal of the need to void and the actual emptying of
enjoy the food and eat less because of absence of teeth, less efficient
impairments.
irritability, increasing time required for the heart to return to the resting
stage. The heart and blood vessels are under going age changes leading to
stiffening of the vasculature, hypertrophy of left ventricular wall,
etc.
trauma. Ageing skin and appendages may lead to wrinkles, dry skin,
elderly.
such as diabetes, chronic kidney or liver diseases and some of the drugs
elderly’s sexual urge. Many women, on the other hand, equate the
changes in sex organs that may lead to delayed onset of sexual desire, but
none the less, the desire is there. Older people, unless otherwise contra-
indicated, may continue having sex relations with their partners, so long
increasing rigidity of the small bones in the middle ear, increasing rate of
time for the passage of impulses in the auditory nerve, increasing rate of
time for fluid to drain in the semicircular canals. Age related changes
blood vessels, increasing time required for fluid to drain from eye
occur in the body may be categorized as: (1) External i.e. those that are
visible; (2) Internal, i.e. those which occur in the internal organs of the
body .2 (3) In the sense organ perceptions. External changes are seen
most obviously in the hair, face, skin, stature, posture, bony joints, and
graying of the hair which also tends to become sparse. Wrinkles and
creases in the face result from the loss of fat and elastic fibers, (loss of
teeth progressively, leads to resumption of bone from the upper jaw &
the lower jaw.) When advanced, this produces marked shrinkage in the
shortened distance between the chin & nose. Many elderly persons, in
which slight flexion at the knees and at the hips, tend to contribute further
to diminished stature. An older person has less energy and is not so agile.
A general slowing up of movement is the rule. The gait becomes stiff and
the steps tend to be short. The nervous system, in the joints and in the
muscles. In the nervous system, the loss of cells from the brain and spinal
know and recognize the changes occur, normally, with aging, because
this knowledge helps one to distinguish a particular symptom, sign or
older person falls ill, there are some features which are more often met
because of the age and not because o a particular disease. These have to
account must be take of the others, a patient with a brain stroke, for
vision, heart disease which limits his capacity for effort, an urinary
hips or knees which further limits his mobility. All this as well as the
admonished sense of pain. This makes life less uncomfortable for him,
but it increases the risk that he may injure himself. For example, he may
burn his skin by sitting too close to the fire. Hot water bottles are a
special danger. Even serious injurious like fractures may not be obvious.
An old person, who breaks the neck of the femur, may have only mild
such as acute appendicitis, there may be little pain or tenderness until the
of body temperature is less efficient in the older patient and fever is less
obvious and less severe. Thus an illness which would provoke a sharp
small rise are none at al. If an old person seems unwell, there can be no
assurance in the fact that his temperature is normal. The pulse and
old patients lose their appetite completely. Appetite is probably the last
thing to recover.
SPECIAL HAZARDS OF ILLNESS IN OLD AGE – Young
fight their illness that are not usually expected in your younger
move about. This happens more so in those who are already arthritic or
of the drug.
aging have important implications for such drugs. The elderly are at risk
of reduced elearmes and resulting accumulation of the parent drug & the
active metabolites.
estimate nor over estimates his own ability accepts his limitation and has
interested in others and to love them he has friendship that are long
lasting and satisfied. (3). the mentally healthy person is able to meet the
hygiene of health but also to make the person feel secure, loved at his
home and developing positive habits so that he may have harmonious
more time to integrate their responses, are less capable of dealing with
new earlier experiences, and are less accurate than younger people.
increasing more marked with advancing age. How much the individual
tends to decrease with advancing age, their appreciation for the comic
because elderly people constantly use words most of which were learned
because the elderly learn more slowly and with more difficulty than they
did earlier and partly because they believed that old values and ways of
doing things are better than new ones. This is not mental rigidity in the
MEMORY - Old people tend to have poor recent memories but better
remote memories. This may be due partly to the fact that they are not
attentiveness, and partly to not hearing clearly and distinctly what others
say.
older people use cues, especially visual, auditory and kinesthetic one’s to
senile psychosis and other degeneration disorders. There are, also certain
years.
secondary School.
• Most of the elderly 62% were married.
health problems.
problems.
problems.
The facilities provided for the elderly people in old age Home.
• The elderly people staying in old age homes, more than 60% were
dissatisfied with food facilities, > 70% were dissatisfied with living
facilities, 53% were dissatisfied with care in health and illness and
care activities, history of health illness and dietary status are significant with
significant.
psychological problems.
provided in the old age home. They were very satisfied with the facilities
given during health and illness They were best satisfied with the food
Textbooks:-
Asia.1981.
Company 1976.
9. Self esteem status and self respect towards healthy aging (IInd
edition) 401-521.
10. Park .J.E.AND Park .k.text book of preventive and social Medicine
11. Polit Denise and Hungler, Nursing Research, Principles and Methods
Socity 1983.
13. Mosby, Driksen Medical – surgical Nursing- Older Adult. Page no.
58-80.
Journals:-
(2), 7-8p.
128p.
9-10p.
Dissertations:-
Tai Chi and Perceived Health Status in Older Adults Who Are Transitionally
Frail.
Being old does not always mean being sick perspectives on conditions of
22 Mobility in aging,
project
Karlamangla, PhD, MD
UK. t.willgoss@mmu.ac.uk
In the UK, population screening for unmet need has failed to improve the
2000.
Pamela.Ramage-Morin@statcan.gc.ca
Yuko Okamoto, PhD, RN; Keiko Koyama, PhD, MD; Akiko Honda,
PhD, RN
Residential Facilities and Long-Term Psychiatric Care: A review of the most
recent literature has helped identify at least some of the most relevant
summarize.
Web Sites
www.geriatricnursing.com
www.greonotology.com
www.helpage.com
www.ageandaging.com etc.
ANNEXURE-1
To,
Sr Antoinette,
Mother Superior,
Thanking you,
Yours Sincerely,
Principal,
ANNEXURE-2
Letter of permission granted for pilot study in Little sister of the poor Home for the
Letter seeking expert’s opinion in validating tool and information regarding topic.
From
TO,
I, Ms. Mona Prabhakar Londhe, am a 2nd. year Msc. nursing student - Medical
Surgical Nursing - at Navaneetham College of Nursing, and as a part of my academic
requirement of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Science, have undertaken to do a
research project on,
I humbly request you to kindly give your expert opinion and suggestions on the above
subject, its scope, and the need for modification or deletion, by using the evaluation criteria
checklist enclosed.
Yours Sincerely,
Please find attached herein below the following documents for your kind reference
2) Tool.
a) Demographic Data-Part-I
6) Criteria rating scale for validation of the knowledge of perceived health problems
amoung elderly people and facilities provided to them in old age home.
Forwarded By,
Principal,
ANNEXURE-4
This is to certify that tool for “A study to assess knowledge of perceived health
problems among the elderly people and facilities provided to them in selected old
age homes in Bangalore city.a view to develop information and above topic prepared by
Mona Prabhakar Londhe, IInd year Msc Nursing Student of Navneetham College of
nursing Hormav, all content of tool is found to be valid.
Signature of expert.
Name:-
Designation:-
Address:-
Date:-
ANNEXURE-5
Instruction:
Kindly review the items in the tool. If you are agree with the criteria, place a tick
mark in Relevant column otherwise place a tick mark in need modification column or not
relevant and give your comments in the ‘Remarks ‘Column.
PART-I Demographical Data:
PART-III
Signature of Expert.
ANNEXURE-6
4 Marital Status
a) Married
b) Unmarried
c) Widow
d) Divorce
5 Previous Occupation
a)Professional
b)Any other
6 Duration of Stay
a) <3 years
b) 3-5years
c) 5& above years
7 Financial Dependency
a)Self
b)On family member
c) Old age homes
d) Any other
8 Self Care Activities
a) Independent
b) Partially Dependent
c) Fully Dependant
9 History of Health Illness
a)Diabetes Mellitus
b)Hypertension
c)Bronchial Asthma
d) Any Other
ANNEXURE-7
List of Validators.
Bangalore.
Bangalore.
Belgaum.
4. Mrs.M.Sumitra.
Bangalore.
5. Mr.Umapathy.
HOD of Statistics.
ANNEXURE-8
Letter of Joint Director of Horticulture Lal Bag Bangalore for Free Entry Pass
Pix of candidate who is assessing the elderly people in Home for the Aged in
Bangalore.