Topology: Full Bridge

Circuit diagrams:

S1 S2
D1 Q2 D2
Q1
+ vo - + vo -
+ +
Vdc Vdc
- io io
-
S3 S4 Q3 Q4 D4
D3

(a) (b)

Switching states possibilities for full bridge inverter

Mode S1 S2 vo Notes
I OFF OFF 0 Freewheeling
II OFF ON -Vdc -
III ON OFF +Vdc -
IV ON ON 0 Freewheeling

(c)

Figure 4-2-1 Full bridge inverter (a) using ideal switches, (b) using IGBTs and antiparallel
diodes, (c) switching states.
 Switching schemes:

(i) Square Wave (SW)

Circuit Operation and key waveforms:

D2 Q1 D1 Q2 D2
Q1 Q1 Q2
+ vo - + vo -
+ +
Vdc Vdc
io - io
-
Q3 Q3 D3 Q4 D4
D3 Q4 D4

(i) Mode 1a (ii) Mode 1b

D2 D1 Q1 D2
Q1 D1 Q2 Q1
+ vo - + + vo -
+
Vdc Vdc
io - io
-
Q3 Q4 D4 Q3 D3 Q4 D4
D3

(iii) Mode 2a (iv) Mode 2b

(a)

VG1
θ
VG2 θ
VG3
θ
VG4
θ

+Vdc
vo

io

θ
ø π+ø 2π+ø

-Vdc
D1 Q1 D2 Q2 D1 Q1
D4 Q4 D3 Q3 D4 Q4
(b)
Figure 4-2-2 Full bridge inverter with square wave switching scheme, a) circuit for
each mode of conduction, b) vo and io waveforms.
 (ii) Quasi-square Wave (QSW)

Circuit Operation and key waveforms:

D2 Q1 D1 Q2 D2
Q1 D1 Q2
+ vo - + vo -
+
+
Vdc
Vdc io
io -
-
Q3 Q3 D3 Q4 D4
D3 Q4 D4

(i) Mod 1 (ii) Mod 2a

(0≤θ<α) ( α ≤θ <φ )

D1 Q2 D2 D2
Q1 Q1 D1 Q2
+ vo - + vo -
+ +
Vdc Vdc
- io - io

Q3 D3 Q4 D4 Q3 Q4 D4
D3

(iii) Mod 2b (iii) Mod 3

(φ ≤θ <π−α ) (π−α≤θ<π+α)

D2 Q1 Q2
Q1 D1 Q2 D1 D2
+ vo - + vo -
+ +
Vdc Vdc
- io io
-
Q3
Q3 D3 Q4 D4 Q4 D4
D3

(iii) Mod 4a (iv) Mod 4b

( π+α ≤ θ <π+φ) ( π+φ≤θ<2π−α)
(a)
 VG1
θ
VG2 θ
VG3
θ
VG4
θ

+Vdc
vo
io

θ
α φ π +φ 2π
π-α π π+α

-Vdc
D4 D1 Q1 D2 D2 Q2 D4
Q3 D2 Q4 Q1 D3 Q3 Q3

(b)

Figure 4-2-3 Full bridge inverter with quasi square wave output voltage, a)
circuits for each conduction modes, b) output voltage and current.

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