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Written examination 2
FORMULA SHEET
Directions to students
Calculus
d n
dx
( )
x = nx n −1 ∫ x dx = n + 1 x
n 1 n +1
+ c, n ≠ −1
d ax
dx
( )
e = aeax ∫e
ax
dx =
1 ax
a
e +c
d
dx
( log e ( x ) ) =
1
x
1
∫ x dx = log e x +c
d
dx
( sin ( ax ) ) = a cos ( ax ) 1
∫ sin ( ax ) dx = − a cos ( ax ) + c
d 1
dx
(cos(ax)) = − a sin(ax) ∫ cos ( ax ) dx = a sin ( ax ) + c
d
dx
( tan ( ax ) ) =
a
cos ( ax )
2
= a sec 2 ( ax )
d dv du du dv
product rule: ( uv ) = u + v d ⎛u⎞
v −u
dx dx dx = dx dx
dx ⎜⎝ v ⎟⎠
quotient rule:
v2
dy dy du approximation: f ( x + h ) ≈ f ( x ) + hf ′ ( x )
chain rule: =
dx du dx
Probability
Pr( A) = 1 − Pr ( A′ ) Pr ( A ∪ B ) = Pr ( A ) + Pr ( B ) − Pr ( A ∩ B )
Pr ( A ∩ B )
Pr ( A B ) =
Pr ( B )
mean: μ = E ( X ) variance: var ( X ) = σ 2 = E ( X − μ ) ( 2
) = E( X ) − μ
2 2
continuous ∞ ∞
Pr ( a < X < b ) = ∫ f ( x ) dx x f ( x ) dx ( x − μ )2 f ( x ) dx
b
μ=∫ σ2 =∫
a −∞ −∞