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Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductor use to carry electricity and
associated device. General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or
to building and structure, commonly to as building wiring.

Electrical wiring whether for residential, commercial or industrial project must be

carefully installed and maintained in such a way it will provide safety to person and
property. This requires good workmanship, knowledge of electrical principle and
circuitry. Familiarity with electrical wiring accessories is an important provision
beside an awareness of and strict adherence to the provision of the National Electrical
Code (NEC).

The surface wiring is the basic wiring that has been use to many purposes. Usually,
this type of wiring does not have any problem encountered such as the view, the
alignment and many other aspects. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen
with bare eyes. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen with bare eyes.
Concealed wiring is wiring that is covered over by the finish of the building and
therefore considered as inaccessible. It is usually for single phase supply of
electricity. Building of bricks or concrete is suitable for this type. The mechanical
damage can be avoided. There are many cable required during installation. It is also
high durability of cable required, small power consumption and usually used PVC
insulated conduits.

An electrical conduit is a purpose designed electrical piping system used for

protection and routing of electrical wiring. Electrical wiring may be made by metal,
plastic, fiber or fired clay. Flexible conduit is also available for special purposes.
Conduit is generally installed by electrician at the site of installation of electrical
equipment. Its use, form and installation detail are often specified by wiring
regulation such as NEC it other national or local code.

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There are two types of wiring with are:
i. Surface wiring
î Single phase supply, small power consumption.
î ÿostly timber building or half brick/timber.
î -ow installation cost.
î Final circuit (less or a few).
î No mechanical damage occurs at site/observed.
î Fast installation.

ii. Conceal wiring

î Single phase supply.
î Building of bricks or concrete.
î Needs beauty or neatness to wall.
î ÿechanical damages can be avoided.
î ÿany cable required during installation.
î Digh durability of cables is required.
î Small power consumption.

To choose the type of wiring to be use we have to consider to a few factors. The factors
in choosing the type of wiring are:
i. Cost
ii. Durability
iii. Neatness
iv. Safety
v. Effectiveness
vi. Flexibility

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Œ
   

Y. To identify the process of electrical wiring installation for the single storey house
as given in the laboratory.
2. To review and discuss all the process of electrical wiring installation for the single
storey house.
3. To prepare the schematic diagram for the electrical wiring installation.

[
 

Y. Electrical wiring simple board

2. Camera



 

Y. The component of electrical wiring at sample board was identified.

2. Suggestion of the electrical devices accessories that suitable to the electrical
installation was made.
3. The schematic diagram of electrical wiring system was drawn.
4. The schematic diagram of current supply for domestic building (house) was
drawn.

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  Y
  
 

A. GANG ÿ/C SOCKET å Device commonly employed in

domestic installation to facilitate the
connection to the main supply of
portable lighting fitting and others
appliances.
å It is fixed and design to receive a plug
that carries protruding metal contacts
corresponding to recessed contact in he
socket outlet.
B. FAN REGU-ATOR

å To control the current that flow to the

fan.
å The higher the speed of the fan, the
lasses resistance in the current flow

C. F-UORECENT -AÿP

å This is low pressure variation of the

mercury discharge energized mercury
atoms emit ultra violet radiation and a
blue light

D. BU-B

å Provide a combination of visible

radiation and ultraviolet light.

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 ITEÿ FUNCTION
E. WIRE å Important component in electrical
installation.
å Connect the power sources
(electricity) and the equipment that
use it.
å The type of wire depends on the
method used/adopted.
Wire :
Red ± live wire
Green ± earth wire
Black - neutral wire

F. EARTD -EAKAGE CURCUIT BREAKER

å safety device used in electrical
installations with high earth
impedance to prevent shock.
å The main purpose of earth leakage
protectors is to prevent injury to
humans and animals due to electric
shock

(E-CB)
G. DIRECT ON-INE STARTER å Act as the switch to the air
conditioner. -et the current floe to
the air conditioner

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 Œ  



 


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After electricity is produced at power plants is has to get to the customers that use
the electricity. Our cities, towns, states and the entire country are crisis-crossed with
power lines that ³carry´ the electricity. As large generators spin, they produce electricity
with a voltage of about 25,000 volts. A volt is a measurement of electromotive force in
electricity. The electricity first goes to a transformer at the power plant that boosts the
voltage up to 400,000 volts. When electricity travels long distances it is better to have it
at higher voltages (more efficiently at high voltages).
The long thick cables of transmission lines are made of copper or aluminum because they
have a low resistance. Digh voltage transmission lines carry electricity long distances to a
substation. From this substation, electricity in different power levels is used to run
factories, streetcars and mass transit, light street lights and stop light, and is sent to
neighborhood. When electricity enters (example house), it must pass through a meter and
goes through a fuse box. The fuse box protects the house in case of problems. When a
fuse (circuit breaker) ³blows´ or ³trips´ something wrong with an appliance or something
was short circuited.

  Œ Y
 
 


A process in the delivery of electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical

power. Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a
populated area. This process can be divided into two phases; primary transmission and
secondary transmission.
(a) Primary Transmission
A set of transformer at bulk transmission station- To raise the generated power
(YY-25kV) to the high voltages (500kV) used on the high voltage transmission
lines called the National Grid. The connection in the transformers from power
generated by alternator to the power supplied to the high power lines may be
typed Delta to Delta or Delta to Star (Wye) or other combinations. Delta-star is
commonly used because safety of additional neutral line can be incorporated.

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 (b)Secondary Transmission
Secondary high transmission substation- Consists of step-down transformer from
500kv to 33kV. The power will supply to large heavy industries and various
states.

  Œ [  
 

Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity
to end users. It is generally considered to include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV)
power lines, electrical substations and pole mounted transformers, low voltage(less than
Y000 V) distribution wiring and sometimes electricity meters.
The process can be divided into two phase;
(a) Primary Distribution Substations
Consists of step-down transformer from 33 kV to YYkV.These will supply the
heavy consumption of high-rise commercial buildings, factories of heavy to
medium consumption and large cities or suburban areas.
Distribution cables on large unipole- consist of single pole of either reinforced
concrete of CDS steel pole with supporting branches on both sides to supports
hanging cables. Other method used is by underground due to heavy traffics.

(b)Secondary Distribution Substations

Consists of step-down transformer from YYkV to 4Y5kV or and 240kV.Thes
substation usually located within the housing areas, villages or towns.
Distribution cables on small unipole- similar to the poles of primary distribution
but used much more common.

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Based on laboratory that we have done, we conclude that Electrical wiring in

general refers to insulated conductor use to carry electricity and associated device. For
our report, we find out the process of the electrical wiring installation for single storey
house. There are two types of electrical wiring. The surface wiring is the basic wiring that
has been used for many purposes. Another type of wiring is concealed wiring which is
wiring that is covered over by the finish of the building and therefore considered as
inaccessible. These two wiring are use insulated conduits to avoid the mechanical
damages. An electrical conduit used for protect the electrical wiring. We also prepared
the schematic diagram for the electrical before and after wiring installation
For current supply in domestic building, it can be divided into three major works
before it is arrive to the consumer to use it in their resident. The three major step known
as electrical power generation which is the production of electric at power plant and then
it will go to electrical power transmission which is process in the delivery of electricity to
consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power and last before it go to the consumer is
electric power distribution which it will distribute the electric according to the need.
Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity
to end users.
General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or to building
and structure electrical wiring must be carefully installed and maintained in such a way it
will provide safety to persons and property. This required good workmanship, knowledge
of electrical principle and circuitry.

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§

    

Ray C. ÿullin, Robert -. Smith ñ
  

 
  
   
 
   ñ
 
 ññ  ñë
Cengage -earning,
2004, New York

Ray C. ÿullin, ³ñ
 



 
 
  ñ


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 , Cengage -earning, 2004, New York

Rex Cauldwell, ³

!"
´, Taunton Press, 2002, United State of America

http://hubpages.com/hub/electrical wiring, Accessed on Y0 February 20YY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiring, Accessed on Y2 February 20YY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical, Accessed on Y2 February 20YY

http://www.answers.com/topic/electric-wirig ?cat=technology, Accessed on Y4 February

20YY)

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