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Chapter 13
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonds

Ionic bond Bond that forms when electrons (valence) are transferred
from one atom to another atom.
(ex: salts)
Oppositely charged ions (+/-)

GOAL: Fill outer energy level

Neutral atoms Electrons (-) = Protons (+)
charges cancel each other out

Ions (p. 369 figure 2) Charged particles that form when atoms gain or lose electrons.
(# of protons stays the same, # electrons will be different)
Positive ions Atoms that lose electrons (more protons than electrons) create
positive charge
Happens in metals
use superscript (+/-) to name ion

Negative ions Energy needed to take electrons comes from negative ions

Atoms that gain electrons (more electrons than protons)

Happen usually with nonmetals
When oxygen group gains 2 electrons it adds an ending of -ide
Group 17 gives off most energy when they gain an electron.
(very reactive)

Ionic Compounds Electrons lost (metal)= number gained (nonmetal)

Crystal lattice-repeating 3 dimensional pattern (strong

attraction gives compounds certain properties. Ex: brittleness,
melting points, high boiling points
Covalent bonds Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
( have low melting/boiling points, brittle (wood))

attraction between nuclei

share because too much energy is required to lose electrons

Molecule Usually 2 or more atoms joined in a definite ratio
(water molecule)
Electron Dot diagrams Model that shows only valence electrons
Helps predict how atoms might bond

Practice Electron dot Hydrogen

diagrams

Lithium

Carbon
Diatomic Diatomic molecule-Molecules made up of two or more atoms
molecules/elements Diatomic element-Elements found in nature (O, N, Halogens)

simplest molecules

more complex molecules exist

Metallic bonds Bond formed by the attraction between positively charged

metal ions and the electrons in the metal.

Allows metals to be shaped

Overlapping outer energy levels= close bonds

Positive to negative
Metal Properties Metallic bonding allows metals to conduct an electric current.

Conductivity
Ductility (drawn through wires)
Malleability (hammered or pounded into thin sheets)