SUBSTATION LAYOUT

Design and considerations

 Layout diagram
After bus arrangement is decided,
Key diagram and then layout drawing should be
prepared- to show actual position of each
equipment
Land plan- boundaries of the land acquired
 Civil works
 Electrical works
 Roads and paths for the movement of men and
material
 Electrical works
• For placing the various equipment in the switchyard.
• The no. of columns and beams to support the
busbars and incoming and outgoing connections
depends upon the system voltage.
• It should reveals
 Physical position of each equipment
 Distance between various equipments
 Phase segregation distance
 Phase to ground clearance
 Erection
• In electrical layout, overhead wire (for protecting against
lightning strokes) will be marked. O/H wire decides no.
of columns and beams by the structural engineer.
• Steel erection key- determines no. of various structures
to be fabricated and helps the field erectors to erect the
various structures at right positions.
• No. of supporting structures (Las, Pts, CTs, CBs,
Insulators, etc) should be finalized from the drawing
• Supporting structures, columns and beams may be of
steel or reinforced cement concrete.
 Clearances

Various clearances for different voltages

 T o ensure satisfactory performance in service
 Safety of personnel in inspection, operation and maintenance work

Electrical clearance
 Earth clearance
 Phase clearance (flash over)
 Section clearance-safety clearance to conductors (min distance bt unscreened
live wires and work section. When screens are interposed, the distance is to
be taken as a taut string measurement around the edge of the screen)
 Ground clearance- safety clearance to insulators (min distance bt insulators
and work section)
 Work section (open type switchgear)

• It should be capable of delimitation by screens

or other means of restricting access to live
conductors
• Any convenient sub division of a switching
station that include one or more items of
equipment
 Busbar material
• Bus bar conductor
• Post type insulators
• Suspension insulator strings
• Terminal connectors, clamps, tees, etc
 Substation – Detailed Engineering
Electrical
 Protection and Metering SLD
 Substation Layout Plan and
Sections
 Substation Clearance Diagram
 Erection Key Diagram
 Earthing & Lightning Protection
 Lighting System Design
 Cable Routing and Schedule
 Control Room Equipment Layout
 Battery and LVAC System
 SCADA System
 Project Bill Of Materials
Civil and Structural
Foundation Design and Engineering
Structure Design and Engineering
Control Room Building Design and
Engineering
Lightning & Lighting Mast
Foundation and Cable Trench Layout
Storm Water Drainage System
Road, Drain, Duct Bank
Transformer and Reactor Foundation
Transformer Fire Wall and Soak Pit
Project Bill Of Materials
 Detailed enginnering
System Studies and Reports
• Data Collection
• Power System studies for
network expansion
• Techno Economic Feasibility
Studies
• Detailed Project Reports in
WB/ADB format
• Financial Analysis
• Year wise Implementation
Schedule
Project Management
Project Scheduling and
Control
Progress Monitoring
and Co-ordination
Inspection and
Expediting
Project Engineering
Basic and Conceptual
Engineering
Project Development
Site Selection Engineering Specifications
through Distribution Preparation of Tender
Planning Document
Studies Bid Evaluation /
Selection of schemes Recommendations
Layout Configuration Post Contract Engineering /
Permits and Review and Approval of Vendor
Approvals Documents
Detailed Design and Drawings
Site Services
Supervision of Construction and Erection
Protection co-ordination and relay setting
Testing and Commissioning
Preparation of O & M Manuals
As-Built drawings
Quality Control Implementation
Measurement and Certification
 Procedure for drawing

General Drawings
Drawings of electrical plant and machines shall include, where appropriate:
a. Overall dimensions;
b. Terminal point details;
c. Minimum clearances;
d. Design pressures and temperatures for plant or plant items subject to
pressure and temperatures higher than ambient; and
e. Insets, where necessary, to ensure every item of the assembly is clearly shown.
Requirements of Shop Drawings
• Detailed shop drawings shall be prepared covering all aspects of the works.
• The Designer shall review the shop drawings and any other technical
submissions
• to ensure that the proposed works comply with the design intent.
 Electrical Drawings

• Electrical drawings for the installation shall be drafted in accordance with AS 1102
and shall include the following:
a. Single Line Diagrams showing:
− Bus rating and switchboard characteristics;
− Current transformer ratios;
− Circuit breaker and fuse current ratings; and
− Ratings of capacitors, resistors and any other electrical devices.
− Items shall be designated as per AS 3702;
b. Substation Layout drawing to scale;
c. Site Layout drawings to scale;
d. Cable schedules (if required);
e. Overall system diagrams, for communication and control systems
showing cable types and system components; and
f. Block cabling diagrams
As-Constructed Drawings
Provide “As Constructed” drawings that show as a minimum:
a. The final locations of cables, pits, cable joints etc;
b. Wiring diagrams for all equipment installed including termination
diagrams;
c. General arrangement drawings showing details of all equipment
installed; and
d. Any information as required facilitating operation and maintenance of the equipment.
e. The “As Constructed” drawings shall form the basis of the Operations and Maintenance
Manuals.
System Drawings
The designer shall prepare revised system documentation whenever an alteration is preformed to
the reticulation system or a new system is installed.
As a minimum the following documentation shall be provided in suitable hard copy and digital
format in accordance with the Defence requirements
a. Base HV single line diagram;
b. Base HV geographic layouts;
c. Substation/switching station schematics for all effected substations and
switching stations;
d. HV switchboards schematics for the main high voltage nodes such as
CEPS and ISS, and
e. LV distribution pillar schematics.
Key diagram of 11kv substation
Key diagram for 33kv substation
Key diagram of 66kv substation
Key diagram for protection
Key diagram for indoor substation
Reuse of scrap material