Wave Screen

4/14/2011
มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีพระจอมเกลา ธนบุรี
CET 602 การศึกษาโครงการวิจัยเฉพาะเรื่อง
คาสัมประสิทธิ์การสงผานคลืน
่ ของแผงกรองคลืน
่
กรณีศก ึ ษาในทะเลอาวไทย
(W
(Wave Transmission Coefficient of the Wave Screen: A Case Study in the Gulf of Thailand)
T i i C ffi i t f th W S AC St d i th G lf f Th il d)
นายกัมปนาท ชีวะปรีชา
52430501
การนําเสนอ
• รูจัก (1) แผงกรองคลื่น (2) คาสัมประสิทธิ์การ
สง ผา นคลืืน
่ (3) ประโยชน
ป โ ช  และ (4) กรณีศ
ี ึกษา
• กรอบการดําเนินงานและความกาวหนาโดยรวม
• ทฤษฎีและงานวิจัยทีเ่ กีย ่ วของ
• แผนการดําเนินงานระยะตอไป
1
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แผงกรองคลื่น
Wave Screen/Perforate Plate
(Wall/Structure)/Slotted Wall/Pile Wall/Pile
Wall/Pile-Support
Support
Vertical Wall/Skirt Breakwater/Porous BW
RTD Coefficient
• Reflection (Kr), (Cr)
• Transmission (Kt), (Ct), (KA)
• Energy Dissipation (Kl), (Cl), (Kd), (Cd)
K d  1  K t2  K r2
Hi
Ht
Ht
Hr Kt 
Kr  Hi
Hi
2
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Application & Justification

• For calm water in harbor basin
• In order
d to resolve
l problem
bl off rubble
bbl mound
d
(conventional) breakwater which
– requires large foot print (deteriorating benthos),
– requires great amount of construction material,
– blocks littoral drift, causing severe erosion or
accretion in neighboring beaches, and
– prevents circulation of water, deteriorating the
water quality
Source: Kyung‐Duck Suh et. Al. (2006) 5
Conventional Breakwaters
SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, ENGINEERING MANUAL: 6
ENGINEERING AND DESIGN: DESIGN OF BREAKWATERS AND JETTIES, 1986, p. 1-4
3
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Vertical Wall
7
SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, SHORE PROTECTION VOLUME II, 1984, p. 6-91
Float BW
SOURCE:
DESIGN OF
BREAKWATERS
AND JETTIES,8
1986, p. 1-8
4
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Sloping Float BW
SOURCE: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS, OFFICE OF THE CHIEF OF ENGINEERS, ENGINEERING MANUAL: 9
ENGINEERING AND DESIGN: DESIGN OF BREAKWATERS AND JETTIES, 1986, p. 7-7
Case Studies
• Gulf of Thailand
(Pil t Station)
(Pilot St ti )
• The Andaman Sea

(Ao Chalong Marina)
10
5
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Pilot Station
Hydrographic Map no 112 11
Pilot Station
12
6
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Ao Chalong Marina
13
Ao Chalong Marina
Wave Screen
Floating Breakwater
14
7
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Floating Breakwater
15
ศึกษาทฤษฎีและ
ขอมูลลมชวงเวลา ขอมูลลม
รวบรวมงานศึกษาวิจัย
Framework ที่เกีย
่ วของ
วัดความสูงคลื่น สถานีนํารอง
ศึกษาแผงกรองคลื่น สังเคราะหขอมูลคลื่น
สถานีนํารอง จากขอมูลลม
ตรวจวัดความสูงคลื่น เปรียบเทียบ
ปรับเทียบอุปกรณ สังเคราะหขอมูลคลื่น
กอนผาน ผลการสังเคราะห
ตรวจวัด จากขอมูลลม
แผงกรองคลืน่ กับผลการตรวจวัด
ตรวจวัดความสูงคลื่น
หลังผาน
แผงกรองคลืน่
สภาพแวดลอม วิเคราะหปจจัย
บริเวณสถานีนํารอง ที่มีผลกระทบ
พัฒนารูปสมการแสดง
วิเคราะหประสิทธิภาพ
ความสัมพันธระหวาง
ของแผงกรองคลืน ่
ปจจัยที่มีผลกระทบ 16
8
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่ วของ
พัฒนารูปสมการแสดง
ของแผงกรองคลืน ่
งานที่ดําเนินการแลว ปจจัยที่มีผลกระทบ 17
Literature Review
• Balaji. R and Sundar. V, Hydraulic Performance of Double Screen Breakwaters,
ftp://ftp.Hamburg.baw.de
• C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single- and Double-Wave
Screens, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering Volume 136,
January/February 2010
• Jonathan Goldstick, Lazar Loundine, Fixed Wave Screen Designs, Ports 2004: Port
Development in the Changing World
• Kyung-Duck Such et. al., Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pile-Support Vertical Wall
Breakwaters, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, March/April
2006
• M. Fufazza and L. Natale, Hydraulic Design of Perforated Breakwaters, Journal of
Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 1, January/February
1992
• O.S. Rageh, A.S. Koraim, Hydraulic performance of vertical walls with horizontal slots
used as breakwater, Journal of Coastal Engineering 57, Issue 8, August 2010, p.745 –
756,
• Pengzhi Lin and S. A. S. Anuja Karunarathna, Numerical Study of Solitary Wave
Interaction with Porous Breakwaters, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean
Engineering, September/October 2007
• V. Shepsis et. Al., Recent Experience in Analysis and Design of Perforated Vertical
Breakwaters, Port 2007: 30 Years of Shearing Ideas 18
9
4/14/2011
Literature Review
Journal of Waterway, Port Conferences Journal of Engineering Journal of Coastal

Port, Coastal, and Mechanics Engineering
Ocean Engineering
Coastal Engineering Shore Protection Marine structure

Manual, 2008 Manual Vol. I, II, 1984 engineering: Special
applications, 1995
19
Floating Breakwater
Prism
Catamaran
Tire Assembly
Ct: Transmission
coefficient
W: Width of floating
Width of floating
breakwater
L: Wave length
Source: US Army Corp of Engineer, Engineering and Design:

Coastal Engineering Manual 1110-2-1100, 2008, p.II-7-25
20
10
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Simplified Analytical Methods

RIGIDLY MOORED
Macagno (1953)
1
Kt 
2
 h 
 B sinh  
1  L 
 L cosh 2 h  d   
  L  
Kt: Transmission coefficient
Carr (1952) for shallow water (H/L < 0.04)
B: Width of Floating BW
dt o oat g
1 D: Draft of Floating BW
Kt 
2 h: Water depth
 B  D 
1   1   T: Wave period
 L  h  D  L: Wave length
Source: Gregory P. Tsinker, Marine Structures Engineering Specialized Applications, Chapman &
Hall, 1995, p. 379 ‐ 380 21
Numerical Model Roll 3
Ito and Chiba (1972) Pitch
 m 
 aij xi  K ijh  K ijm xi  F j t 
3
heap
i 1
ij Surge
2
For j = 1 - 3 Sway 1
• No damping was considered,

• xi and x¨i are displacement and acceleration of floating breakwater whilst its
subscripts (1 – 3) refer to sway, heap and roll,
• m1, m2 refer to breakwater mass per length for sway and heap whilst m3 is roll
mass moment of inertia per unit length,
• a11, a22, and a33 are added mass for sway, heap and roll,
• K11m, K22m, and K33m are effect of mooring spring (restrain) in sway, heap, and
roll,
• K22h, and K33h are hydrostatic restoring in heap and roll direction
Source: Gregory P. Tsinker, Marine Structures Engineering Specialized Applications, Chapman & Hall,
22
1995, p. 381 ‐ 383
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Ito and Chiba (1972) Roll 3
Pitch
 m 
 aij xi  K ijh  K ijm xi  F j t 
3
heap
i 1
ij Surge
2
Sway 1
Hydrostatic restoring force Added Mass
K 22 h  2 gB a11  0
K 33h  2 gDBGM
a22  2 
a
3h  D 

B 2  h  D 
2

B 3  B 2 h  D 2  
a33  2    
: Fluid density h  D   45 9 
g: Gravity acceleration
GM: Metacentric height
23
Ito and Chiba (1972)

Since the three equations of motion have five unknowns (x1, x2, x3,
ar, and at), other two conditions are needed. The compliment
conditions are velocityy potential
p at sea side and lee side under
conditions of inviscid, incompressible, and irrotational.
1 2
 0 For 0 > z > ‐ D
x x D
1 2
 iG 2  1 
h
 For ‐D > z > ‐ h 1 2
x x
24
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Irregular Wave
St  f   K t  f  Si  f 
2

H t 1 / 3  4. 0  S  f df
0
t
Kt 
 S  f df
t
K t1 / 3  0

Si  S  f df
0
i
St
Source: Gregory P. Tsinker, Marine Structures Engineering Specialized Applications, Chapman & Hall,
25
1995, p. 386 ‐ 387
Vertical
Wall
Source: US Army Corp
of Engineer, Coastal
Engineering Manual
1110‐2‐1100, 2008,
p.II‐7‐25
26
13
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Skirt Breakwater
Wiegel (1960)
d
Eq. II‐7‐5
“…Limited monochromatic wave test by Wiegel (1960) and Irregular wave test by Gilman
and Nottingham (1992) indicate that equation II‐7‐5 can be used for preliminary design
calculations..”
Source: US Army Corp of Engineer, Coastal Engineering Manual 1110‐2‐1100, 2008, p.II‐7‐26
27
Hydraulic Design of Perforated

Breakwaters
Jalan Breakwater
M. Fufazza and L. Natale, Hydraulic Design of Perforated Breakwaters,
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 118,
No. 1, January/February 1992 28
14
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Math Model
Continuity equation Dynamic equation
 p1 p0 
u0  u1 u   U U    tUdl  0
x   2 l
 p  U: Mean velocity in the pore = r.u0
 w r: Porosity
t  z
L: Length of the jet
M. Fufazza and L. Natale, Hydraulic Design of : Loss coefficient, either plate
Perforated Breakwaters, Journal of Waterway, Port, orifice or pipe
Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 1, p: Dynamic pressure
January/February 1992 : Density 29
Experiment & Theory
Single Chamber Two Chambers
M. Fufazza and L. Natale, Hydraulic Design of Perforated Breakwaters, Journal of
30
Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, Vol. 118, No. 1, January/February 1992
15
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Numerical Study of Solitary Wave

Interaction with Porous Breakwaters
Pengzhi Lin and S. A. S. Anuja Karunarathna, Numerical Study of Solitary Wave Interaction

with Porous Breakwaters, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering,
September/October 2007 31
Math Model
p pressure
 density
g gravitational acceleration
x direction
 Kinematic viscosity
n porosity
d50 median particle
u fluid velocity
f resistance force = fI+fD

16
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Theory & Numerical
Theory Kr
Numerical Kr
Theory Kt
Numerical Kr

Hydraulic Performance of Vertical Walls with

Horizontal slots used as breakwater
O.S. Rageh, A.S. Koraim, Hydraulic performance of vertical walls with horizontal slots used
34
as breakwater, Journal of Coastal Engineering 57, Issue 8, August 2010, p.745 – 756,
17
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35
Physical Model
36
18
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Physical Model
37
H i , Hr & Ht
Tranmission Wave
Incident Wave Reflected Wave
Hydraulic performance of
vertical walls with horizontal
slots used as breakwater 38
19
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Dimensionless Study
h D H 
kt , k r , k d  f  , ,  , f , i2 
L h gT 
h Water depth
L Wave length
D Draft
 Porosityy
f Friction coefficient
Hi Height of incident wave
g Gravity acceleration
T Wave period
39
Friction coefficient
h D H 
kt , k r , k d  f  , ,  , f , i2 
L h gT 
f = 5.5
40
20
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41
Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pile-

Support Vertical Wall Breakwaters
Kyung‐Duck Such et. al., Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pile‐Support Vertical Wall Breakwaters,
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, March/April 2006 42
21
4/14/2011
Physical Model
Leeside of the flume
Section
Plan
Flume 104x3.7 m, 4.6 m deep
0.6
Transmission 0.4
Reflection
d/h = 0.2 d/h = 0.2
0.4
0.6
Regular Wave
Energy dissipation
Experiment Predict
d/h = 0.2
d/h = 0.4
d/h = 0.2
0.6 0.4 d/h = 0.6
22
4/14/2011
Irregular Wave
Experiment Predict
d/h = 0.2
d/h = 0.4
d/h = 0.6
Pile Wall – Curtain Wall & Pile Support Vertical Wall

Pile support vertical
Pile wall wall
Curtain wall
Pile support Curtain wall Pile wall

vertical wall
Pile support Curtain wall Pile wall

vertical wall
23
4/14/2011
Hydrodynamic Performance of
Single- and Double-Wave Screens
C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and Double‐Wave Screens,

Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering Volume 136, January/February
2010 47
Physical Model
• Flume dimension is 72.5 m long,
2 m wide, and 2.7 m deep
• Submerge depth ratio (ds/h) of
first row (and single screen)
varied between 0.25 – 1.0 @
porosity 23.1%
• Submerge depth and porosity of
second wave screen was
constant.
• Wave frequency was set between
0.5 – 1.0 Hz @ 0.1 Hz interval
• 3 wave height were
experimented, 0.05 m, 0.10 m,
Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and
and 0.15 m
Double‐Wave Screens 48
24
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Single Wave Screen
Single wave screen

2010 49
Double-Wave Screens
Double wave screen

2010 50
25
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Influence Parameters
Single wave screen Double wave screen

2010 51
Hydraulic Performance of Double

Screen Breakwater
• The size of wave flume is 72.5 m long, 2.0 m wide and 2.7 m deep.
• Water depth
p was keep p constant at 0.95 m.
• The wave screen was basically consist of a series of 160 mm diameter pipe.
• Porosity on the seaside was either 23.8% or 5.9% but constant 5.9% on
leeside (DSB1 & DSB2).
• Peak period (TP) varied between 1 – 2 second, correspondence to B/LP
between 0.097 – 1.28.
Balaji. R and Sundar. V, Hydraulic Performance of Double Screen Breakwaters,
ftp://ftp.Hamburg.baw.de 52
26
4/14/2011
Physical Model
• 3 wave gauges were installed in front of wave screen to decomposing incident

wave and reflected wave in accordance to Mansard and Funke ((1980)’s
) guide.
g
• 1 wave gauge was fixed in wave chamber whilst another on leeside
• 5 pressure transducers were fixed on the pipe element
Experiments
Balaji. R and Sundar. V, Hydraulic Performance
of Double Screen Breakwaters,
27
4/14/2011
Energy Spectrum
Reflection Coefficient
Kr: reflection coefficient
B: width of wave chamber
D: water depth
Lp wave length at peak period
28
4/14/2011
Transmission Coefficient
Kt: transmission coefficient
B: width of wave chamber
D: water depth
Lp wave length at peak period
Recent Experience in Analysis and Design of

Perforated Vertical Breakwaters
Busan
Water depth 12 m
Wave period 7 – 15 s
Oakland
C fi d d i
Confine dredging
material
V. Shepsis et. Al., Recent Experience in Analysis and Design of Perforated Vertical
Breakwaters, Port 2007: 30 Years of Shearing Ideas
58
29
4/14/2011
Physical Model of Busan
59
Math Model
60
30
4/14/2011
Oakland
Recent Experience in Analysis and Design of Perforated Vertical Breakwaters 61
Wind Generate Wave – Boat Wake
62
31
4/14/2011
Fixed Wave Screen Designs
NEW YORK
PENNSYL
VANIA
Naval Weapons Station Earle
14
14 m water depth
t d th
Brooklyn Army Terminal
7.5 m water depth
Jonathan Goldstick, Lazar Loundine, Fixed Wave Screen Designs, Ports 2004: Port
Development in the Changing World 63
Design Structures
Case of shallow water
Jonathan Goldstick, Lazar Loundine, Fixed Wave Screen Designs, Ports 2004: Port
Development in the Changing World Case of deep water 64
32
4/14/2011
ศึกษาแผงกรองคลื่นสถานีนํารอง
• พิกัด
• การรับลมมรสุม
• ความลึกน้ํา
• รายละเอียดแผงกรองคลื่นที่
ติดตั้ง
65
Pilot Station
Coordinate
47P 672712E, 1479523 N
Hydrographic Map no 112 66
33
4/14/2011
Orientation
NE
3.0 m แนวติดตั้ง
แผงกรองคลื่น
SW
67
ความลึกน้ํา
Range น้ํา 2.89 เมตร

68
34
4/14/2011
ศึกษาแผงกรองคลื่นสถานีนํารอง
Diameter 0.15 m
@ 0.30x0.30
 = 20%
Diameter 0.3 m
@ 0.45x0.45 ระยะหา งระหวา งแผง
 = 35% 1.5 เมตร
Diameter 0.3 m
@ 0.45x0.45
 = 35%
69
ขอมูลลมบริเวณสถานีนํารอง
Wind speed
(knots)
70
35
4/14/2011
่ วของ
งานที่ดําเนินการแลว พัฒนารูปสมการแสดง
งานที่จะดําเนินการตอไป ของแผงกรองคลืน ่
ปจจัยที่มีผลกระทบ 71
อุปกรณวัดคลื่น
72
36
4/14/2011
ขอมูลที่ได
• ระดับน้ํา
• Flow directions
• Velocity
• Wave energy
73
37

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4/14/2011

CET 602 การศึกษาโครงการวิจัยเฉพาะเรื่อง

Application & Justification

• The Andaman Sea

Hydrographic Map no 112 11

Journal of Waterway, Port Conferences Journal of Engineering Journal of Coastal

Coastal Engineering Shore Protection Marine structure

Source: US Army Corp of Engineer, Engineering and Design:

Simplified Analytical Methods

Numerical Model Roll 3

Ito and Chiba (1972) Pitch

• No damping was considered,

Ito and Chiba (1972) Roll 3

Ito and Chiba (1972)

Hydraulic Design of Perforated

Experiment & Theory

Numerical Study of Solitary Wave

Pengzhi Lin and S. A. S. Anuja Karunarathna, Numerical Study of Solitary Wave Interaction

Pengzhi Lin and S. A. S. Anuja Karunarathna, Numerical Study of Solitary Wave Interaction

Theory & Numerical

Pengzhi Lin and S. A. S. Anuja Karunarathna, Numerical Study of Solitary Wave Interaction

Hydraulic Performance of Vertical Walls with

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Pile-

Pile Wall – Curtain Wall & Pile Support Vertical Wall

Pile support Curtain wall Pile wall

Pile support Curtain wall Pile wall

C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and Double‐Wave Screens,

Single Wave Screen

Single wave screen

C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and Double‐Wave Screens,

Double wave screen

C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and Double‐Wave Screens,

C. Krishnakumar et. al., Hydrodynamic Performance of Single‐ and Double‐Wave Screens,

Hydraulic Performance of Double

• 3 wave gauges were installed in front of wave screen to decomposing incident

Recent Experience in Analysis and Design of

Physical Model of Busan

Wind Generate Wave – Boat Wake

Fixed Wave Screen Designs

Hydrographic Map no 112 66

Range น้ํา 2.89 เมตร

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