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WELCOME

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
USING LFA-M

BY
MOHAMED SHALOOB T K
REG NO:-CEAGEEC 050
S7 ECE-1
2 DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION
MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA
  INTRODUCTION

 WHAT IS A LIGHTNING STROKE?

CONTENTS
3
 TYPES OF LIGHTNING STROKES.

 WHAT IS LFA-M?

 BLOCK DIAGRAM

 DESIGN OF LFA-M

 HOW LIGHTNING AFFECTS

OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION?

 THE LFA-M PRINCIPLE

 HOW CAN IT BE PROTECTED?

 FUTURE EXPANSION

 AVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

 CONCLUSION

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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INTRODUCTION
• A new simple, effective and inexpensive method for
lightning protection of medium voltage overhead
distribution line is using long flashover arresters (LFA).
• The important feature of this modular long flashover
arrester (LFA-M) is that it can be applied for lightning
protection of overhead distribution line against both
induced overvoltage and direct lightning strokes

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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WHAT IS LIGHTNING
STROKE ?

 Lightning is an electrical discharge between

cloud and the earth, between clouds or
between the charge centers of the same
cloud.
 Lightning is a huge spark and that take place
when clouds are charged to at a high potential
with respect to earth object (e.g. overhead lines)
or neighboring cloud that the dielectric
strength of the neighboring medium(air) is
destroyed

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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TYPES OF LIGHTNING
STROKES

 DIRECT STROKE
 INDIRECT STROKE

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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DIRECT STROKE

 Lightning discharge is directly from cloud to

overhead line.
 From the line, current path may be over the
insulators down to the pole to the ground.
 The over voltage set up due to the stroke may be
large enough to flashover this path directly to the
ground

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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DIRECT STROKE-
TYPES

 STROKE-A -The lightning discharge is from the cloud

to the subject equipment(e.g. overhead lines).
 The cloud will induce a charge of opposite sign on the
tall object.
 When the potential between the cloud and line
exceed the breakdown value of air, the lightning
discharge occurs between the cloud and the line.

 STROKE-B – Lightning discharge occurs on overhead

line due to stroke-A.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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INDIRECT STROKE

 Results from electro statically induced charges on the

conductors.

 (+ve) ly charged cloud induces (-ve) charge right

under the cloud on the line and (+ve) charge away
from it.

 When cloud discharges to earth, (-ve) charge rushes

along both directions in form of travelling wave.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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WHAT IS LFA-M?

 Long flashover arrestors are those devices which capture

the high voltage sparks resulting out of lightening.
 ”M” indicates that LFA-M is for the protection of medium
overhead transmission lines.
 It can be applied for lightning protection of overhead
distribution line against both induced over voltages and
direct lightning strokes.
 The induced over voltages can be counteracted by installing
a single arrester on an overhead line support (pole).
 For the protection of lines against direct lightning strokes,
the arresters are connected between the poles and all of
the phase conductors in parallel with the insulators.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

 ff

a) block diagram; b) electric schematic c) arrester testing

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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DESIGN OF LFA-M

 An LFA-M arrester consists of two cables like

pieces. Each cable piece has a semi conductive
core of resistance R
 The cable pieces are arranged so as to form three
flashover modules 1,2,3 as shown in
figure.Semiconductive core of upper piece,
whose resistance is R

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

 HOW DOES LFA-M
13 PROTECT THE
OVERHEAD LINES?
 First, a lightning impulse causes a spark over of the spark
gaps
 Next, the semiconducting core of the upper cable piece,
whose resistance , carries the high potential to the surface
of the lower piece at its middle. Similarly, the
semiconducting core of the lower piece of the same
resistance applies the low potential 0 to the surface of the
upper piece, also at its center.
 Thus the total voltage is applied to each flashover module at
the same moment, and all the three flashover modules 1, 2
and 3 are assured conditions for simultaneous initiation of
creeping discharges which,with respective modules flashed
over, develop a single long flashover channel

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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THE LFA PRINCIPLE

 Probability of power arc flow (PAF) depends on many

parameters: nominal voltage of the line Unom, length
of the flashover path L,

 The probability of PAF sharply decreases with a

decrease in E
 An analysis of available data on spark over discharge
transition to PAF concluded that for E=7 to 10 kV/m
probability of PAF is practically zero.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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LFA LOOP-TYPE

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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ADVANTEGE

 LFA-Ls help avoid both conductor burnouts and overhead

power lines outages caused by lightning induced
overvoltages.

 Eliminate the consequences of lightning flashovers without

damaging lines and substations equipment, as opposed to
arcing horns, which transform single-phase shorting into
two-phase one, thus creating a powerful electrodynamic
blow on the equipment.

 Extend the working life of high voltage circuit breakers.

 Protect electric networks against arc overvoltages.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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 Cannot be destroyed by lightning currents and

power follow currents as metal oxide arresters,
gapped silicon carbide arresters or expulsion
tubes since currents are flowing outside of LFAs.
 Are not stressed by operational voltage and do
not require maintenance.
 It protect from 0.4 to 10 kv power distribution

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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DISADVANTEGE

 We can improve only it efficiency by increasing

the number of flashover modules then only it
can withstand very high over voltages

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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FUTURE EXPANSION

 The LFA-M described here consists of three

flashover modules. We can increases the
flashover modules. If the number of flashover
modules increases by increasing the cable
pieces this LFA-M can be used for lightning
protection of very high voltage lines.
 When the modules increases the total
arrester stressing is distributed these modules
also. Then it can withstand very high over
voltages

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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CONCLUSIONS
 The LFA-M is a simple, low weight and convenient apparatus.

 To protect a line against induced over voltages; a single arrestor

must be mounted on a pole

 The voltage-time characteristics of this modular arrestor assure

reliable protection of medium voltage overhead lines against both
induced over voltages and direct lightning strokes.

 A long flashover arrestor (LFA) comprising three flashover modules

using the creeping discharge effect was presented in this report. Its
resistors assure application of the total arrestor-stressing voltage
simultaneously to all the modules.

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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REFERENCES

 PRINCIPLES OF POWER SYSTEM BY V.K. MEHTA ,ROHIT

MEHTA
 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY
.VOL.18,NO 3,JULY 2003 PAGE NO. 781-787

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

 END

MEA ENGG COLLEGE,PMNA 22 DEPT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

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THANK YOU

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