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Mustapa, 2009, Using The Cartoon Film In Teaching Listening Skill
(Experiment Research at Senior Islamic High School Nahdlatul Ulama’
Gondanglegi Malang). Advisors: Dr. Suhadak Sholeh Nur and Dr.
Faishal Mahmud Ibrahim Adam.

Keywords: Listening Skill and Cartoon Film

This research is research increased the listening skill in Arabic language

using cartoon film at Senior Islamic High School Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi
Malang.
The problem in this research are 1) How is using of the cartoon film in
teaching listening skill to second-class at Senior Islamic High School Nahdlatul
Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang? And 2) How far the effectiveness of using the
cartoon film in teaching listening skill to second-class at Senior Islamic High
School Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang?
And the purpose of this research are: 1) to know the steps teaching of
using the cartoon film to second-class at Senior Islamic High School Nahdlatul
Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang, 2) to know the effectiveness of using the cartoon
film increases the listening skill of students in second-class Senior Islamic High
School Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang.
Hypothesis of this research are 1) the using of cartoon film in teaching
listening skill will improve the level ability of students at Senior Islamic High
School Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang. And 2) the using of cartoon film
in teaching listening skill is more effectively to improve the level ability of
students at Senior Islamic High School Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang.
This research is experiment research. The sources data are teachers and students.
The data collection methods used are interviews, observation and test.
And the results of this research is the using of cartoon film before the
average pre-test groups for the experiment is 67, 38, While the using of cartoon
film the average value achieved in the post-test groups for the experiment is 85.24
. And this result shows that the using of cartoon film in teaching listening skill is
very effective. The average pre-test for the control group is 40, and 90 post-test
was 44, 38. That result shows the using classical method in teaching listening skill
is not very effective.
 > 1 u H < • ƒb>!
Mustapa, 2009, Penggunaan Film Kartun untuk meningkatkan kemampuan
mendengar (Studi Eksperimen di Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama’
Gondanglegi Malang). Pembimbing Pertama: Dr. Suhadak Shaleh Nur.
Pembimbing Kedua: Dr. Faishal Mahmud Adam Ibrahim.

Kata Kunci: Kemampuan Mendengar dan Film Kartun

Permasalahan yang dihadapi sekolah ini adalah: sulitnya materi

pembelajaran bagi siswa, lemahnya standar kemampuan siswa, lemahnya
pengetahuan guru tentang metode dan media pembelajaran dan minimnya latihan-
latihan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tentang peningkatan kemampuan
mendengar bahasa Arab dengan menggunakan film kartun di Madrasah Aliyah
Gondanglegi Malang.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana penggunaan
film kartun dalam pembelajaran kemampuan mendengar untuk kelas dua di
Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang? Dan sejauh mana ke
efektifan penggunaan film kartun dalam pembelajaran kemampuan mendengar
untuk kelas dua di Madrasah Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang?
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) untuk mengetahui aplikasi penggunaan
film kartun dalam pembelajaran kemampuan mendengar bagi kelas dua di
Madrasah Aliyah Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang, 2) untuk mengetahui ke
efektifan penggunaan film kartun dalam meningkatkan kemampuan mendengar
bagi siswa kelas dua di Madrasah Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang
Hipotesa penelitian ini adalah 1) penggunaan film kartun dalam
pembelajaran kemampuan mendengar akan meningkatkan kemampuan siswa.
Dan pemakaian film kartun dalam pembelajaran kemampuan mendengar lebih
efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa bagi siswa Madrasah Aliyah
Nahdlatul Ulama’ Gondanglegi Malang.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Sumber datanya adalah guru
dan siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara,
pengamatan dan tes.
Dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sebelum penggunaan film kartun, nilai
rata-rata pre-test untuk kelompok eksperimen adalah 67, 38, Sedangkan setelah
penggunaan film kartun maka nilai rata-rata yang dicapai pada waktu post-test
untuk kelompok eksperimen adalah 85,24. Dan hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa
penggunaan film kartun dalam pembelajaran istima’ sangat efektif. Adapun nilai
rata-rata pre-test untuk kelompok control adalah 40, 90 dan post-testnya adalah
44, 38. dan ini menunjukkan bahwa metode tradisional dalam pembelajaran
kemampuan mendengar tidak efektif.
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‰ < › •R |Y V 4 b p 1 •toA `+p C zO
p s + } Z GP1 _ J - @ I [ J>b 1 ³ x b Jo1 x ?RO *
Y [ k< : 6 † q J £ 8>q ™ "• O 8 b J d>O
+p _8 ?! = D bP V 4 = ! 4 > š ! 1 p ! V 4 j\ 1
0M C bw M 5 6< V 4 •toA x ?RO1 Jo % 1 £ ,- o £ <
_ b !€ • O
= D j £ š 0 V 4 - 2•toA x ?Rb ¡ Z % 4 m ?p1
_ 4 2 Jo O 2 O |O š 0 V 4 10 _ •I 2…o 2C < O 2 4
2 q ! •to0 2@ DZA •to0 ‰ p k! J X 8>q •toA x ?RO T0 10
¡ Z [ o0 * 1 _s y GL ¦A- @ 1 2Q4 €! 1 2Q ! •to0 2
'(
_j £ ! š 0 V 4 8b x ?RO FC F } Z j O p x ?RO

5 ($0 J Mc d x
[& * pGL *4 p€ º ^ M DR 1 •& RN ¯ < •toÀ
3 b T0 š H?1 _ 0 M€ ! ¯ < œ m bkO 2 &!
o_ b |o p0 7 }w V 4 ` 4 > I P1 •& RN `+p V 4
'l
•b! •toA < RN €! 1 M DR `+p ¯ <
o ! @ }b T b q m bkbo 9 1 % R 1 M IA Q< : ˆh
= b € € O ,- q [ C zO † q = b 4 o % \ ,- C z ·
_ 9 7 Z *4 =b C+

(« Ÿ 2|>D :Y ! '(
h«f Ÿ 27< :Y 2ÌY 6 C B Q>q 'l
T- † q = b 4 ª bO ^ M < R ¯ < V 4 8 Hb 4 >O ˆ~
V 4 p k! % 5 V 4 ˆ % 1 < ‡ b O !4 H R H
b F = p D! ¯ < m | 4 8 R C+ 8 6 o _% }
`+p V 4 @ R9 | 4 [J> 2 J?4 % } < FC + [4 ! F 1 F & < J
_[ œ …o ™ r< j £ ! ª • £ O = o % p k * %WN
T = o % p k < M 4 £ ! q0 § [ ! + b 8>b ˆ'
: O ,- •toA % p k C zO s +<1 5 k } 6< ` 4 7 |?4
_=² bp 1 + tb @ % &

! $ *( t + . ( = 2x
Q 0 Q}/ * ! 4 H JDI < < H ‘ O x rb
'f
®Q b
T *( 9 N ;# Y
OR J H M b>! = O C H 8 X @1 ?b 1
M J! < ™t6 1€O ,- 3 J 2 1 •? 1 o R 1
o1 ! :< A H
=JD 1 j b ˆh
= b ˆ~
% } ˆ'
< b ˆ«

h~g Ÿ 27< :Y 2 > 4 •1 } 4 'f

 T ~ 9N ; †
=Jo1 H T }Ou 0 %€ C 9 8 X [ ¥1
JDI < < = O T 1 _t Jo J O1 JE D 0 M
T0 8S ^ t u < % 9 ,- C 9 8 X Gk ! 4
®1 Qb A J bo < ‘ O
¡tPA 1 2 > N •t u T 0 * x rbO1 & } 1 } N = } ˆh
_¦ P A o } 8 X 1 2 < }b 1 2 t u
\ Z2 t u < % • ! p ”! < … 1 ! p ”! ˆ~
H < Q}Z ? % 9 } Z1 2M 4 ?R 1 • 6 1 2 \A 1 ?
_=pGL *4 J” =p€ ¥ : œ1 <

'•
J Mc J R0 ˆ n x
_= D bP 10
_| ƒb [ 5 = D % k ˜
_= D J ¹ ^ ª LA w ˜
_= D • ƒb ° }b <
_= D ª 4 > P
_= D • ƒb *4 O ? = b ° }O < b!

+ ( M x[
% q q : œ V 4 G ˜z p kb 1 Y ? b 6O T-
T0 T > u : 6b> p µ Su G˜rO * 1 _ 10 v < S- T > u

hlh Ÿ 27< :Y 2 < Y 9 4 < Y1 =E • CGP B0 '•

v 10 % =Jb6k 0 + D?O G> O 6b +p * Db>
› I0 = b @ ¤ s + 1 2%G A * s y GL1 O Y
¿ 9 1 M WN 1 M ! ° }O : 6b> | 0 s y % Y b % 0= D
J * + JX 1 8 b T1 ¡ k † [> >b ™ +Y [ k<
_= b @ ¤ Y ? b M 6O ¦ q0 p = D 1 _'g% +! ?˜0 = b!
% J 1 H M J! : œ ?O T0 : 6b>O O % 0 p1
_j b
10 •b! • p †• +p • ƒb>! T O = o1
_ < H p = D +p ƒb>! H 1 2C O = <V >
2 }< > M y M 4 £ ! † q * = D = >}O ,- ” y-1
H = o p †q | ƒb> C+ T O = o T0 @ } T0 : 6b>?o
+p • ƒb>! = D 1 _•R5 V 4 ¦ bŠ | A 2 R} = o p P‚ 8 •1
[& • ƒb M Y1 ^ b n iA * »i ¦ q- p @ ±
”?? o J +‰ JDO _ J>D?< • }O b p v> 1 _ b
aA [ ‰
5 ($0 3Z

>\ >\ $5 $5

) k01 ( =
0! o (=
+ (M

«e Ÿ 27< :Y 2™ =q 4 Gk< 'g

 q * J? 1 2 b x5 ! ®01 5 T O = D 1
• JoÍ J ƒb> T0 š * ¥ [& 1 % 4 * 1 - v> ¦ P0
‘ b 4 ƒb>! } 6 * j p1 _7o ! `+p 3 p0 7 }w
…D @ ± = I C+ p1 _ ² J : • < H ‘ O I RP
Q< * p k *!1 6 £ 1 8 b 1 •r> 1 [ ! \u % @1A
% J ?O 6i v• I0 M ! 1 • kb 1 6O : 1 T > u
_ [RD Q ! ¯ < [ Y j b
M * G V 4 C bw ^ •b! • p = D s y1
4 >O 6 `+p1 _%G M J o1 ?b ! R 1 % X
% b O M - ‰ TA 2j b % J ?O G 6
€ O1 2 6 • bp G O1 2- £1 7& }9 m - V 4 4 >O Jo 4 ?b 1
_ 4 ? ?L M W´ =p 1€O1 2=Jp b
*4 M WN `+p ¯ < V 4 @ R9 M 9 * G 8 R1
% q1 q * 0 • ƒb> T0 = b › bO y-1 ¦ PA [& 7 Z
@ b 1 =JD % \ V 4 4 > š 9 • ƒb b +p1 _| O
vJ }b>! +o ? 4 \ 1 T > Í o ! +o 01 2 I P
% ”?! •b! R Y o _m u 1 = b 4 M\€ O1 v?>w1
6 J? •r> 1 < +Y1 ?b· H ‘ b 4 [ = D sO
_ ! * :51
& ) I 5($ ~• o 1 `8 q + b\ ;^! 6k\1
&# 4
1 t ‰+ xY
¦ q- p !
[P O p1 _ }6? % Y! 4u š !
! 8 Y ,- t u =/ p q 1 > z * £
? š ~g ¸ b ! `+p v> 0 _ ! 1 6 b!
_ t hgl'
%& h( % i Y p j / ! `+p :}O
GP ! 1 6 k ^ & b<u ! J6 Š _ ”o •
_*
4 01 2 f1 š hh 2 h• š ! 4 Ä <
_xE ~ ! `+p xE !

Š 1 xy
m N
&# 4 & ) I 5($ ~• o 1 .Š 1
($0 2 1 DŠ 1 ,
|}D C <•9 h
T‚ } Q b> ~
>1 u H * GP '
o HX T 4 @‚ «
™ >9 = 4 C k< *>q (
 6 =4 C > l
?D G? f
™ 9 CB o •
< H C1 q1 g
£ C 0 he
¸ b b hh
1 ™ >9 = 4 h~
€¬ H š h'
4 bY C h«
Y s h(
t d?D % > hl
% }4 sO hf
Rb5 a > T h•

($0 : Y & 1 xz
p? ! : bO
ˆ~ee« ? +? …Z = b % \1 JY P0 ^ !
T$ 1 % D š 0 V 4 b C+ • ” ! `+p • ƒb>O ~ee(
• •& RP ! s bo _s y ,- o £u < KTSP c< •
Q >! ¦ % Jk! " 4 X 1 ?> [p0 Aswaja š J? _ 1
_ 1 M J! š 1 < H š 1 Q J?
€JS < H š T 2¦ PA ½ š1
4 C z † q | • < †q • 5 !1 _j A QbRq Q
_€q X v5 €Jb? T0 < to 2‘ b

&# 4 & ) I 5($ ~• o 1 . \(: x2

=p c4 ! 6
! `+p 6 4 *4 @1 X ° }O ; b 1 2 Z1 Z 171 •
Om %
‹ # h o 1 \(:
M 6 ™t6 [RD

l• '« '« @1A

«~ ~~ ~e .

lh 'h 'e †

171 87 84 2 $
 6 o 3>=
6k\ ?
6k\ Œ :• xY
„ db †• +p • ƒb> 1 2„ db †• ?p †q • ƒb
†q ÈqtO1 2 ? ! 31 ” % R p ” 10 ¿ 9 †• L
_³ 0 o ! 5 < p ” 1¿ 9 sO
% 4- @1 Š i- :5 1 { •€b †q TA „ db < V > 1
* ¿ w 1 M G Hb `+p ˜0 š 51 | 4 M G HO @ P - 7 Z *4 | kO
* Qb4 ¤ QO p T bO 2Qb4 ¤ • ƒb < †• +p C S _ & b
³ C S 4 ¤ p db 4 ± _ 6< 4 ± 1 db 4 ±
_Ÿ N m > ³ C S 4 ¤ p 6< 4 ± 0 2Ÿ N m >
6< 4 ± 0 2 db 4 ± T O = o • ƒb < 7 6O 2Ty-
_T O = o • ƒb T1 < 7 6O
exploratip Y "h ® < db * Q 0 Q / †q 3 4
10 [& >! *4 †• ³ Go X < db 01 _development 6O "~ 1
< db 1 _ J”! * 8 >! 1 8 > 5t4 *4 hipotesa & ! ª bo ?b
3 ² * 1 & ! ª bo ?b 10 [& >! *4 †• v> p 6b
«h
_8 >! 1 8 > 5t4 *4 & ! ª bL M ˜u 10 bP
"h ®1 0 Q Q / ,- < db } Z =>}?O P‚ 8 Y * 1
_(quasi experimental) < | / "~ 1 (true experimental) } }9 < db
[ k< 8 >! 1 8 > Q< 5t - *4 †• p } }9 < db 1

40
Moch. Ainin, Metodologi Penelitian Bahasa Arab, (Pasuruan: Hilal Pustaka, , 2007,) Hlm: 78
41
Moh. Nasir, Metode Penelitian, (Bandung: Ghalia Indonesia, 1984), hlm: 74
 !
db —1 6< 4 ¤1 < db 4 ¤ Y < } }q
| / 01 _ O Y N 1 P •R 1 _% / }! 1 (treatment)
† { } }9 < db ™ b} C+ †• p quasi experimental 10 < db
Y< < 1_ I M y I ? : œ & ! ª bo 10 }! * O * ¥
«~
_% Y ! 1 9 8>q Y N 1 P •R Q O >b
= RO p „ db †• †q J ƒb> ^ } 6 1
_C bP 1 } bP < & k M 4 ±
_ 6< 4 ± 1 db 4 ± 2Qb4 ± ,- †q • bŠ1
j b % J T O = o • ƒb>O ^ 4 ± p db 4 ± 1
= D • ƒb>O 4 ¤ Jo 6< 4 ± 01 2j b = O
_ < db 4 ± } T O p1 j b = O j b % J
bP 1 } bP = RO †• +p • ƒb> s + 1
Q O T0 … the aquivalent pretest-pos test design b 4 ±C
= Rb +p V 4 1 2j b % J = O J 41 < ± o
} 6 o _È< 4 ± 1 db 4 ± bP & k4 • ƒb>O
¡1 o J”O1 4 ½ d b 8>q š }O J 41 T O = o • ƒb <
bP d b _C bP 1 } bP ™t6 d b ; ! š }!
RO C bP d b 1 entering behavior db> RO }
= Rb s + % R 1 _™t6 terminal behavior GP0

42
Sutrisno Hadi, Metodologi Research (4), (Yogyakarta: Andi Offset, 1990), hlm: 427
 T $\ \0V# Ž( 4(\i \0V# v =
0-2 T-1 0-1 < db
0-2 T-1 0-1 »<

; \
= o • ƒb < ‘ b [ 5 < db 7 o V 4 } bP 0-1
_T O
= o • ƒb T1 < ‘ b [ 5 6< V4 } bP 0-2
_T O
_T O = o • ƒb < ‘ b p1 < db 7 D • }! m > T-1
= o • ƒb T1 < ‘ b p1 »< 7 D }! m > T-2
TO
20-2 1 0-1 p †• +p • ƒb>! = Rb 2s y [Y0 *
C bP p 0-2 2m > [ 5 ”qt! … } bP p 0-1
bP 1 } bP d b * @ R9 J”O1 _m > < ”qt! …
_ < db * % Y ! d b? p `+p [ 0-1 0-2 Q< 7 D 1 C

•0 8 6k\ ^50• xy
* q! . [RD Z : Y †• : b¤ 0
?> !
* 1 _†• : b± * €Y 10 ¯ < < db ? < O 01 _~eeg¢~ee•
†q =³ ™ Y * + zp Q b 1 J Š1 †q +P0 6 zp ¯ <
? s O1 2"† 0 h~ 1 y g Z ~h … . [RD * + =p
 4 ± ?J q0 Qb4 ¤ ,- =>}? [RD +p1 _ & k4 †q p bP
_ 6< 4 ± P$ 1 db

6k\ - /*0 xz
;b
=>}?O J - [RO T0 †q j 6b ^ †• M GHb
T O = o • ƒb p †• +p [}b>! GHb! "h
j b % J ?O p †• +p :< b GHb! "~
p †• +p »< GHb! "'
¯ < * %y Pr % ! `+p ! 2 ! ˆ0
_†q * % \ : ! `+p % }! M 4 £ !
_‘D †q p †• +p = ! 2= ! ˆ™
= o p †q J ƒb> ^ ‘ b [& 1 2‘ b [& 1ˆ•
_% > 1 2T O

6k\ - 2Y x2
ph 1 xC
|< >b C T > u J ƒb> 1 p ”qt!
2|?4 : > 10 ` p k @tP * |O WP : S † q |O 1 |O WN
|O ”qt * [ S ? Y J? : b | Åo Èqt Qq †q * 1
«'
_ ? p ” } 5 =Jo 10 4 1 o ! 0

2"hg•f 2: \ b 1 k? D T b4 2| 0ˆ|O 1 0ˆ| JD †• 2M 4 T 51y «'

h'g Ÿ
8 O b [ V 4 [ DO ^ †• 8 0 p ”qt!
» O O1 †• T “ v˜ q ž :& 5 @ R9 Q @ b <
V 4 < b 1 ”qt! p (Observasi) T- Y • @ 51 _†• k—
“ †q m bk @ 9 +p “ ««_†• p ” [ “ 8 O b [
_†• k— 6 O ! M V 4 @ R• ‘ b 4
^ M V 4 @ R• ”qt! `+p †q 8> 1
š ! Q< @ RO 1 2= b 1 = b 4 + tb 6k r< 7 bO
4 + tb k 1 2=J>D 0 + tb Q< @ RO 1 2+ tb 1
_= b 1 = b

(! i1 xO
10 Q Y Q< < YA 1 ¨ A J o ˜ ½ 4 p < }!
_M 1 PA @ Rq1 j b J? < JY [ V 4 0
% / ¨ A ° }b< M :œ } Z p < }! T0 O 3 41
< H š : < }! < †q • 51 _[& > 10 †q *
T b *+ 6 1 !
} 6 1 % ! †q * = b 1 = b 4 @ q < }! 1 2 J o
| ƒb 1 % ! } - š ! % J 1 6 L 1 b 1
_ 6 - d?
k— 7 bO ^ p †q p R} ^ M 0
o ! [ +p + D?O1 2| 5 C X = b 1 = b 4 * †•
< H š J ƒb> ^ X }< > } 6 Q< }

44
N. Muhajir, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, (Yogyakarta : Rake Sarasin, 1995), hal: 42
I RP < H š ! 10 †q J ƒb> ^ % X } 6 1
_T O = o … j b % J

\0V# x}
6 % 5 š} o 7& 6 ¦ q p bP
64Åo _` <1 T O = o Y- [ 5 j b % J =² D 1
6 % D 1 % 5 o ! 3 J o T O = o % p k [ 5 bP
= o % pk 4 < bP 64- 01 _j b % J! A
+p ¦ Y01 j b % J! 6 % D 1 o ! 3 J o T O
< bP % k?! H 1 _‘ b 4 Jb [ bP
_j b % J 6 -¬ o p T O = o 64-
6 % J— } b! M : X bP †q • ƒb>
bP 1 } bP * T b bP +p _j b % J
_C

- \ 3 (r y ( Y x
T0 ] — 2; b Rq < xRb †• +p M [w
d b 4 [RŠ žq • [ •b :?R Ã I N 7& }9 xR †q
˜t˜ V 4 • ƒb> †• +p M [ w 6k 01 _ 4 DR<
[q
M Mt d>O ˆh
pM Mt d>O M 6P * 1
 ‘ b % 0 = RO "0
2 ? O O J O O1 J b± M [ w †q T0 ] —
†q p R5 ^ ‘ b % 0 = RO _ o Jb>! r>! ª 41
j b % J = O TO = o • ƒb < ‘ b p
_| ƒb T1 < ‘ b 1
bP % 0 = RO "™
] ! m - *4 p1 bP % 0 = RO 2‘ b % 0 = I T0 <
_T O = o * y Pr j £ ! 1 2; œu
M ª 4 ˆ~
Y 4 > ^ 7& }9 1 M ! ª < †q • 5
2 ”qt! 1 2 < }! [ 4 R½ M ª < s + 1 _ & b?
_ < db Y * 6 = O Rq1
M [ w ™ 0 ˆ'
™ 0 p †• +p • ƒb>! M [w™ 0
*4 M p ™ A +³ ½ M 1 2; b Rq
žq 6 d b? ; ! š }! ¡1 o * V dbO ^ 6 = O d b
¦ b> [ •b 1 _ & ! ( ¡1 D +PzO †• ª1 o Wb¹
«(
;b &b \ • }O Qb4 d = b d b ¡1 o
XE − X K
t=
X E1 + X K1 1 1
+
NE + NK − 2 NE NK

< db 5 o * ; ! š }! Ò XE

6< 5 o * ; ! š }! Ò X K

45
Sanapiah Faisal, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 2003, hlm: 35
 < db 5 o * & b? [ 4 ?b 4 Ò X E1

6< 5 o * & b? 4 ?b 4 Ò X K1

< db 5 o 6 4Ò NE

< 5o 6 4Ò NK

@1 X +p 6 d b? = }b 0
Cm N
Q 50 # . \(: ? 0 $ `8
{1 \ ?0 r M ‘0 1 ,
¾heeˆ¾•e heeˆ•e Y Y h
¾fgˆ¾fe fgˆfe Y ~
¾lgˆ¾le lgˆle @ } '
(gˆ¾(e (gˆ(e •5 «
¾«gˆ¾ee «gˆee [/ o (

2> - \ x
* v Rq ^ PA 1 M ! : œ V 4 [ bkO M
6 1 †q Q< % / ! < }! < J Rw v M R
@ 51 _†• * @1A ••D * < b < 10 < H š 1
^ M 01 «l_†• k •t p < [ kO M T- O
o 10 o £u M 2. 1 A M 2@1A T 4 ?o |? RO
3 *· 10 @1A •ƒk * RO A M T0 O ¦0 1

46
Sunarto, Metodologi Penelitian, (Surabaya: PPS Unesa, 2001), hal: 56
7& ˜ * Rbo o £u M 01 2 Y1 º †• k } }q
«f
_ J ºu M • ƒb : 6b>O ^ R 1 Mt d>b 1 ™ b
@ 5A p †• A M T0 Lafland ¦ 1
M <V> 10 M M \ Jo P$ * o bO 01 M 1
«•
_s y GL 1 R 1 7& ˜ o £u

’ 2> ($0 3Z x
†q b¹1 _= b 4 Y =J ` R 1 = b [& 1
T 6b> 2[& < q Y O1 _š < ? ` R1 = b [& 1
†q V6 †• +p _ Y1 J>< ! JD T0 6
V 4 = D j £ ?> 1 _ 1 / * †q +Pr C+ T O =o
_ J?

6k\ 3h x[
³ • } M Yu `+p1 2†q J b ^ †• M Y- m ?p
$ M 6N < †q
_ 6< 4 ± 1 < db 4 ± p1 Qb4 ± Q O1 w ˆh
= o • ƒb < j b = O Y- [ 5 C0 } bP < †q • 5 ˆ~
_ < j b % J TO
% J = O T O = o • ƒb < < H = O Y- 10 7 6O ˆ'
_ db 4 ± j b

47
Sunarto, ibid, hal: 47
48
J. Lofland dan Lyn H. Lofland, Analyzing Social Setting: A Guide to Qualitatif Observation and
Analysi. Belmont, (Cal: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1984), hal: 73.
% J ?b T O = o • ƒb 7 6O @tP * ”qt! < †q • 5 ˆ«
_j b % J = O j b
^ db 4 ± ®1 Qb4 ± QO ‰ C bP < †q • 5 ˆ(
^ 6< 4 ± 1 2j b % J ?b T O = o • ƒb v} Z
_ }b } 6 < j b % J v
 ^! 3>=
( (r - \ s 8

( (r ph 1 - ! s 8 xY
+p j — 7 b 4 ! †q • 5 †• Y- [ 5
¿w <_ < H š JY ! Jq bO 1 ‰ v}DO 1 †•
`+ D?O »6P1 †• `+p Y- V 4 ?}DO o < H š : †q
_` y 7
• < H š — ? b> } bP †q • 5
«~ =p 4 . xR 6 | o T bk! 1 _ ~eeg G Wo hg 2‘ N
A =² J ¦ o ! bP +p †q R} 1 _ Z
j b % J = O 4 C _« 7• p ” * ¥ ¨ A 1 _j b
j 0[ ! < . xR
_ } 5 ge % ! s y1 2‘ N • p1 q 1 }
! < H = O3J
% J I RP H M J ?b . xR IP
”Dq1 ² I01 < 31 9 3 O V 4 1 5 = A _ 6 C j b
] m - V4 1 ‹ = 0 - _ • •I < 3 q j Ž1 ² D
• ƒb [ 5 j b % J I P < H = O 4 M Y1 _; œu
TO =o
05 … 2œb1 4 }1 % } p }b } Z š ! • ƒb>
8 Z Ã p < T1 } 6 1 Yy i % 5 R9 @10 š š !
š ! 8 Z Ã ! =Y O s y <1 JY % 5 p1Ë } 6 š !
^ M ? b 1 M b < =J? 8 Z GP01 _=Jb p b 6
p b |D F < H = OF ™ b p • ƒb>! ™ b M Y1
_ ? T1z/ % \1 |Y P0 C+
* 1 H [ < H b [& YO ! sO
k! `+³ 2[ 1 •r>< 6 T1 k s + 2 p+D? T0 : 6b> š !
p1 6 [ 1 •r \u < +X b [& 6 T0 †q
†q Y _j b % J 6 % D ?b T O = o • ƒb
= O I RP < H V 4 6 8q1 L \ b [& `+³
_j b % J
,- 0‘ b 4 @tP 6 1 š ! ”qt †q 3 Jb 1
”? <1 _‘ b 4 @tP J”O ^ 6 1 š ! 6k 0 *4 % ”? % Y-
% J = O TO = o • ƒb o ¦ › 6k A `+p ,-
_j b
j b % J = O T O = o 7 6b M } b †q }4 51
= b < †q • 5 _C bP 1 } bP … bPt QÓ& } 1
2 } 5 ge % ! ? žq < > R9 ‘ N • db 4 ±
; b 1 _xR 1 k4 ?˜ 4 > žq º k4 ¦ q 4 > 0 O1
} [ ‘ b M 6P
 ;m c I i(
j b % !
} 5 ge *€ V 4A 1 Ÿ <A 1 j 5A j£!
. ; [RD ¦ b>!
E c xY
7 }w ;- = b +p 3 J
› •I j >< T O = o *4 6 : > ˆ
T O = o ; œu ] ! 6 m - ˆ
› •R< 6 =Y 1 6 : >O C+ ] Q ˆ
=JbH < : > C+ R 6 W ˆ
_j £ ! @ q j b 6 ™ b ˆ
($0 2 > 3Z xy
[ ! 1 2™ 9 2=d ! ˆ
FV 4A 1 Ÿ <A 1 j 5A F |4 £ T O = o ˆ
<58c Q ,c “ !c
FV 401 Ÿ <01 j 50F @ Y ˜t˜ [ & - …< T
Ÿ <A [< }o 2[Y % I =J - [ ro 2=pWb¹ T0 U ro
©] bO1 s - 8q0 Œ / C0 s !
C Y ^ :} @1€O T0 ]º0 Ÿ <A
©s - 8q0 @ C01 s !
J? ™ /01 J 9 [ ‚ 5 ? C ?4 T O T0 ]º0 Ÿ <A
5 `+p1 • < … š ? D? ‹1 :} v \ } U B 2U U Ÿ <A
C s / / 5
 Jo s U m < s!
©] bO C+ s!
[ œ / ; T T0 ]º0 j 5A
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} = 2 } j 5A
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_hggh

‘ O [& 11 b [& Y 2 R? B0 ± 4 ˆh'

_hg•' 23 ! ª 2 < H

8 > 2M Yu 1 ZA < H = O 2 < <0 } 4 x6 4 ˆh«

_M 2C b

ª 2= b Y ? O ,- b [& * 2x [ 4 Ž- p ˆh(
_hggg 2,1A 6 2C }k b

2 ?o1 < H •& RP ,- [P H M J! 2 6?k ’ I • ˆhl

hgg( 2 > < ! ‘ A

GH < H ‘ O 7& Z 2 Z B0 C / 1 5 ? [ • ˆhf

2 > -ˆ o } 1 • 1 <b t u ”?! M k? 2 ³ Q}Z ?
~ee'
 ! 2¦ P0 M H < Q}Z ? < H = O 2 5? [ • ˆh•
_hg•( 2¦ } •0 Y

2<b b ª 2 < H = O 7& Z 28 6N = p <- *< • ˆhg

_~ee'
v 2Q R b [& • b - 28 x • ˆ~e
_hg•( 2 4 6! 1

% D 2 § H < X 2% 4 = p <- • ˆ~h

h••l 2µ

T ? ˆM1G< 2 J> O 7& Z1 < •& RP 231 • x ˆ~~

_hgg• 2‘& D?

5($ — k\
F >X < db } 6< •t 1 j b a J ?O 2* ?< T <- ˆh
t u 6 b! ! * @1A xR DI & Y- †{
2 k? GL 2Gb>Y ! †{ 2" O 1 < Y < 9
9 t u X 2 M < 2 H = O •R¼
_~ee• 2
 [I b V4 " H [& • ƒb G˜rO 2% • 0 ˆ~
9 t u & b< !< < H ‘ O + tb
2 H = O •R¼ 2 k? GL 2Gb>Y ! †{ ,1A
_~ee' 2 9 t u X2 M <

q! X ¦ b>! 6 •t % J ?O = D • ƒb 2. J/ ˆ'
9 t u X & Y- †{ _ < H k< <
2 H = O •R¼ 2 k? GL 2Gb>Y ! †{ 2"m b <
_~ee• 2 9 t u X2 M <

! <
H = O b [& • ƒb o 2- R ˆ«
GL 2Gb>Y ! †{ 2V6 Tb to Yy ? 9
X 2 M < 2 H = O •R¼ 2 k?
_~ee' 2 9 t u

\ %c ^% 1
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