Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
LAB FILE
INTRODUCTION TO SQL
SQL is a programming language for querying and modifying data and managing
databases. SQL was standardized first by the ANSI and (later) by the ISO. Most
database management systems implement a majority of one of these standards and
add their proprietary extensions. SQL allows the retrieval, insertion, updating, and
deletion of data.
The first version of SQL was developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and
Raymond F. Boyce in the early 1970s. This version, initially called SEQUEL, was
designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original relational database
product, System R. IBM patented their version of SQL in 1985, while the SQL
language was not formally standardized until 1986, by the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) as SQL-86. Subsequent versions of the SQL standard have
been released by ANSI and as International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
standards.
FEATURES OF SQL:
SQL is both an easy-to-understand language and a comprehensive tool for
managing data. Some of the major features of SQL are
· Vendor independence
· Portability across computer systems
· SQL standards
· IBM endorsement and commitment (DB2)
· Microsoft commitment (SQL Server , ODBC, and ADO)
· Relational foundation
· High-level, English-like structure
· Interactive, ad hoc queries
· Programmatic database access
· Multiple views of data
· Complete database language
· Dynamic data definition
· Client/server architecture
· Enterprise application support
· Extensibility and object technology
· Internet database access
· Java integration (JDBC)
· Industry infrastructure
SQL COMMANDS
1 row created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 3
Enter value for author_nm: DASTLDAR
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(3,'DASTLDAR')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 4
Enter value for author_nm: TREMBLAY
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(4,'TREMBLAY')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 5
Enter value for author_nm: SORESON
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(5,'SORESON')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 6
Enter value for author_nm: NIKLAUSWIRTH
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(6,'NIKLAUSWIRTH')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 7
Enter value for author_nm: EDWARD YOURDON
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(7,'EDWARD YOURDON')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 8
Enter value for author_nm: ELIS M.AWAD
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(8,'ELIS M.AWAD')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 9
Enter value for author_nm: MIKE SCHINKEL
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(9,'MIKE SCHINKEL')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 10
Enter value for author_nm: RICK SPENSE
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(10,'RICK SPENSE')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 11
Enter value for author_nm: KAZMIER
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(11,'KAZMIER')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 12
Enter value for author_nm: PHILIPPAKIS
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(12,'PHILIPPAKIS')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 13
Enter value for author_nm: ROBERT J.CONDON
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(13,'ROBERT J.CONDON')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for author_id: 14
Enter value for author_nm: I.T.HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ
old 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(&AUTHOR_ID,'&AUTHOR_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO AUTHORS VALUES(14,'I.T.HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ')
1 row created.
AUTHOR_ID AUTHOR_NM
---------- --------------------------
1 C.J DATE
2 ROY;
3 DASTLDAR
4 TREMBLAY
5 SORESON
6 NIKLAUSWIRTH
7 EDWARD YOURDON
8 ELIS M.AWAD
9 MIKE SCHINKEL
10 RICK SPENSE
11 KAZMIER
AUTHOR_ID AUTHOR_NM
---------- --------------------------
12 PHILIPPAKIS
13 ROBERT J.CONDON
14 I.T.HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ
14 rows selected.
Table created.
SQL> INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR_ID'
Enter value for title_id: 1
Enter value for author_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(1,'2')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 1
Enter value for author_id: 3
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(1,'3')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 2
Enter value for author_id: 8
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(2,'8')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 3
Enter value for author_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(3,'1')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 4
Enter value for author_id: 4
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(4,'4')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 4
Enter value for author_id: 5
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(4,'5')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 5
Enter value for author_id: 6
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(5,'6')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 6
Enter value for author_id: 13
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(6,'13')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 7
Enter value for author_id: 11
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(7,'11')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 7
Enter value for author_id: 12
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(7,'12')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 8
Enter value for author_id: 9
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(8,'9')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 9
Enter value for author_id: 14
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(9,'14')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 1
Enter value for author_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(1,'1')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 11
Enter value for author_id: 7
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&AUTHOR
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLE_AUTHOR VALUES(11,'7')
1 row created.
TITLE_ID AUTHOR_ID
---------- --------------------
1 2
1 3
2 8
3 1
4 4
4 5
5 6
6 13
7 11
7 12
8 9
TITLE_ID AUTHOR_ID
---------- --------------------
9 14
1 1
11 7
14 rows selected.
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 2
Enter value for publisher_nm: PRENTICE-HALL
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(2,'PRENTICE-HALL')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 3
Enter value for publisher_nm: ADDISON WESLEY
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(3,'ADDISON WESLEY')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 4
Enter value for publisher_nm: NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(4,'NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE')
INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(4,'NAROSA PUBLISHING HOUSE')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01401: inserted value too large for column
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 4
Enter value for publisher_nm: NAROSHA PUBLISHING
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(4,'NAROSHA PUBLISHING')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 5
Enter value for publisher_nm: GALGOTIA
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(5,'GALGOTIA')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for publisher_id: 6
Enter value for publisher_nm: BPB
old 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(&PUBLISHER_ID,'&PUBLISHER_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO PUBLISHERS VALUES(6,'BPB')
1 row created.
PUBLISHER_ID PUBLISHER_NM
------------ --------------------
1 TATA MCGRAW-HILL
2 PRENTICE-HALL
3 ADDISON WESLEY
4 NAROSHA PUBLISHING
5 GALGOTIA
6 BPB
6 rows selected.
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for subject_nm: SYSTEM ANALYSIS
old 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(& SUBJECT_ID,'&SUBJECT_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(2,'SYSTEM ANALYSIS')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for subject_id: 3
Enter value for subject_nm: DATA STRUCTURES
old 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(& SUBJECT_ID,'&SUBJECT_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(3,'DATA STRUCTURES')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for subject_id: 4
Enter value for subject_nm: DATABASE MANAGEMENT
old 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(& SUBJECT_ID,'&SUBJECT_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(4,'DATABASE MANAGEMENT')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for subject_id: 5
Enter value for subject_nm: TOC
old 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(& SUBJECT_ID,'&SUBJECT_NM')
new 1: INSERT INTO SUBJECTS VALUES(5,'TOC')
1 row created.
SUBJECT_ID SUBJECT_NM
---------- -------------------------
1 COBOL
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3 DATA STRUCTURES
4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT
5 TOC
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 2
Enter value for title_id: 10
Enter value for purchase_dt: 11-JAN-95
Enter value for price: 100
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(2,10,'11-JAN-95',100)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 3
Enter value for title_id: 11
Enter value for purchase_dt: 11-JAN-95
Enter value for price: 95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(3,11,'11-JAN-95',95)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 4
Enter value for title_id: 11
Enter value for purchase_dt: 11-JAN-95
Enter value for price: 95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(4,11,'11-JAN-95',95)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 5
Enter value for title_id: 11
Enter value for purchase_dt: 11-JAN-95
Enter value for price: 95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(5,11,'11-JAN-95',95)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 6
Enter value for title_id: 1
Enter value for purchase_dt: 01-MAR-95
Enter value for price: 150
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(6,1,'01-MAR-95',150)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 7
Enter value for title_id: 3
Enter value for purchase_dt: 01-MAR-95
Enter value for price: 200
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(7,3,'01-MAR-95',200)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 8
Enter value for title_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_dt: 01-MAR-95
Enter value for price: 200
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(8,2,'01-MAR-95',200)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 9
Enter value for title_id: 3
Enter value for purchase_dt: 01-MAR-95
Enter value for price: 80
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(9,3,'01-MAR-95',80)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 10
Enter value for title_id: 4
Enter value for purchase_dt: 01-MAR-95
Enter value for price: 105
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(10,4,'01-MAR-95',105)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 11
Enter value for title_id: 1
Enter value for purchase_dt: 15-APR-95
Enter value for price: 175
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(11,1,'15-APR-95',175)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 12
Enter value for title_id: 5
Enter value for purchase_dt: 15-APR-95
Enter value for price: 40
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(12,5,'15-APR-95',40)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 13
Enter value for title_id: 6
Enter value for purchase_dt: 15-APR-95
Enter value for price: 65
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(13,6,'15-APR-95',65)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 14
Enter value for title_id: 7
Enter value for purchase_dt: 15-APR-95
Enter value for price: 90
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(14,7,'15-APR-95',90)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 15
Enter value for title_id: 8
Enter value for purchase_dt: 20-APR-95
Enter value for price: 100
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(15,8,'20-APR-95',100)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 16
Enter value for title_id: 9
Enter value for purchase_dt: 20-APR-95
Enter value for price: 175
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(16,9,'20-APR-95',175)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for accession_no: 17
Enter value for title_id: 10
Enter value for purchase_dt: 20-APR-95
Enter value for price: 100
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS
VALUES(&ACCESSION_NO,&TITLE_ID,'&PURCHASE_DT',&PRICE)
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOKS VALUES(17,10,'20-APR-95',100)
1 row created.
17 rows selected.
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 12-JAN-95
Enter value for accession_no: 3
Enter value for member_id: 8
Enter value for due_dt: 12-FEB-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('12-JAN-95',3,8,'12-FEB-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 12-JAN-95
Enter value for accession_no: 5
Enter value for member_id: 2
Enter value for due_dt: 12-JAN-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('12-JAN-95',5,2,'12-JAN-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 15-JAN-95
Enter value for accession_no: 2
Enter value for member_id: 10
Enter value for due_dt: 15-FEB-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('15-JAN-95',2,10,'15-FEB-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 24-MAR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 8
Enter value for member_id: 2
Enter value for due_dt: 24-MAR-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('24-MAR-95',8,2,'24-MAR-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 22-APR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 18
Enter value for member_id: 9
Enter value for due_dt: 22-MAY-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('22-APR-95',18,9,'22-MAY-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 24-APR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 15
Enter value for member_id: 8
Enter value for due_dt: 24-MAY-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('24-APR-95',15,8,'24-MAY-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 22-APR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 20
Enter value for member_id: 9
Enter value for due_dt: 22-MAY-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('22-APR-95',20,9,'22-MAY-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 26-MAR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 9
Enter value for member_id: 4
Enter value for due_dt: 26-MAR-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('26-MAR-95',9,4,'26-MAR-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 26-MAR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 10
Enter value for member_id: 5
Enter value for due_dt: 26-MAR-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('26-MAR-95',10,5,'26-MAR-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for issue_dt: 24-MAR-95
Enter value for accession_no: 1
Enter value for member_id: 7
Enter value for due_dt: 24-APR-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE
VALUES('&ISSUE_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&DUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_ISSUE VALUES('24-MAR-95',1,7,'24-APR-95')
1 row created.
11 rows selected.
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for retrurn_dt: 15-FEB-95
Enter value for accession_no: 1
Enter value for member_id: 10
Enter value for issue_dt: 12-JAN-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN
VALUES('&RETRURN_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&ISSUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN VALUES('15-FEB-95',1,10,'12-JAN-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for retrurn_dt: 15-FEB-95
Enter value for accession_no: 2
Enter value for member_id: 10
Enter value for issue_dt: 15-JAN-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN
VALUES('&RETRURN_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&ISSUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN VALUES('15-FEB-95',2,10,'15-JAN-95')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for retrurn_dt: 25-MAY-95
Enter value for accession_no: 15
Enter value for member_id: 8
Enter value for issue_dt: 24-APR-95
old 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN
VALUES('&RETRURN_DT',&ACCESSION_NO,&MEMBER_ID,'&ISSUE_DT')
new 1: INSERT INTO BOOK_RETURN VALUES('25-MAY-95',15,8,'24-APR-95')
1 row created.
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 2
Enter value for title_nm: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_id: 5
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(2,'SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN',2,5)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 3
Enter value for title_nm: AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
Enter value for subject_id: 4
Enter value for purchase_id: 4
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(3,'AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE',4,4)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 4
Enter value for title_nm: AN INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
Enter value for subject_id: 3
Enter value for purchase_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(4,'AN INTRODUCTION TO DATA
STRUCTURE',3,1)
INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(4,'AN INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE',3,1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01401: inserted value too large for column
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 4
Enter value for title_nm: INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
Enter value for subject_id: 3
Enter value for purchase_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(4,'INTRODUCTION TO DATA
STRUCTURE',3,1)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 5
Enter value for title_nm: ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE
Enter value for subject_id: 3
Enter value for purchase_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(5,'ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE',3,2)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 6
Enter value for title_nm: DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
Enter value for subject_id: COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
Enter value for purchase_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(6,'DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
DESIGN',COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1,1)
INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(6,'DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
DESIGN',COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1,1)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00917: missing comma
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 6
Enter value for title_nm: DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(6,'DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM
DESIGN',2,2)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 7
Enter value for title_nm: COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
Enter value for subject_id: 1
Enter value for purchase_id: 1
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(7,'COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1',1,1)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 8
Enter value for title_nm: PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER
Enter value for subject_id: 5
Enter value for purchase_id: 3
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(8,'PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER',5,3)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 9
Enter value for title_nm: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(9,'INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
ANALYSIS',2,2)
INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(9,'INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS',2,2)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01401: inserted value too large for column
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 9
Enter value for title_nm: INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(9,'INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM
DESIGN',2,2)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 10
Enter value for title_nm: INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5
Enter value for subject_id: 5
Enter value for purchase_id: 6
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(10,'INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5',5,6)
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for title_id: 11
Enter value for title_nm: MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
Enter value for subject_id: 2
Enter value for purchase_id: 2
old 1: INSERT INTO TITLES
VALUES(&TITLE_ID,'&TITLE_NM',&SUBJECT_ID,&PURCHASE_ID)
new 1: INSERT INTO TITLES VALUES(11,'MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS',2,2)
1 row created.
11 rows selected.
SQL> CREATE TABLE MEMBERS(MEMBER_ID NUMBER,MEMBER_NM
VARCHAR(29),ADDRESS VARCHAR(29),CA
2 VARCHAR(5));
Table created.
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for member_id: 2
Enter value for member_nm: TUSHAR KULKARNI
Enter value for address: JAWAHER NAGAR
Enter value for category: E
old 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(&
MEMBER_ID,'&MEMBER_NM','&ADDRESS','&CATEGORY')
new 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(2,'TUSHAR KULKARNI','JAWAHER
NAGAR','E')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for member_id: 3
Enter value for member_nm: ALOK KOTAWALA
Enter value for address: TRIPOLIA BAZAR
Enter value for category: O
old 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(&
MEMBER_ID,'&MEMBER_NM','&ADDRESS','&CATEGORY')
new 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(3,'ALOK KOTAWALA','TRIPOLIA
BAZAR','O')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for member_id: 4
Enter value for member_nm: V.B PRASANA
Enter value for address: TILAK NAGAR
Enter value for category: F
old 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(&
MEMBER_ID,'&MEMBER_NM','&ADDRESS','&CATEGORY')
new 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(4,'V.B PRASANA','TILAK NAGAR','F')
1 row created.
SQL> /
Enter value for member_id: 5
Enter value for member_nm: ARCHANA THAPAR
Enter value for address: MALYA NAGAR
Enter value for category: E
old 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(&
MEMBER_ID,'&MEMBER_NM','&ADDRESS','&CATEGORY')
new 1: INSERT INTO MEMBERS VALUES(5,'ARCHANA THAPAR','MALYA
NAGAR','E')
1 row created.
Experiment no:-2
AIM:- DISPLAY THE TITLES RELATED WITH SUBJECT_ID 2 USING LIS DATABASE
SQL> SELECT* FROM TITLES;
OUTPUT:-
TITLE_ID TITLE_NM SUBJECT_ID PURCHASE_ID
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2 5
6 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN 2 2
9 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN 2 2
11 MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 2 2
Experiment no:-3
AIM:- DISPLAY ALL THE TITLE NAMES AND TITLE ID IN ASCENDING ORDER OF TITLE
NAME.
11 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT TITLE_ID,TITLE_NM FROM TITLES ORDER BY TITLE_NM;
TITLE_ID TITLE_NM
---------- ------------------------------
5 ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE
3 AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
1 COBOL PROGRAMMING
7 COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
6 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
10 INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5
4 INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
9 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN
11 MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
8 PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
11 rows selected.
Experiment no:-4
AIM:- DISPLAY ALL THE SUBJECT IDS AND TITLE NAME FROM TITLE TABLE.DISPLAY
THE OUTPUT IN ASCENDING ORDER OF SUBJECT ID AND WITHIN SAME SUBJECT ID,IN
DESENDING ORDER OF TITLE NAME.
SUBJECT_ID TITLE_NM
---------- ------------------------------
1 COBOL PROGRAMMING
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4 AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
3 INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
3 ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE
2 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
1 COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
5 PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER
2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN
5 INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5
2 MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
11 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT SUBJECT_ID,TITLE_NM FROM TITLES ORDER BY SUBJECT_ID;
SUBJECT_ID TITLE_NM
---------- ------------------------------
1 COBOL PROGRAMMING
1 COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
2 MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN
2 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
3 INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
3 ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE
4 AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
5 PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER
5 INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5
11 rows selected.
SQL> SELECT SUBJECT_ID,TITLE_NM FROM TITLES ORDER BY TITLE_NM;
SUBJECT_ID TITLE_NM
---------- ------------------------------
3 ALGORITHMS DATA STRUCTURE
4 AN INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE
1 COBOL PROGRAMMING
1 COMPREHENSIVE COBOL VOL1
2 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM DESIGN
5 INTRODUCTION TO CLIPPER5
3 INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURE
2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN
2 MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
5 PROGRAMMING IN CLIPPER
2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
11 rows selected.
Experiment no:-5
AIM:- DISPLAY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM PRICE OF BOOK PURCHASED ON EACH DAY
QUEIRES:-
SQL> SELECT MAX(PRICE) FROM BOOKS WHERE PURCHASE_DT=TODAY_DATE;
OUTPUT:-
MAX(PRICE)
----------
275
QUERIES:-
SQL> SELECT MIN(PRICE) FROM BOOKS WHERE PURCHASE_DT=TODAY_DATE;
OUTPUT:-
MIN(PRICE)
----------
65
Experiment no:-6
QUEIRES:-
SELECT * FROM BOOKS WHERE PURCHASE_DT> 31-JAN-95 (SELECT* FROM BOOKS WHERE
PRICE>200);
OUTPUT
EXPERIMENT:-7
QUERIES:-
CAT
---
A
B
C
D
E
COUNT(*)
----------
1
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM MEMBERS WHERE CATEGORY='B';
COUNT(*)
----------
1
COUNT(*)
----------
1
COUNT(*)
----------
1
COUNT(*)
----------
1
EXPERIMENT:8
AIM:- LIST ALL TITLE NAME WITH CORRESPONDING SUBJECT NAME
QUERIES:-
SUBJECT_NM SUBJECT_ID
---------------------------------------- ----------
ALGORITEMS AND DATASTRUCTURE PROGRAM 3
CIPHER 5
COBOL 1
COBOL PROGRAMMING 1
COMPREHENSIVE COBOL 1
DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM 2
DATA STRUCTURES 3
DATABASE 4
DATABASE MANAGEMENT 4
DATASTRUCTURE AND ALGORITHEMS 1
INTRODUCTION TO CIPPER5.01 5
SUBJECT_NM SUBJECT_ID
---------------------------------------- ----------
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2
MODERN STRUCTURE ANALYSIS 2
PROGRAMMING IN CIPPER 5
SYSTEM ANALYSIS 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN 2
16 rows selected.
EXPERIMENT:9
AIM:- DISPLAY ALL TITLES ALONG WITH THEIR PUBLISHER AND SUBJECT NAME
QUERIES:-