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b. Proof of {X → Y} and Y ⊇ Z ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → Y (given)
2. Y → Z (using IR1 and knowing Y ⊇ Z)
3. X → Z (using IR3 on 1 and 2)
c. Proof {X → Y, X → W, WY → Z} ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → W (given)
2. XY → WY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with Y)
3. X → Y (given)
4. X → XY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with X; notice that XX = X)
5. X → WY (using IR3 on 2 and 4)
6. WY → Z (given)
7. X → Z (using IR3 on 4 and 5)
e. Disproof of {X → Z, Y → Z} ╞ {X → Y}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZ
001
011
X → Z, Y → Z are satisfied. CS 440 - Assignment #1 - Solutions
4
But X → Y is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of X in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of Y are different.
f. Proof of {X → Y, XY → Z} ╞ {X → Z}
1. X → Y (given)
2. X → XY (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with X; notice that XX = X)
3. XY → Z (given)
4. X → Z (using IR3 on 2 and 3)
h. Disproof of {XY → Z, Z → X} ╞ {Z → Y}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZ
001
011
XY → Z and Z → X are satisfied.
But Z → Y is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of Z in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of Y are different.
i. Proof of {X → Y, Y → Z} ╞ {X → YZ}
1. Y → Z (given)
2. Y → YZ (using IR2 on 1 by augmenting with Y; notice that YY = Y)
3. X → Y (given)
4. X → YZ (using IR3 on 2 and 3)
j. Disproof of {XY → Z, Z → W} ╞ {X → W}
Consider the relation instance as below:
XYZW
0000
0111
XY → Z, Z → W are satisfied. CS 440 - Assignment #1 - Solutions
5
But X → W is not satisfied because with the same value 0 of X in the first and the second
record, the coresponding values of W are different.