Algebra 2 10.

2 Logarithms Name _____________1

and Logarithmic Functions

You know that 22 = 4 and 23 = 8 but for what value of x does 2x= 6?

It makes sense that 2 < x <3, but how can we find the exact value???
Logarithms answer this question.

Definition of Logarithm with Base b

Log bx = y if and only if b y = x where b and x > 0 and b ≠ 1.

Logarithms are exponents!

Equations in
Exponential Form can be written as Logarithmic form:
23 = 8 log28 = 3

102 = 100 ______________

4-2 = 1/16 ______________

Reversing this procedure, convert to exponential form from logarithmic form…

___________________ log5 25= 2

___________________ log2 32= 5

Write in log form…

82 = 64 _______________

103 = 1000 _______________

34 = 81 _______________

Example 1: Write in exponential form…and evaluate

a. log 5 125 = x. b. log 9 3 = x

Algebra 2 10.2 Logarithms Name _____________2
and Logarithmic Functions

Example 2: Evaluate without the use of a calculator.

a. log 3 81 b. log 5 125

1
c. log 5 125 d. log 2 32

e. log 3 (-1)

Special Logarithm Values:

Let a and x be positive real numbers such that a ≠ 1.

1. log a 1 = ________ because a ___ = 1.
2. log a a = ________ because a ___ = a.
3. log a ax = ________ because a ___ = ax.

Inverse Properties of Logs

Since logs and exponents undo each other we have:

blog x = x
b
and logb bx = x
Example 3: Evaluate each expression
log 9 92
2
a. b. 7 log 7 ( x −1)

Solve logarithmic equations by changing them into exponential form.

Example 4: Solve and check solution.

4
a. log 8 n = 3
b. log 4 x2 = log 4 (4x – 3)

Assignment: Pages 535 – 538, 4 – 12 e, 22 – 44 e, 50, 54 – 58 e, 62,

78 – 82 e, 86 – 90 e