1.

Types of interaction between the organisms

in a community are:
a) Prey-predator
b) Symbiosis
c) Competition
1. Predator- hunt other animals for food
2. Prey- animal that gets eaten by predator
3. Examples:
a) Barn owls or snakes prey on rats
b) Eagles prey on snake
c) Sparrows prey on worms
d) Lions prey on deers
 a) Rats-Snakes, Barn Owl

Rat Barn Owl

Snake

prey
predator
b)Snakes- Eagles

Snake Eagle

prey predator
c) Worms -Sparrows

Worm Sparrow

prey predator
d) Deers-Lions

Deer Lion

prey predator
 Prey Predator
Monoscopic vision Steroscopic vision
Ability to move fast Large, strong canines
Lives in groups (etc. Sharp, strong, curved claws
elephants)
Camourflamage body
Monoscopic vision

Camouflage body
Large, sharp beaks

Stereoscopic vision Sharp, big, strong, curved claws

1. Means-living together and depending on each
other
2. Three types:
a) Commensalism
b) Mutualism
c) Parasitism
1. Two organism interact but only one gets
benefit and the other does not gain anything.
2. Examples:
a) Barnacles living on whale’s body and crab
b) Bird’s nest fern living on tree branches
c) Remora fish attaches at shark’s body
Barnacles gains transport to look for food
Host: Whale/crab– gains no benefit
Commensal: Barnacles– gains benefit
Bird’s nest fern gains sunlight, support and
nutrient by adhering to a tree
Host: Tree – gains no benefit
Commensal: Bird’s nest fern – gains benefit
Remora fish gets source of nutrient & helps to
cleans the shark’s body
Host: Shark– gains no benefit
Commensal: Remora fish– gains benefit
The birds get source of food& help the
buffalo to remove ticks

Host: Buffalo –gains no benefit

Commensal: Bird – gains benefit
1. Two organisms interact and both gets benefit
2. Examples:
a) Sea anemone and clownfish
b) Lichen and Fungus
Anemone protects the Clownfish from predators, providing food

Clownfish defends the anemone from its predators,cleans it from parasites.

 Lichen consists of fungus and
algae living together

Fungus protects the algae

Algae makes the food

Fungus

Algae
1. 1. Two organisms interact and one gets
benefit and the host losses/harm
2. Examples:
a) Tapeworm living in human intestine
b) Rafflesia parasite plant
1. Is an effective way to control pest by using
prey-predator relationship to control pest.
2. Example:- farmer uses owls and snake to
control rats in oil palm estate
Advantage Disadvantage
a) Does not cause a) Takes longer time
pollution compared to chemicals

b) Safe and no effect to b) May effect other

other organism species if choose
wrongly
c) Low cost c) Predator may become
nuisance
1. All organisms interact through food
relationship in an ecosystem,
2. Can be classified as:
a) Producers
b) Consumers
c) Decomposers
1. Producers such as Green plants which are able
to make their own food
1. There are three types of consumers:
a) Primary consumers-first group of animals that
feed on plants
b) Secondary consumers- feed on primary
consumers
c) Tertiary consumers- feed on secondary
consumers
 Primary consumers Secondary consumers

Chicken Snake

Paddy plant Eagle

Caterpillar Frog

Producers Primary consumers Secondary Tertiary

consumers consumer
1. Organisms that feed on dead plants and
animals.
2. Decays and breaks down the dead substances
into simpler substances
3. Examples: bacteria, fungus