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3G BASIC OVERVIEW

BALI, SEPTEMBER 11-12, 2008


AGENDA

I insert classification level


2 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Date
IMT-2000 frequency allocations – Rel 99

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 MHz

Satellite
Mobile

Satellite
Mobile
IMT-2000 ITU IMT-2000

UMTS (TDD)
UMTS (TDD)

Satellite
UMTS

Mobile
Satellite
UMTS
DECT

Mobile
GSM
1800 (FDD) Europe (FDD)

(TDD)
UMTS (TDD)
Satellite

Satellite
Mobile

Mobile
Japan
PHS

IMT-2000 IMT-2000
IMT-2000
unlicensed

Satellite
USA

Mobile
Satellite
Mobile

PCS
PCS

PCS

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3 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Spectrum Allocations– 3GPP rel4
Frequency MHz
1920 1980 2010 2025 2110 2170 2200
60MHz 60MHz

TDD FDD SATELLITE TDD FDD SATELLITE

Uplink Uplink Downlink Downlink

Duplex 190 MHz

3G(WCDMA) 2GHz frequency band for Europe and APAC

Frequency MHz
1850 1910 1930 1990
60MHz 60MHz

FDD FDD

Uplink Downlink

Duplex 80 MHz

3G(WCDMA 1900) for U.S

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4 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
WCDMA/HSPA Spectrum – 3GPP Rel6

• WCDMA/HSPA is standardized for all cellular band

= WCDMA/HSPA band in 3GPP today


= WCDMA/HSPA band under work in 3GPP, target end of 2005
Up to2
Band VII 2600 190 MHz New 3G band

Band I 2100 2x60 MHz Mainstream WCDMA band


Band II 1900 2x60 MHz PCS band in USA and Americas
Band IV 1700/2100 ..
2x60 MHz
1800 in Europe, Asia and Brazil
Band III 1800, 17001 2x75 MHz
1700 in Japan and China
900 2x35 MHz Europe, Asia and Brazil
Band V,VI 800, 850 2x25 MHz Americas, Japan, Asia

1
1800 completed, 1700 under work in 3GPP
2
Some regions may not have the full band available
Soc Classification level
5 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Background – Transmission Bandwidth

• WCDMA and CDMA2000 both use Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
• WCDMA:
– 5 MHz carrier spacing
Higher bandwidth implies
– 3.84 Mcps chip rate •Better multipath diversity
• CDMA2k: •Higher processing gain
– 1.25 MHz carrier spacing •Higher bitrates
– 1.2288 Mcps •Lower power fluctuation

5 MHz 5 MHz

1.25 MHz

• Processing Gain = 10*log(Chip rate/bitrate)

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6 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
HSPA Peak Data Rates
Downlink HSDPA Uplink HSUPA
• Theoretical up to 14 Mbps • Theoretical up to 5.76 Mbps
• Initial capability 1.8 – 3.6 Mbps • Initial capability 1.46 Mbps
Max Max
# of codes Modulation # of codes TTI
data rate data rate
2 ms
5 codes QPSK 1.8 Mbps Phase 1 2 x SF4
10 ms
1.46 Mbps Phase 1

5 codes 16-QAM 3.6 Mbps Phase 2 2 x SF2 10 ms 2.0 Mbps

10 codes 16-QAM 7.2 Mbps Phase 3 2 x SF2 2 ms 2.9 Mbps

2 x SF2 +
15 codes 16-QAM 10.1 Mbps 2 ms 5.76 Mbps
2 x SF4

15 codes 16-QAM 14.0 Mbps

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7 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Mixed Voice/Data in 1xEV-DO

• 1xEV-DO does not support voice services


• Needs the use of 1x carriers to handle voice calls
• Inefficient scheme
Blocking for speech
= data
Power Power
= voice Low data throughput
Max capacity Max capacity

EV-DO

cdma2k Unused
5 MHz voice capacity

cdma2k
voice

GSM, All capacity


GSM,EDGE
EDGEor
orWCDMA
WCDMA fully utilized 22xxcdma2k
cdma2k++EV-DO
EV-DO
Soc Classification level
8 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Key parameters in TDD and in WCDMA
TD-SCDMA
TD-SCDMA TD-CDMA
TD-CDMA WCDMA/HSPA
WCDMA/HSPA
(LCR
(LCRTDD)
TDD) (HCR
(HCRTDD)
TDD)
Bandwidth
Bandwidth 1.6
1.6MHz
MHz 55MHz
MHz 55MHz
MHz

Chip
Chiprate
rate 1.28
1.28Mcps
Mcps 3.84
3.84Mcps
Mcps 3.84
3.84Mcps
Mcps
Spectrum
Spectrum Unpaired
flexibility Unpairedspectrum
spectrum Unpaired
Unpairedspectrum
spectrum Paired
Pairedspectrum
spectrum
flexibility
Multiple
Multipleaccess
access TDMA/CDMA
TDMA/CDMA TDMA/CDMA
TDMA/CDMA CDMA
CDMA
10.7
10.7Mbps
Mbps
Peak
Peakbit
bitrate
rate 2.8
2.8Mbps
Mbps 10.2
10.2Mbps
Mbps (14.0 Mbps)
(14.0 Mbps)

TD-SCDMA Technology solutions to be verified by large scale field trials


• TDD operation
• Interference control between uplink and downlink
• Joint detection receivers
• Smart antenna performance and site solutions
• Dynamic frequency and channel allocation algorithms
• Synchronization between operators
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9 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Voice Spectral Efficiency
>700 Simultaneous Users per 3-sector Site with 10 MHz Spectrum

300

250
Erlangs / sector / 10 MHz

AMR 4.75
200 AMR 5.9
AMR12.2
150 DFCA
SAIC
AMR
100 EFR

50

0
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GSM WCDMA
10 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Wideband AMR Provides Major Step in WCDMA
Voice Quality
= Current AMR with audio bandwidth 300-3400 Hz
= Wideband-AMR with audio bandwidth 50-7000 Hz

Audio bandwidth Capacity


Wideband
AMR Similar capacity with WB-
AMR as AMR 12.2 kbps
50-7000 Hz 90
80
70
Landline 60
phone AMR
Users per 50
sector 40
300 - 30
3400 Hz 20
10
0
AMR7.95 AMR12.2 WB-AMR WB-AMR
8.85 12.65

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11 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
= not feasible
Service Evolution with Nokia 3G Radio
= feasible with capacity or service
performance limitations
= feasible with attractive
performance and efficiency

GSM/GPRS GSM/EDGE WCDMA WCDMA/HSPA


Very high spectral efficiency with Very high base station hardware capacity and
AMR voice
AMR+SAIC even higher spectral efficiency

CS only
Wideband AMR Defined in 3GPP but no Nokia product plans OK

CS video call - Under study OK


CS voice + With DTM text based OK with DTM, more
More capacity Even more capacity

CS+PS
email/MMS emails capacity than GPRS
CS voice + video With DTM and 3+3
- 100-110 kbps Even more capacity
sharing UE 40-60 kbps
MP3 music
>10 min download 4 min download 2 min download <1 min download
download
E2e ok, capacity
PoC More capacity More capacity Even more capacity
challenging

PS only
Streaming
20 kbps 60-80 kbps 100-110 kbps 200-300 kbps
(Mobile TV)
Low quality / limited coverage and E2e ok but efficiency Efficiency could be
VoIP
low efficiency VoIP with 3GPP R4 lower than CS better than CS voice
Broadband Narrowband Average 100-150 kbps Average 200-300 kbps 1-2 Mbps with <100
internet access internet access with 300 ms with 150 ms ms
Soc Classification level
12 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
UMTS Air Interface Technical Aspects

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13 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
UMTS Air Interface Technical Aspects

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14 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
WCDMA Technology

WCDMA
Carrier

Frequency
3 .8 4 M H z

5 MHz
Time
5+5 MHz in FDD mode Direct Sequence (DS) CDMA
5 MHz in TDD mode

WCDMA TDMA (GSM)


5 MHz, 1 carrier 5 MHz, 25 carriers

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15 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
1 radio frame = 10 ms
Each radio frame has 15 slot.
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16 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Energy Box

Originating Bit Received Bit

nd
Power

Ba
cy
en
qu
e
Fr
Duration
(SF)

Energy pro bit = const

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17 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Spreading & Processing Gain
Bit rate
R‘
Power density (Watts/Hz)

Unspread narrowband signal Spread wideband signal

Frequency
Bandwidth W (3.84 Mchip/sec)

R  G p  const  W  3.84 Mchip


sec
BU u 38400
SF    Gp Gp:
BUu:
processing gain
system chip rate
BBearer BBearer BBearer:
R:
bearer symbol rate
User data bit rate
(L2)
SF: spreading factor

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18 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Processing Gain Examples
Voice user (R=12,2 kbit/s)
R
Power density (W/Hz)

Gp=W/R=24.98 dB

• Spreading sequences
have a different length
Frequency (Hz)
• Processing gain
Packet data user (R=384 kbit/s) depends on the user data
R rate
Gp=W/R=10
Power density (W/Hz)

dB

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19 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
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20 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
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Channelisation and Scrambling Codes

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22 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
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23 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
DL & UL Channalisation Codes

• Walsh-Hadamard codes: orthogonal variable spreading


factor codes (OVSF codes)
– SF for the DL transmission in FDD mode = {4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512}
– SF for the UL transmission in FDD mode = {4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256}
• Good orthogonality properties: cross correlation value for
each code pair in the code set equals 0
• Orthogonal codes are suited for channel separation, where
synchronisation between different channels can be
guaranteed, e.g. downlink channels under one cell, uplink
channels from a single user; uplink signals from different
users are not time synchronised.
• Orthogonal codes have bad auto correlation properties and
thus not suited in an asynchronous environment

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24 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Channelisation Code Tree

SF= SF= SF= SF= SF=1 ... SF=25 SF=51


1 2 4 8 6
C (0)=[............]
6 2
C8(0)=[11111111] 16

C16(1)=[............]
C4(0)=[1111]
C16(2)=[............]
C8(1)=[1111-1-1-1-1]
C2(0)=[11] C16(3)=[............]

C16(4)=[............]
C8(2)=[11-1-111-1-1]
C16(5)=[............]
C4(1)=[11-1-1]
C16(6)=[............]
C8(3)=[11-1-1-1-111]
C16(7)=[............]
C0(0)=[1]
C16(8)=[............]
C8(0)=[1-11-11-11-1]
C16(9)=[............]
C4(2)=[1-11-1]
C16(10)=[...........]
C8(5)=[1-11-1-11-11]
C2(1)=[1-1] C16(11)=[...........]

C16(12)=[...........
C8(6)=[1-1-111-1-11] ]
C16(13=[...........]
C4(3)=[1-1-11]
C16(14)=[...........
C8(7)=[1-1-11-111-1] ]
C16(15)=[...........
]
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25 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Chips & Bits & Symbols
Bits (In this drawing, 1 bit = 8 Chips)

+1
Baseband Data
-1
Chip Chip
+1
Spreading Code
-1
+1
Spread Signal
-1

Air Interface
di n g
s pr ea +1

De -1
+1
Data
-1

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26 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL)

Half rate speech


Full rate speech

128 kbps
384 kbps

2 Mbps

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27 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Scrambling Codes & Multipath Propagation

Spramblin
g code C1

+1 
3

C1+2 C2
C1 + Spramblin
1
g code C2

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28 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
RAKE Receiver

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Micro Diversity

Node B
MS RAKE Summed signal
RAKE Receiver
Receiver

Micro Diversity Points


max ratio combining is used

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30 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data
Macro Diversity in the RNC

Node B
Active cell set

Macro Diversity Point


selection combining is used

Node B
S-RNC Core Network

Node B
D-RNC

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31 © Nokia Siemens Networks Presentation / Author / Data

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