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I _____________, very thankful to the Almighty Allah because of the grace and mercy to me
to complete this Science folio entitled Classification of Animals without facing any problems.
I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to my teacher,__________________,
who never tired of providing me with encouragement and guidance on how to make a review according
to the criteria set. She also helped me to check the data, reports and rebuke me so that I will achieve
good results and excellent research.
In addition, I also want to wish thanks to both of my parents,_________________ and
______________, who helped to prepare this work. Without their support, I probably could not finish
this work. This is because this folio requires energy, ideas and money to finish it.
Not to forget, my fellow friends,_____________________________________, who had helped
me to complete this folio. They had also corrected my spelling errors and channelled the appropriate
information for the preparation of this scrapbook smoothly.
 Introduction
  
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Classification of animal is the grouping of objects into sets according to one or more common properties
or characteristic. Common characteristics are characteristics that are possessed by two or more types of
species. Common characteristics in animals include methods of reproduction, types of food, habitats and
physical features. Scientific have classified living organism into different major groups and subgroups to make
it easier to study living organisms in more systematic manner. The classification is based on common
characteristics and distinctive features such as their structures, development and life style.

  
  
A classification system is required to group living things methodically because of their large number and
types. Living organism is classified into two groups; animals and plant kingdoms. Animal kingdom is classified
into two groups to make it easier. The two groups are vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals
that have backbones whereas invertebrates are animals that without backbones. They possess common
characteristics which differentiate them from other species. Classification is important to enable more in-
depth scientific studies to be carried out for the improvement of the species themselves.


G To classify various animals based on the common characteristic
G To classify vertebrates into five groups and invertebrates into two groups
G To study the characteristic of each of vertebrates and invertebrates
G To understand move about the living things such as vertebrates and invertebrates
 Classification
of Animals

Vertebrates Invertebrates
(with backbones) (without backbones)

Mammals With jointed legs

Without jointed
Birds legs

Reptiles

Fish

Amphibians
 Warm-blooded
animals
Giving birth
except duck-billed
Breathe using
platypus, spiny
lungs
anteater and
scaly anteater

Fed their young

with milk
produced by the
Mammals External
fertilization
mother·s
mammary glands

Covered with hair

Live on land
or fur
 Cold-blooded
animals

Covered with
Breathe
dry and scaly
using lungs
skin

Have two
M
 
pairs of limbs Internal
except fertilization
snakes

Live in water
Lay eggs
and on land
 Warm-
blooded
animals Breathe
Covered
using
with fur
lungs

Have 6 
beaks Live on
and land
wings
Lay
Internal
eggs
fertiliza
with
tion
shells
 Cold-blooded
animals
Covered with
hard Breathe
protective through gills
scales

Have fins and

tails Fish External
fertilization

Bodies are
Live in water
streamlined
Lay eggs
except
sharks
 Covered with
Have two pairs of
smooth and moist
limbs
skin
Adult: Breath
Lay jelly-covered
through lungs
eggs without
and loose moist
shells
skin

Cold-blooded Live on land and

animals in water

Young: Breathe External

amphibians
through gills fertilization
 Have segmented
bodies

With
jointed
Have a hard skin
on the outside
legs Have differing
numbers of legs;
6 pairs, 8 pairs
called
and more than 8
exoskeleton
pairs
=ith 6 legs
=ith 8 legs
=ith more than 8 legs
 Worm-like ² Some have segmented
bodies

Without
jointed legs

Non-worm-like ² Some have

shells
=orm-like
on-worm-like
 Discussion

Ä


G There are about 47 000 kinds of vertebrates.
G Vertebrates is classified into five smaller groups; fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals.
G Some of the common characteristics used in classifying vertebrates are:
- Habitats
- Body temperatures
- Types of movement
- The outer covering of bodies
- Types of respiration that take place
- Reproductive method



G Invertebrates account for more than 90% of the species in the animal kingdom.
G Many of the invertebrates are small in size and have simple body structures. They
cannot grow too big because they do not have a backbone to support their weight.
G This group includes insects, scorpions, molluscs, worms, crabs and prawns.
G Invertebrates may be broadly divided into those with jointed legs and those without
jointed legs
  
I would like to thank my Science teacher for her
guidance. I also would not forget my friends that had given
me enough support that I need. Thank you once more.
By doing this scrapbook, I know more about
classification of animals. Other than that, I also know how to
classify various animals based on their common
characteristics. In conclusion, I have learned a lot of about
classification of animals by doing the scrapbook.
M 
G Science Textbook Form 2 Volume 1
Tho Lai Hoong and Hasnah Binti Abu Samah, Science Form 2, Selangor: Sasbadi SDN.
BHD
G Longman Essential Science PMR
Yeap Tok Kheng, Science PMR, Selangor: PEARSON MALAYSIA SDN. BHD
G SUCCESS Science PMR
Ooi Soi Tai, Science PMR, Selangor: OXFORD FAJAR SDN. BHD
GInternet