Chapter 15 – Cardiovascular Disease: Risks, Prevention, and Treatment

1. How many chambers does the heart have?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 6
2. The right ventricle of the heart
A. pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
B. receives oxygen-poor blood from the body.
C. pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body.
D. receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs.
3. The leading cause of death in the United States is
A. accidents/injury.
B. cancer.
C. cardiovascular disease.
D. violence.
4. Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is FALSE?
A. It is a progressive progress that begins at a young age.
B. It starts with a fatty streak - an accumulation of lipoproteins.
C. Heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease are all due to
atherosclerosis.
D. It is an irreversible process.
5. Sy had a myocardial infarction; in other words, Sy had a(n)
A. arrythmia.
B. heart attack.
C. stroke.
D. cerebrovascular accident.
6. Which of the following statements regarding symptoms of heart attacks is FALSE?
A. Pain may radiate to the neck, jaw, left or right shoulder or arm.
B. An individual may feel a heavy weight or pressure feeling in the chest.
C. In large studies more women than men did not have chest pain or discomfort with
their heart attack.
D. All symptoms occur in all cases; they are just not always recognized.
7. A blood clot that develops at a distant site and then travels to a blood vessel, where it
becomes lodged and blocks blood flow, is called what?
A. embolism
B. hemorrhage
C. thrombosis
D. aneurysm
8. Which of the following conditions, with sudden onset, is NOT a signal that a stroke has
occurred?
A. difficulty with speech
B. ringing ears
C. confusion
D. dimness or loss of vision in one eye
9. Which of the following statements about peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is FALSE?
A. PVD most often involves the muscles of the legs.
B. PVD is made worse by tobacco use.
C. PVD is a clue to advanced atherosclerosis.
D. PVD is often fatal in older adults.
10. Kevin woke up and had difficulty speaking. He went to the hospital and, several hours
later, his speech was back to normal. What medical condition best describes Kevin’s
situation?
A. hemorrhagic stroke
B. transient ischemic attack
C. myocardial infarction
D. thrombotic stroke
11. What is a condition in which the heart becomes scarred after a throat infection with a
strain of streptococcus bacteria (strep throat)?
A. congestive heart failure
B. rheumatic fever
C. congenital heart disease
D. cardiomyopathy
12. The optimal range for blood pressure level is
A. systolic–less than 120; diastolic–less than 80.
B. systolic–less than 130; diastolic–less than 85.
C. systolic–130 to 139; diastolic–85 to 89.
D. systolic–140 to 159; diastolic–90 to 99.
13. Which of the following ethnic population groups has the highest rate of hypertension?
A. Blacks
B. Whites
C. Hispanic
D. Asian American
14. Perhaps the most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is
A. age.
B. gender.
C. race.
D. family history.
15. Which of the following is NOT one of the Chain of Survival steps developed by the
American Red Cross?
A. early activation of emergency medical services
B. early advanced cardiac life support
C. early defibrillation
D. early administration of aspirin
E. early cardiopulmonary resuscitation
16. Which of the following statements regarding differences between men and women with
heart disease is FALSE?
A. Health providers may be less likely to think about heart disease in women than in
men.
B. Women are more likely to have no symptoms prior to a heart attack.
C. Women are more likely to delay seeking treatment.
 D. If a woman has a heart attack, she is less likely than a man to die from it.
17. Which of the following is NOT one of the major controllable risk factors known to
increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?
A. tobacco use
B. hypertension
C. vitamin deficiency
D. high LDL cholesterol
18. Elevated levels of which type of lipoprotein are clearly associated with atherosclerosis?
A. very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
B. low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
C. intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs)
D. high density lipoproteins (HDLs)
19. Which type of lipoprotein takes cholesterol from cells or atherosclerotic deposits back to
the liver?
A. very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
B. low density lipoproteins (LDLs)
C. intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs)
D. high density lipoproteins (HDLs)
20. Which of the following statements regarding high density lipoproteins (HDLs) is
FALSE?
A. HDL level is mainly determine by genetics.
B. Alcohol use influences HDL levels.
C. HDL levels vary greatly with age.
D. HDL levels are higher among women and Blacks.
21. What is the leading controllable risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease?
A. hypertension
B. tobacco use
C. obesity
D. alcohol use
22. Which of the following statements regarding tobacco and cardiovascular risk is FALSE?
A. Tobacco damages the inner lining of blood vessels.
B. Tobacco triggers spasms that close off blood vessels.
C. Tobacco decreases levels of HDL cholesterol.
D. Tobacco decreases levels of LDL cholesterol.
23. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Secondhand tobacco smoke increases the risk of heart disease.
B. Postmenopausal estrogen replacement decreases the risk of heart disease.
C. High HDL cholesterol levels increase the risk of heart disease.
D. High levels of homocysteine decrease the risk of heart disease.
24. Which of the following statements regarding diabetes is FALSE?
A. Women with diabetes appear to lose their protection against cardiovascular
disease.
B. Blood vessels in diabetics are particularly susceptible to atherosclerosis.
C. Atherosclerosis occurs at an earlier age and is more extensive in diabetics.
D. People with diabetes are less likely to have “silent” heart attacks.
25. High blood levels of the amino acid ___________________ have been linked to
increased risks of coronary artery disease and stroke.
A. lipoprotein A
B. insulin
C. glucosamine
D. homocysteine
26. A combination of insulin resistance, hypertension, high lipids, and central obesity
represents what medical syndrome?
A. homocysteine syndrome
B. metabolic syndrome
C. Syndrome Y
D. C reactive syndrome
27. Which of the following statements regarding tobacco use and cardiovascular disease is
FALSE?
A. Smoking alters the blood-clotting process.
B. Risk of heart attack or stroke is related to the number of cigarettes smoked and the
duration of use.
C. Smoking effects appear to decrease about 10 years after tobacco use is stopped.
D. Environmental (secondhand) tobacco smoke increases risk for cardiovascular
disease.
28. Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of cerebrovascular disease is
FALSE?
A. Clot-dissolving medications can decrease the damage caused by a stroke.
B. Clot-dissolving medications can restore blood flow to the brain.
C. Clot-dissolving medication can only be administered within the first three hours
of the onset of symptoms of a stroke.
D. Clot-dissolving medications can be used for all types of strokes.
29. An electrocardiogram, or EKG, is used to visualize what?
A. electrical activity in the heart
B. heart wall muscle movement
C. heart valves
D. blocked coronary arteries
30. During which surgical procedure is a balloon catheter threaded into the narrowed area of
a closed vessel and inflated to stretch the vessel open again?
A. angioplasty
B. coronary artery bypass
C. echocardiogram
D. coronary catheterization