Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part A
Which of the following describe the relationship between the motion diagram/movie and the graph?
Check all that apply.
ANSWER: ✔ When the slope of the graph is close to zero, the pictures in the motion diagram are close together.
✔ When the slope of the graph is steep, the car is moving quickly.
When the slope of the graph is positive, the car is to the right of its starting position.
When the x position on the graph is negative, the car moves backward. When the x position on the
graph is positive, the car moves forward.
When the x position on the graph is negative, the car moves slowly. When the x position on the
graph is positive, the car moves quickly.
When the x position on the graph is negative, the car is to the left of its starting position. When the
x position on the graph is positive, the car is to the right of its starting position.
✔
Notice that the first and second options are always true, regardless of the values of , , and . The last option,
however, is only true when . Frequently, you will be able to pick your coordinate system. In such cases,
making is often a good choice.
Part B
Run the simulation, paying close attention to the graph of position. Press reset and change the value of . Run
the simulation again, noting any changes in the graph. How does varying affect the graph of position?
ANSWER: Increasing increases the width of the graph, whereas decreasing decreases the width.
Increasing shifts the graph to the right, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to the left.
Increasing shifts the graph to the left, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to the right.
Increasing shifts the graph upward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph downward.
Increasing shifts the graph downward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph upward.
Changing does not affect the graph.
Correct
Part C
Now, run the simulation with different values of , but don't use any positive values. Note any changes in the graph.
How does varying affect the graph of position?
Choose the best answer.
ANSWER: Increasing increases the width of the graph, whereas decreasing decreases the width.
Increasing shifts the graph to the right and upward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to
the left and downward.
Increasing shifts the graph to the left and upward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to
the right and downward.
Increasing shifts the graph to the right and downward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph
to the left and upward.
Increasing shifts the graph to the left and downward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph
to the right and upward.
Changing does not affect the graph.
Correct
This behavior may be a bit difficult to understand by just looking at the equation for position vs. time that you know
from kinematics. If you complete the square to get the equation into standard form for a parabola, this should become
more apparent.
Now that you've seen how affects the graph, run the simulation with a few different values of acceleration. You
should see that increasing the acceleration decreases the width of the graph and decreasing the acceleration increases
the width. (Decreasing the acceleration below 0 makes the parabola open downward instead of upward.)
Part D
Enter the equation for position as a function of time. Before submitting your answer, check that it is consistent with
the qualities of the graph that you have identified. For instance, if you increase in the equation, would it move the
graph upward?
Express your answer in terms of time , initial position , initial velocity , and acceleration .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part E
Now, open this applet. This applet looks like the previous applet, but when you run the simulation, you will now get graphs
of both position and velocity. Run the simulation several times with different values of . How does changing affect
the graph of velocity?
ANSWER: Increasing increases the slope of the graph, whereas decreasing decreases the slope.
Increasing shifts the graph to the right, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to the left.
Increasing shifts the graph to the left, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph to the right.
Increasing shifts the graph upward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph downward.
Increasing shifts the graph downward, whereas decreasing it shifts the graph upward.
Changing does not affect the graph.
Part F
Run the simulation again, with the following settings: , , and . The units of time in
the graph are seconds. At what time is the velocity equal to zero?
ANSWER:
3
Correct
Notice that the position graph has a minimum when velocity equals zero. This should make sense to you. Since velocity
is the derivative of position, position has a local minimum or maximum when velocity is zero.
Part G
Suppose that a car starts from rest at position and accelerates with a constant acceleration of 4.15 . At
what time is the velocity of the car 19.2 ? Use the applet to be certain that your answer is reasonable.
ANSWER:
= 4.63
Correct
Part H
For the same initial conditions as in the last part, what is the car's position at time 4.05 ? Again, be sure to use the
applet to check that your answer is reasonable.
ANSWER:
= 30.7
Correct
Any time that you are working a physics problem, you should check that your answer is reasonable. Even when you
don't have an applet with which to check, you have a wealth of personal experience. For example, if you obtain an
answer such as "the distance from New York to Los Angeles is 3.96 ," you know it must be wrong. You should always
try to relate situations from physics class to real-life situations.
As you look out of your dorm window, a flower pot suddenly falls past. The pot is visible for a time , and the vertical
length of your window is . Take down to be the positive direction, so that downward velocities are positive and
the acceleration due to gravity is the positive quantity .
Assume that the flower pot was dropped by someone on the floor above you (rather than thrown downward).
Part A
From what height above the bottom of your window was the flower pot dropped?
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
If the bottom of your window is a height above the ground, what is the velocity of the pot as it hits the
ground? You may introduce the new variable , the speed at the bottom of the window, defined by
ANSWER:
Correct
A man is running at speed (much less than the speed of light) to catch a bus already at a stop.
At , when he is a distance from the door to the bus, the bus starts moving with the positive
acceleration .
Use a coordinate system with at the door of the stopped bus.
Part A
What is , the position of the man as a function of time?
Hint A.1 Which equation should you use for the man's speed?
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
Hint B.1 Which equation should you use for the bus's acceleration?
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
What condition is necessary for the man to catch the bus? Assume he catches it at time .
ANSWER:
Correct
Part D
Inserting the formulas you found for and into the condition , you obtain
the following:
, or .
Intuitively, the man will not catch the bus unless he is running fast enough. In mathematical terms, there is a constraint
on the man's speed so that the equation above gives a solution for that is a real positive number.
Find , the minimum value of for which the man will catch the bus.
Express the minimum value for the man's speed in terms of and .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part E
Assume that the man misses getting aboard when he first meets up with the bus. Does he get a second chance if
he continues to run at the constant speed ?
ANSWER:
No; there is no chance he is going to get aboard.
Yes; he will get a second chance
Correct
A graph of acceleration of the table versus time, termed a ballistocardiogram, is generated. Based on these
measurements, the acceleration of the blood ejected by the heart can be determined. Patients with low blood
accelerations generally have weakened heart muscles.
A sketch of a single cycle of a ballistocardiogram is given in the figure. Acceleration and time have been measured
in unknown units.
Part A
At what time is the speed of the table (and hence the speed of the blood in the opposite direction) a maximum?
ANSWER: 3
Correct
Part A
Change the values of the initial position, initial velocity, and the acceleration of the car so that its center follows the
same path as the dot. What is the equation that describes the motion of the dot?
ANSWER:
= 12.0
Correct
ANSWER: -12.0
= Answer
Requested
Find the acceleration of the dot. This will be much easier if you find first and set the car and dot to the same .
You may want to adjust the and settings for the car at the same time to help make the trajectory of the car closer to
that of the dot. It will be helpful to get the value of close to that of the dot before trying to match the accelerations.
Express your answer in meters per second squared to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
= 2.0
Correct
Express your answer in terms of . Enter all of the numbers in the equation without their units, as it
is understood that you are using meters, meters per second, and meters per second squared
for distances, speeds, and accelerations, respectively.
ANSWER:
=
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Part B
The simulation runs until , even though the dot is far off of the screen by then. What is the position of the
dot at time ?
ANSWER:
= 172
Correct
To take off from the ground, an airplane must reach a sufficiently high speed. The velocity required for the takeoff,
the takeoff velocity, depends on several factors, including the weight of the aircraft and the wind velocity.
Part A
A plane accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 5.00 along a runway that is 1800 long. Assume that the
plane reaches the required takeoff velocity at the end of the runway. What is the time needed to take off?
Hint A.2 Find the equation for the distance traveled by the plane
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= 26.83
Correct
Part B
What is the speed of the plane as it takes off?
Hint B.2 Find the equation for the velocity of the plane
Which expression best describes the velocity of the plane after a certain interval of time ? Let be the initial velocity
of the plane, and use for the acceleration of the plane. Remember that the plane starts from rest.
ANSWER:
Correct
Alternatively, you can use the relation (recalling that in this case ).
ANSWER:
= 134
Correct
Part C
What is the distance traveled by the plane in the first second of its run?
ANSWER:
= 2.50
Correct
Part D
What is the distance traveled by the plane in the last second before taking off?
ANSWER:
= 132
Correct
Since the plane is accelerating, the average speed of the plane during the last second of its run is greater than its
average speed during the first second of the run. Not surprisingly, so is the distance traveled.
Part E
What percentage of the takeoff velocity did the plane gain when it reached the midpoint of the runway?
ANSWER: 70
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
This is a "rule of thumb" generally used by pilots. Since the takeoff velocity for a particular aircraft can be computed
before the flight, a pilot can determine whether the plane will successfully take off before the end of the runway by
verifying that the plane has gained 70% of the takeoff velocity by the time it reaches half the length of the runway. If
the plane hasn't reached that velocity, the pilot knows that there isn't enough time to reach the needed takeoff
velocity before the plane reaches the end of the runaway. At that point, applying the brakes and aborting the takeoff is
the safest course of action.
For each of the motions described below, determine the algebraic sign ( , , or ) of the velocity and acceleration of
the object at the time specified. For all of the motions, the positive y axis is upward.
Part A
An elevator is moving downward when someone presses the emergency stop button. The elevator comes to rest a
short time later. Give the signs for the velocity and the acceleration of the elevator after the button has been pressed
but before the elevator has stopped.
Enter the correct sign for the elevator's velocity and the correct sign for the elevator's
acceleration, separated by a comma. For example, if you think that the velocity is positive and
the acceleration is negative, then you would enter +,- . If you think that both are zero, then you
would enter 0,0 .
ANSWER: -,+
Correct
Part B
A child throws a baseball directly upward. What are the signs of the velocity and acceleration of the ball immediately
after the ball leaves the child's hand?
Enter the correct sign for the baseball's velocity and the correct sign for the baseball's
acceleration, separated by a comma. For example, if you think that the velocity is positive and
the acceleration is negative, then you would enter +,- . If you think that both are zero, then you
would enter 0,0 .
ANSWER: +,-
Correct
Part C
A child throws a baseball directly upward. What are the signs of the velocity and acceleration of the ball at the very top of
the ball's motion (i.e., the point of maximum height)?
Enter the correct sign for the baseball's velocity and the correct sign for the baseball's
acceleration, separated by a comma. For example, if you think that the velocity is positive and
the acceleration is negative, then you would enter +,- . If you think that both are zero, then you
would enter 0,0 .
ANSWER: 0,-
Correct
A stone is thrown upward from the edge of a cliff, reaches its maximum height, and then falls down into the valley below.
A motion diagram for this situation is given, beginning the instant the stone leaves the thrower’s hand. Construct
the corresponding motion graphs taking the acceleration due to gravity as 10 . Ignore air
resistance. In all three motion graphs, the unit of time is in seconds and the unit of displacement is
in meters. In plotting the points, round-off the coordinate values to the nearest integer.
Part A
Construct a graph corresponding to the stone's vertical displacement, .
ANSWER:
positive
negative
zero
Correct
ANSWER:
positive
negative
zero
Correct
ANSWER:
View
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Part B
Construct a graph corresponding to the stone's vertical velocity, .
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Part C
Construct a graph corresponding to the stone's vertical acceleration, .
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Motion of a Shadow
A small source of light is located at a distance from a vertical wall. An opaque object with a
height of moves toward the wall with constant velocity of magnitude . At time , the
object is located at the source .
Part A
Find an expression for , the magnitude of the velocity of the top of the object's shadow, at time .
Express the speed of the top of the object's shadow in terms of , , , and .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part A
How long after Car B started the race will Car B catch up with Car A?
Hint A.2 What is the relation between the positions of the two cars?
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
How far from Car B's starting line will the cars be when Car B passes Car A?
Express your answer in terms of known quantities. (You may use as well.)
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Learning Goal: To understand the relationships between position, velocity, and acceleration.
For this tutorial, use the PhET simulation The Moving Man. This simulation allows you to drag a person back and forth
and look at the resulting position, velocity, and acceleration. You can also enter a position as a function of
time mathematically and look at the resulting motion.
Start the simulation. When you click the simulation link, you may be asked whether to run, open, or save the
file. Choose to run or open it.
You can click and drag the person left and right, or enter a numeric value in the boxes on the left panel to see plots for
the person’s position, velocity, and acceleration as a function of time. Click Stop to stop the simulation. You can also
watch a playback or click Clear on any of the graphs to start over. The grey bar can be dragged over the plot to any
value in time, and the digital readouts will show the corresponding values of the position, velocity, and acceleration.
The buttons on the right of each plot allow you to zoom in or out to resize the plots.
Under the Special Features menu, the Expression Evaluator option produces a second window in which you
can mathematically type in any function for the position as a function of time, . After typing in a function, click Go!
to start the simulation.
To zoom in horizontally or vertically, click any of the three + buttons under the horizontal or vertical arrows.
Feel free to play around with the simulation. When you are done, click Clear on the main window before beginning Part A.
Part A
First, you will focus on the relationship between velocity and position. Recall that velocity is the rate of change of
position ( ). This means that the velocity is equal to the slope of the Position vs. Time graph.
Move the person to the position or enter –6.00 in the position box, and then click Clear (you do not need to
click Stop first). Next, drag the person to the right to roughly and reverse his direction, returning him to the
original position, at . Move the person relatively quickly, about a few seconds for the round trip. Your plots
should look something like those in shown below.
Look at the Position vs. Time and Velocity vs. Time plots. What is the person's velocity when his position is at its
maximum value (around 6 )?
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1434818 (21 of 55) [12/13/2010 6:58:45 PM]
MasteringPhysics: Assignment Print View
ANSWER:
zero.
negative.
The person's velocity is
positive.
Correct
When the person’s position is a maximum, the slope of the position with respect to time is zero, so .
However, due to the person’s acceleration, the velocity does not remain zero; he eventually moves to the left.
Part B
Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity, , so it is the slope of the Velocity vs. Time graph.
Because it is difficult to drag the person in a consistent and reproducible way, use the Expression Evaluator under
the Special Features menu for this question.
Click Clear and type in the function in the Expression Evaluator. Press Go! and let
the simulation run roughly 5 simulation seconds before pressing Stop. Use the zoom buttons to adjust the plots so they fit
in the screen. You should see a plot similar to what you got in the previous question, but much smoother.
Look at the Position vs. Time, Velocity vs. Time, and Acceleration vs. Time plots.
ANSWER:
both the velocity and the acceleration are nonzero.
the velocity is zero but the acceleration is positive.
When the person is 8 to the right of the origin, the velocity is zero but the acceleration is negative.
both the velocity and the acceleration are zero.
Correct
At , the person turns to go back in the opposite direction. His velocity is zero, but his acceleration is negative
since the velocity is decreasing with time. This is similar to throwing a ball straight up into the air; at its highest point,
the velocity is zero but the acceleration is still directed downward.
Part C
Keep the function in the Expression Evaluator. What is the value of the person’s acceleration
at ?
ANSWER:
Correct
This is an example of one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration. The position of an object undergoing this type
of motion obeys the kinematic equation . In this case, the initial velocity is and
the acceleration is (since ).
Part D
In the previous question, the person had an initial velocity of and a constant acceleration of . How would
the maximum distance he travels to the right of the origin change if instead his initial velocity were doubled ( )?
ANSWER:
The maximum distance would double.
The maximum distance would increase by a factor of four.
The maximum distance would not change.
Correct
Because it takes twice as much time to momentarily stop, and because his average velocity will be twice as fast,
the distance he travels will be four times greater. Using the kinematic
equation, .
Part E
Correct
Part F
What is the position of the person when ?
ANSWER: 4
Correct
Notice that since the position is given by , when the time is , the position is
Part G
What is the velocity of the person when ?
Express your answer numerically in meters per second to two significant figures.
ANSWER: 12
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Notice that since the position is given by , the velocity, which is the first derivative of position with respect to
Part H
What is the acceleration of the person when ?
Express your answer numerically in meters per second squared to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
24
Correct
Notice that since the position is given by , the acceleration, which is the first derivative of velocity with respect
To demonstrate the tremendous acceleration of a top fuel drag racer, you attempt to run your car
into the back of a dragster that is "burning out" at the red light before the start of a race. (Burning
out means spinning the tires at high speed to heat the tread and make the rubber sticky.)
You drive at a constant speed of toward the stopped dragster, not slowing down in the face of
the imminent collision. The dragster driver sees you coming but waits until the last instant to put
down the hammer, accelerating from the starting line at constant acceleration, . Let the time at
which the dragster starts to accelerate be .
Part A
What is , the longest time after the dragster begins to accelerate that you can possibly run into the back of the
dragster if you continue at your initial velocity?
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
Assuming that the dragster has started at the last instant possible (so your front bumper almost hits the rear of the
dragster at ), find your distance from the dragster when he started. If you calculate positions on the way to
this solution, choose coordinates so that the position of the drag car is 0 at . Remember that you are solving for
a distance (which is a magnitude, and can never be negative), not a position (which can be negative).
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
Find numerical values for and in seconds and meters for the
(reasonable) values (26.8 m/s) and .
Separate your two numerical answers by commas, and give your answer to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
, = 0.54,7.2 s, m
Correct
The blue curve shows how the car, initially at , continues at constant velocity (blue) and just barely touches
the accelerating drag car (red) at .
Part A
How much time does it take for the car to come to a full stop?
Express your answer in terms of and
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
How much time does it take for the car to accelerate from the full stop to its original cruising speed?
Express your answer in terms of and .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
The train does not stop at the stoplight. How far behind the train is the car when the car reaches its original speed again?
Express the separation distance in terms of and . Your answer should be positive.
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part A
Rank car #1’s speed relative to the ground at the lettered times (A through E).
Correct
ANSWER:
View
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Part B
Rank car #1’s speed relative to car #2 at the lettered times.
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Part C
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Part A
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part B
Find Rick's average speed for covering the distance .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part D
Who covers the distance more quickly?
Think logically, but without using the detailed answers in the previous parts.
ANSWER:
Rick
Tim
Neither. They cover the distance in the same amount of time.
Correct
Part E
In terms of given quantities, by what amount of time, , does Tim beat Rick?
It will help you check your answer if you simplify it algebraically and check the special case .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part F
ANSWER:
0
Correct
Speed of a Bullet
A bullet is shot through two cardboard disks attached a distance apart to a shaft turning with a rotational period ,
as shown.
Part A
Derive a formula for the bullet speed in terms of , , and a measured angle between the position of the hole in
the first disk and that of the hole in the second. If required, use , not its numeric equivalent. Both of the holes lie at
the same radial distance from the shaft. measures the angular displacement between the two holes; for instance,
means that the holes are in a line and means that when one hole is up, the other is down. Assume that
the bullet must travel through the set of disks within a single revolution.
Hint A.2 How long does it take for the disks to rotate by an angle ?
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part A
Find the maximum velocity of the car during the ten-second interval depicted in the graph.
ANSWER:
= 55
Correct
Part B
During which time interval is the acceleration positive?
ANSWER: to
to
to
to
to
Correct
Part C
Hint C.2 Find the final velocity on the interval with greatest acceleration
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in meters per second per second to the nearest integer.
ANSWER:
= 30
Correct
Part D
Find the minimum magnitude of the acceleration of the car.
Express your answer in meters per second per second to the nearest integer.
ANSWER:
=0
Correct
Part E
Find the distance traveled by the car between and .
ANSWER:
= 55
Correct
Part A
During which trial or trials is the object's velocity not constant?
ANSWER: Trial A
✔ Trial B
Trial C
Trial D
Correct
The graph of the motion during Trial B has a changing slope and therefore is not constant. The other trials all have
graphs with constant slope and thus correspond to motion with constant velocity.
Part B
During which trial or trials does the object have the greatest average velocity?
ANSWER:
Trial A
✔ Trial B
Trial C
Trial D
Correct
You recognized that although the magnitudes of the average velocity in Trial B and Trial D are equal, their directions
are opposite. This makes the average velocity in Trial D less than the average velocity in Trial B. The object does not
move during Trial C, so it has an average velocity of zero. During Trial A the object has a positive average velocity but
its magnitude is less than that in Trial B.
A Flea in Flight
In this problem, you will apply kinematic equations to a jumping flea. Take the magnitude of free-fall acceleration to
be 9.80 . Ignore air resistance.
Part A
A flea jumps straight up to a maximum height of 0.540 . What is its initial velocity as it leaves the ground?
ANSWER:
= 3.25
Correct
Part B
How long is the flea in the air from the time it jumps to the time it hits the ground?
Hint B.2 Find the time from the ground to the flea's maximum height
Hint not displayed
Hint B.3 Find the time from the flea's maximum height to the ground
Hint not displayed
ANSWER: 0.664
time in air = Correct
Notice that the time for the flea to rise to its maximum height is equal to the time it takes for it to fall from that height back
to the ground. This is a general feature of projectile motion (any motion with ) when air resistance is neglected
and the landing point is at the same height as the launch point.
There is also a way to find the total time in the air in one step: just use
and realize that you are looking for the value of for which .
A motorcycle is following a car that is traveling at constant speed on a straight highway. Initially, the car and the
motorcycle are both traveling at the same speed of 43.0 , and the distance between them is 58.0 . After = 3.00
, the motorcycle starts to accelerate at a rate of 5.00 . The motorcycle catches up with the car at some time .
Part A
Which of the graphs correctly displays the positions of the motorcycle and car as functions of time?
ANSWER: a
b
c
d
e
Correct
Part B
How long does it take from the moment when the motorcycle starts to accelerate until it catches up with the car? In
other words, find .
Hint B.2 Find the initial conditions for the position of the car
Hint not displayed
Hint B.3 Find the initial conditions for the position of the motorcycle
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= 4.82 s
Correct
Part C
How far does the motorcycle travel from the moment it starts to accelerate (at time ) until it catches up with the car (at
time )?
Hint C.1 Find the initial conditions for the position of the motorcycle
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= 150 m
Correct
Rocket Height
A rocket, initially at rest on the ground, accelerates straight upward from rest with constant acceleration 58.8 .
The acceleration period lasts for time 10.0 until the fuel is exhausted. After that, the rocket is in free fall.
Part A
Find the maximum height reached by the rocket. Ignore air resistance and assume a constant acceleration due
to gravity equal to 9.8 .
Hint A.2 Find the height reached during the fueled part of the motion
Hint not displayed
Hint A.3 Find the initial velocity, the final velocity, and the acceleration for the "free-fall" part of the motion
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= 2.06×104
Correct
Part A
The wind is blowing southward at 75.0 . In what frame of reference is this speed measured?
Correct
The speed of the air is measured relative to a person standing on the ground, that is, it is measured in the frame of
reference of the earth's surface. We will label this frame "G". Therefore, the wind speed is .
In addition, you are told that the speed of the plane is measured relative to the air, so .
Part B
An airplane pilot wishes to fly directly westward. According to the weather bureau, a wind of 75.0 is
blowing southward. The speed of the plane relative to the air (called the air speed) as measured by instruments aboard
the plane is 310 . In which direction should the pilot head?
Hint B.1 Determine the equation for the velocity of the plane relative to the ground
Hint not displayed
Express your answer in degrees to three significant figures. Take angles measured clockwise from
the west to be positive.
ANSWER: 14.0
Direction = All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Part C
In this particular problem, you can compare the speed of the plane relative to the ground (the ground speed) to
known quantities to evaluate the reasonableness of your answer. Find the ground speed of the plane, .
ANSWER:
= 301
Correct
The SR-71 Blackbird, one of the fastest and highest flying airplanes currently in operation, can reach speeds of
2400 , and average commercial airliners, such as the Boeing 747, require speeds of about 290 to
take off. Does the speed you calculated make sense when compared to these numbers?
A Wild Ride
A car in a roller coaster moves along a track that consists of a sequence of ups and downs. Let the x axis be parallel to
the ground and the positive y axis point upward. In the time interval from to s, the trajectory of the car along
a certain section of the track is given by
,
where is a positive dimensionless constant.
Part A
At is the roller coaster car ascending or descending?
Hint A.2 Find the vertical component of the velocity of the car
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
ascending
descending
Correct
Part B
Derive a general expression for the speed of the car.
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
The roller coaster is designed according to safety regulations that prohibit the speed of the car from exceeding .
Find the maximum value of allowed by these regulations.
ANSWER:
= 1.7
Correct
Part A
Correct
The quantity is defined to be the angular velocity of the particle. Note that must have units of radians per second. If
is constant, the particle is said to undergo uniform circular motion.
Part B
When does the particle first cross the negative x axis?
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part C
Find the particle's velocity as a function of time.
Express your answer using unit vectors (e.g., + , where and are functions of , , , and ).
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part D
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1434818 (48 of 55) [12/13/2010 6:58:45 PM]
MasteringPhysics: Assignment Print View
ANSWER:
Correct
Part E
Now find the acceleration of the particle.
Express your answer using unit vectors (e.g., + , where and are functions of , , , and ).
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part F
Your calculation is actually a derivation of the centripetal acceleration. To see this, express the acceleration of the particle
in terms of its position .
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part G
ANSWER:
=
Correct
Part H
Finally, express the magnitude of the particle's acceleration in terms of and using the expression you obtained for
the speed of the particle.
ANSWER:
=
All attempts used; correct answer
displayed
Part A
Draw the vector , representing your velocity relative to still water.
Draw the vector starting at the rowboat. The location, orientation and length of the vector will
be graded. The vector's length is displayed in meters per second.
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Part B
Now assume that the stream flows east at 4.0 . Draw the vectors , representing the velocity of the stream, and
, representing the velocity of your rowboat relative to the stream bank. Be sure to draw both vectors.
Draw and starting at the tail and tip of respectively. The location, orientation and length
of the vectors will be graded. Each vector's length is displayed in meters per second.
ANSWER:
View
Correct
Part C
Based on the vector diagram in Part B, determine how far downstream of your starting point you will finally reach
the opposite shore if the stream is 6.0 meters wide.
ANSWER:
=8
Correct
A Canoe on a River
A canoe has a velocity of 0.370 southeast relative to the earth. The canoe is on a river that is flowing at 0.600
east relative to the earth.
Part A
Find the magnitude of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river.
Hint A.3 Find the components of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river
Hint not displayed
ANSWER:
= 0.428
Correct
Part B
Find the direction of the velocity of the canoe relative to the river.
ANSWER:
Correct
http://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=1434818 (53 of 55) [12/13/2010 6:58:45 PM]
MasteringPhysics: Assignment Print View
ANSWER: 37.7
All attempts used; correct answer degrees south of west
displayed
Part A
What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moment 5?
Enter the letter of the arrow with this direction from the compass rose in the figure. Type Z if
the acceleration vector has zero length.
ANSWER: A
Correct
Part B
What is the direction of the acceleration of the object at moments 0 and 10?
Enter the letters corresponding to the arrows with these directions from the compass rose in the
figure, separated by commas. Type Z if the acceleration vector has zero length.
ANSWER: D,F
directions at time step 0, time step 10 = Correct