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Overview
• Introduction
• Chinese Remainder Theorem
• CRT for Integers
• CRT for Polynomials
• Winograd Algorithm
• Example
• Modified Winograd Algorithm
• Advantages
• Applications
• References
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Introduction
• Fast Convolution: implementation of convolution algorithm
using fewer multiplication
• Algorithmic Strength Reduction: Number of strong
operations is reduced at the expense of an increase in the
number of weak operations.
• Example: Reducing the multiplication complexity in complex
number multiplication:
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Chinese Remainder Theorem(CRT)
• Winograd algorithm -Based on the CRT .
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CRT for Integers
• Given ci= [c]
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CRT for Polynomials
Given
Then
where
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Winograd Algorithm
• Consider the computation s(p) =h(p) x(p) mod m(p)
• Choose a polynomial m(p) with degree higher than the degree of h(p) x(p) and
factor it into k+1 relatively prime polynomials ie m(p)= m(0)(p) m(1)(p)........... m(k)(p)
• Let M(i)(p)= m(p)/m(i)(p).Use the Euclidean GCD algorithm to solve for N (i)(p)
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Winograd Algorithm
• Compute s(i)(p) = h(i)(p) x(i)(p)mod m(i)(p)
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Example
• Consider a 2X3 linear convolution.Construct an efficient
realization using Winograd algorithm m(p)= p(p-1)(p2-1)
h(p)= h0+h1p ,x(p)= x0+x1p+x2p2
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Example
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Example
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Example
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Modified Winograd Algorithm
• Choose a polynomial m(p) with degree higher than the degree of h(p) x(p)
and factor it into k+1 relatively prime polynomials with real coefficients.ie
m(p)= m(0)(p) m(1)(p)........... m(k)(p)
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Modified Winograd Algorithm
additions
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Advantages
• Fast Convolution with less number of
multiplication.
• Less complexity.
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Application
• Fast matrix multiplication.
• Cryptography.
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Conclusion
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References
• Keshab K. Parhi,VLSI Digital Signal Processing
Systems,2nd ed.,Chap 8,pp 237-244,Wiley India
pvt.ltd,2008
• BRENT, Error analysis of algorithms for matrix
multiplication and triangular decomposition using
Winograd’s identity, 16,pp 145–156, Numerische
Mathematik
• Demmel, J., Dongarra, J., Eijkhout, E., Fuentes, E.,
Petitet, E., Vuduc, V., Whaley, R., And Yelick, K.
2005. Self-Adapting linear algebra algorithms and
software. Proceedings of the IEEE, special issue on
”Program Generation, Optimization, and Adaptation”
93, 2.
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References
• C. K. Koc and B. Sunar, Low-complexity bit-parallel
canonical and normal basis multipliers for a class of
finite fields. IEEE Transactions on Computers,
47(3):353–356, March 1998.
• S. Winograd. Some bilinear forms whose
multiplicative complexity depends on the field of
constants. Mathematical Systems Theory, 10:pp169–
180, 1977
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