BASIC DESIGN CONCEPTS

FOR
URBAN STORM WATER
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

S D Chawathe
Hon. Director (Technical)
Indian Water Works Association
 COEFFICIENT OF RUN OFF
• As Per CPHEEO Manual
Commercial Area 0.7 to 0.9
Residential Area
High density 0.6 to 0.75
Low density 0.35 to 0.6
Parks and Undeveloped 0.1 to 0.2
MUMBAI ( S. D. CHAWATHE ET AL)
 AHMEDABAD (S. D. CHAWATHE)

1 TO 1.75 YRS 3660 FREQ ** 0.6338

i= ------------------------------------
( DUR + 42.32) ** 1.3054
2 TO 2.75 YRS
1524.3 FREQ ** 0.3203
i= --------------------------------------
( DUR + 29.69 ) ** 0.9531
3 TO 3.75 YRS
1005.6 FREQ ** 0.2514
i = --------------------------------------
( DUR + 18.67 ) ** 0.8374
i IN M M/ HR, DUR IN MIN , FREQ IN MONTHS.
 PUNE (S.D.CHAWATHE)
1 TO 1.75 YRS 5425 FREQ ** 0.4837
i = --------------------------------- i IN M M/HR
( DUR + 33.44)** 1.4019
2 TO 2.75 YRS
107840 FREQ ** 0.564
i = ------------------------------------ DUR IN MIN.
( DUR + 69.08) ** 2.0029
3 TO 3.75 YRS
135140 FREQ ** 0.6036
i = ------------------------------------- FREQ IN MONTHS
( DUR + 79.96 ) ** 2.0695
4 TO 5 YRS
1761900 FREQ ** 0.6709
i= ----------------------------------------
( DUR + 115.58) ** 2.55
 KOLKATA (PROF. V. RAMAN ET AL)
T = 1 TO 3 MONTHS 6200 T ** 0.358
i= ------------------------------
( t +45 ) ** 1.75

T = 1 TO 2 YRS 953 T ** 0.157

i= --------------------------
( t + 45 ) ** 1.34

T = 5 TO 20 YRS 290 T ** 0.119

i= -----------------------------

( t + 45 ) ** 1.05

T = 1 MONTH TO 20 YRS 810 T ** 0.126

i= -------------------------------
( t + 45 ) ** 1.31
 NEW DELHI (TOSHNIWAL C. T.)

T= 1 YR 2.291 X 10 ** 6
i= ----------------------------------
( t + 188.85 ) ** 6.848
ALSO
T = 1 YR i= 0.0004174(t -99.28) ** 2
T = 2 YR i= 0.0001177( t -181.9) ** 2
T = 3 YR i= 0.0003165(t – 129.18) ** 2
T = 4 YR i= 0.0004692( t – 119.94)** 2
T = 5 YR i= 0.0002755 ( t – 149 ) ** 2
AMRAVATI (DR. TATEWAR ET AL)
BANGALORE ( P. KHAGESHAN)
 RAINFALL RELATIONSHIPS AS PER CPHEEO
MANUAL

a a
i = ------------ OR i = ---------------
t + b t ** n
Where i is the intensity of rainfall mm/hr,
t is the duration of storm in minutes,
And a, b, and n are constants.
 CPHEEO MANUAL
Type of Area Frequency

Residential
Peripheral Twice in a year
Central (high value) Once in a year
Commercial Once in 2 years
 ASCE MANUALNo 37
Type of Area Frequency
Residential Once in 2 to 15 years

Commercial Once in 10 to 15
(High value) Years
 BRIMSTOWAD SAYS

To design the drainage system for 1 in 1 year storm a considerable

increase in capacity is required and this results in drains of
substantially larger dimensions and a large increase in the number
of drains to be replaced or augmented……………There is 37 %
increase in expenditure for catchment 129.

This clearly indicates that designing for the increased level of service
is no where justified.
 BRIMSTOWAD SAYS

AS DISCUSSED THE COST OF DESIGNING FOR STORMS OF

GREATER INTENSITY THAN A 2 IN 1 YEAR EVENT IS NOT
JUSTIFIED.

IT IS THEREFORE PROPOSED TO CONSTRUCT WORKS TO A

DASIGN CAPACITY TO ONLY COPE UP WITH A 2 IN 1 YEAR
EVENT.
BRIMSTOWAD DESIGNS FOR TWICE IN A
YEAR STORM

BRIMSTOWAD JUSTIFIES TWICE IN A YEAR FREQUENCY FOR

STORMS IN DESIGN.

26/7 EXPERIENCE HAS TAUGHT US TO REVIEW THIS ASPECT

AND ADOPT FREQUENCIES SUCH AS SAY ONCE IN TEN
YEARS FOR DESIGN.
 DR. CHITALE REPORT SAYS
• IT WILL BE ADEQUATE IF MUMBAI’S STORM WATER
SYSTEMS ARE BASICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE
FOLLOWING HOURLY INTENSITIES OF
PRECIPTATION
• SMALL CATCHMENTS : 50mm/hr, 2 IN ONE YEAR
FREQUENCY VIDE BRIMSTOWAD

RIVER CHANNEL AREAS : 70 mm/hr , 1 IN 10 YEAR

FREQUENCY
 BRIMSTAWAD SAYS

CRITERIA FOR LOCAL AREA DRAINAGE SYSTEM

This Report , providing proposals to Master Plan and Preliminary

Engineering , does not cover the detailed investigation and
proposals for local drainage systems.

The proposals contained in subsequent sections are the result of

analysis of the major network and give in outline the requirements to
alleviate the major causes of flooding.

As with any analysis on this scale , not all branches were considered.
BRIMSTOWAD DOES NOT COVER LOCAL
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
THE STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO SUB-
SYSTEMS. LOCAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM COVERING SMALL /MEDIUM/LARGE
ROADS AND SMALL NALLAS FORM THE UP-STREAM SUB SYSTEM AND
MEDIUM / LARGE NALLAS/RIVERS FORM THE DOWNS-TREAM SUB-SYSTEM.

MOST OF THE AREA OF MUMBAI FORMS THE CATCHMENT AREA FOR THE
LOCAL DRAINAGE SUB SYSTEM. SINCE THE UP-STREAM SUB-SYSTEM
INITIALLY COLLECTS STORM WATER RUN-OFF AND SUBSEQUENTLY PASSES
THE SAME TO THE DOWN-STREAM SUB-SYSTEM, IT IS NECESSARY TO
DESIGN IT PROPERLY AND IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS FOR THE
SAME.

BRIMSTOWAD DOES NOT COVER THESE PROPOSALS.

 RECOMMENDATIONS
• DESIGN / PROPOSALS SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR
INTENSITIES OF STORMS FOR A FREQUENCY OF
OCCURRENCE OF SAY ONCE IN TEN YEARS.
• DESIGN/PROPOSALS SHOULD BE ADDED FOR
LOCAL STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
(SMALL/MEDIUM/LARGE ROADS , SMALL NALLAS
WITH CONCENTRATION TIME 10 MIN. TO 60 MIN.)
• USE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION-
FREQURENCY RELATIONSHIPS DEVLOPED BY
CHAWATHE ET AL FOR DESIGNING LOCAL STORM
WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM
SUGGESTED DESIGN NORMS
THANK YOU