What is external static pressure of a fan?

Answer:
It is the pressure that the fan has to overcome due to ducts and fitting losses to give the
required space ventilation and cooling requirements at least equal to the designed flow. It
is a fucntion of the length, equivalent diameter, velocity, frictional losses (Tables) and
density of the media flowing commonly air. A manometer of liquid filled gage
(DWYER) is used to measure it. Fan manufacturers also rate the fans static pressure
minimum requirements that the fan will operate normally.ESP is the static pressure
created downstream of the air handling unit that the fan must overcome- this includes
duct friction losses, room static pressures, etc. This could included a negative static
pressure on the pull side of the fan and a positive pressure on the push side, or any
combination of pressures the fan must overcome. ESP is different from total static
pressure in that TSP adds the pressure losses of all internal units such as filter banks,
heating coils and dampers to the ESP value to give you the total pressure the fan/s must
overcome.
What is static pressure?
Answer:
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The static head the distance to the point of application or the height the pump has to
overcome for liquids. For air likewise is almost the same except that it is ducted, refer to
Moody chart.The pressure exerted by a still liquid or gas, especially water or air.

Difference between static pressure and dynamic pressure?

Answer:
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The main difference of static pressure and dynamic pressure is:-

static pressure is exerted by fluid at rest but dynamic pressure is pressure exerted by fluid
in motion.

What exactly meaning of a fan coil unit's static pressure?

Fan coil units don't have inherent static pressures, but it has to overcome the static
pressures when it will be ducted to a system. Static pressure and pressure losses however
can be determined accordingly in ducts. The designer sizes up the ducts to overcomes this
losses and give the fan's output to the point of application sizing the duct to overcome
frictional losses as much as it could to meet the space requirements cooling load. This
value is the amount of resistance the fan will be able to overcome within the system it is
ducted to and still be able to provide the designed air flow. For example if your fan coil
unit is ducted on the supply side and the total frictional resistance of the ductwork and
diffuser is below that of the fan coil units static pressure you won't have a problem. If on
the other hand, the frictional resistance is greater, you won't see the design air flow at the
diffuser. In general you can calculate a system's resistance with the following rules of
thumb: 0.1"/100ft of duct, 0.1" per elbow, 0.1" at the diffuser. The fan will probably rated
between 0.3" & 0.7" of water gauge.