Useful Formulae – PY 211 Midterm 2

Gravitational Acceleration at the Earth’s Surface:

One Dimensional Motion:
Average Velocity: Average Acceleration:

Instantaneous Velocity:

Instantaneous Acceleration:

Motion under constant acceleration in one dimension:

Free Fall:

Two Dimensional Motion:

Motion under constant acceleration in two dimensions:

Projectile Motion:

Range: Maximum Height:

Uniform Circular Motion:

Centripetal Acceleration: Period: Frequency:
Newton’s Laws:
1st Law:

2nd Law: Circular Motion:

3rd Law:

Forces: Gravity: F= -mg

Friction: Static: Kinetic:

Resistive: Slow: Fast:

1
Work done constant force: W = F Δr cos θ

Work done by varying force (1D): General Work Done:

Spring Force: Fs = - kx
Kinetic Energy: K = ½ mv2 Work Energy Theorem:

Power: Units: 1 W = 1 J/s = 1 kg·m2/s3

Potential Energy (1D):

Total Mechanical Energy: Emech ≡ K + U
Linear Momentum: p ≡ mv Newton’s 2nd Law:

Impulse-Momentum Theorem:

Center of Mass: (discrete masses) (continuous)

Conservation of Linear Momentum: p1i + p2i = p1f + p2f

Motion of System:
Angular Speed: Angular Acceleration:
Kinematics of Constant Angular Acceleration:
: :

Rigid Object Rotating about Fixed Axis: s = rθ v = rω at = rα

Moment of Inertia of a System of Particles:

Moment of Inertia of Rigid Body:

Rotational Kinetic Energy: Total Kinetic Energy:

Torque: Newton’s 2nd Law:

Angular Momentum: L ≡ r × p
z component of angular momentum-rigid object rotating about fixed z axis: Lz = Iω

Newton’s Universal Gravitation: G = 6.673 x 10-11 Nm2 / kg2

Kepler’s Laws: 1st: Elliptical Orbits 2nd: 3rd:

2
Gravitational Field:

Gravitational Potential Energy of Earth:

Total Energy of Satellite: Bound Circular:

Bound Elliptical:
Ellipse: Eccentricity: e = c/a

Area of Right Triangle: A = ½ x base x height

Useful Constants:
Mass of the Earth: 5.98 x 1024 kg Mean Earth Radius: 6.37 x 106 m

Gravitational Constant: G = 6.67 x 10-11 N.m2/kg2

Gas Constant: R = 8.321 J/mol.K

Boltzman Constant: kB = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K Avogadro’s number: NA = 6.022 x 1023 particles/mole

Density of Water at 0°
C: 1000 kg/m3

Latent Heat of Fusion of Water: 3.33 x 105 J/kg Latent Heat of Vaporization: 2.26 x 106 J/kg


Moments of Inertia of Homogeneous Rigid Objects:

Thin Hoop: Solid Cylinder: Hollow Cylinder:

Solid Sphere: Thin Spherical Shell:
Thin Rod Center Rotation: Thin Rod End Rotation:
Rectangular Plate: Parallel Axis Theorem: