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First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health to do
Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that
are related to this project work and their advise, which is the most needed for this project.
Internet, books, computers and all that. They also supported me and encouraged me to
Then I would like to thank my teacher, Encik Mohamed bin Masri for guiding me
and my friends throughout this project. We had some difficulties in doing this task, but he taught
us patiently until we knew what to do. He tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we
Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas.
They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task done.
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OBJECTIVE
The aims of carrying out this project work are:
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Part One
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INTRODUCTION
Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are among favourite
desserts served during special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya,
weddings and others. Cakes are treasured not only because of their
wonderful taste but also in the art of cake baking and cake decorating
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MATHEMATICS IN CAKE BAKING AND CAKE
DECORATING
GEOMETRY
To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing and
decorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to
estimate volume of cake to be produced
When making a batch of cake batter, you end up with a certain volume,
determined by the recipe.
The baker must then choose the appropriate size and shape of pan to
achieve the desired result. If the pan is too big, the cake becomes too short.
If the pan is too small, the cake becomes too tall. This leads into the next
situation.
The ratio of the surface area to the volume determines how much crust a
baked good will have. The more surface area there is, compared to the
volume, the faster the item will bake, and the less "inside" there will be. For
a very large, thick item, it will take a long time for the heat to penetrate to
the center. To avoid having a rock-hard outside in this case, the baker will
have to lower the temperature a little bit and bake for a longer time.
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We mix ingredients in round bowls because cubes would have corners where
unmixed ingredients would accumulate, and we would have a hard time
scraping them into the batter.
CALCULUS (DIFFERENTIATION)
To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking,
to estimate min. or max. amount of cream needed for decorating, to
estimate min. or max. Size of cake produced.
PROGRESSION
To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proportional
dimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to
estimate total amount of cream for decoration.
For example when we make a cake with many layers, we must fix the
difference of diameter of the two layers. So we can say that it used
arithmetic progression. When the diameter of the first layer of the cake is 8”
and the diameter of second layer of the cake is 6”, then the diameter of the
third layer should be 4”.
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upper layer. When we cut the cake, we can use fraction to devide the cake
according to the total people that will eat the cake.
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Part Two
Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake as shown in
Diagram 1 for the Teachers’ Day celebration.
Diagram 1
1) If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 38000cm3, and the height of the cake is to be 7.0 cm,
the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cake ordered by your school 3800 is
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Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake
3800 x 5 = (3.142)(d2)² x 7
190007(3.142) = (d2)²
863.872 = (d2)²
d2 = 29.392
d = 58.784 cm
2) The inner dimensions of oven: 80cm length, 60cm width, 45cm height
a)The formula that formed for d in terms of h by using the formula for
volume of cake,
V = 19000 is:
19000 = (3.142)(d2)²h
19000(3.142)h = d²4
24188.415h = d²
d= 155.53h
Height,h Diameter,d
1.0 155.53
2.0 109.98
3.0 89.79
4.0 77.76
5.0 69.55
6.0 63.49
7.0 58.78
8.0 54.99
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b) ii) The most suitable dimensions (h and d) for the cake is h = 8cm, d =
54.99cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy
handling.
19000 = (3.142)(d2)²h
19000(3.142)h = d²4
24188.415h = d²
d = 155.53h
d = 155.53h-12
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Table 2
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Graph of log d against log h
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ii) Based on the graph:
a) d when h = 10.5cm
h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680, d = 47.86cm
b) h when d = 42cm
d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140, h = 13.80cm
3) The cake with fresh cream, with uniform thickness 1cm is decorated
a) The amount of fresh cream needed to decorate the cake, using the
dimensions I've suggested in 2(b)(ii)
The bottom surface area of cake is not counted, because we're decorating
the visible part of the cake only (top and sides). Obviously, we don't decorate
the bottom part of the cake
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b) Three other shapes (the shape of the base of the cake) for the cake with
same height which is depends on the 2(b)(ii) and volume 19000cm³.
The volume of top surface is always the same for all shapes (since height is
same),
My answer (with h = 8cm, and volume of cream on top surface = 19008
= 2375 cm³):
height
width
length
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2 – Triangle-shaped base
width
slant
height
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3 – Pentagon-shaped base
width
c) Based on the values above, the shape that require the least amount of
fresh cream to be used is:
Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm³ of cream to
be used.
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Part Three
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When there's “minimum” or “maximum”, well, there's differentiation and
quadratic functions. The minimum height, h and its corresponding minimum
diameter, d is calculated by using the differentiation and function.
Method 1: Differentiation
Two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in 2(a)),
and the formula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake
(as in 3(a)).
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Method 2: Quadratic Functions
Two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of
cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function.
I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its
dimensions are not suitable (the height is too high) and therefore
less attractive. Furthermore, such cakes are difficult to handle
easily.
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Further
Exploration
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Diagram 2
Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day
celebration, as shown in Diagram 2.
The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0
cm. The radius of the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first
cake, the radius of the third cake is 10% less than the radius of the second
cake and so on.
Given:
height, h of each cake = 6cm
radius of largest cake = 31cm
radius of 2nd cake = 10% smaller than 1st cake
radius of 3rd cake = 10% smaller than 2nd cake
V = (3.142)r²h,
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Radius of 4th cake = 22.599, volume of 4th cake = (3.142)
(22.599)²(6) 9627.995
a)The total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg ( total mass
< 15 kg, change to volume: total volume < 57000 cm³), so the maximum
number of cakes that needs to be baked is
Sn =(a(1 - rn)) (1 - r)
1 – 0.81n = 0.59779
0.40221 = 0.81n
og0.81 0.40221 = n
n = 4.322
therefore, n ≈ 4
When n = 4:
S4 = (18116.772(1 – (0.81)4)) / (1 – 0.81) = 54305.767 < 57000 (Sn < 57000,
n = 4 is suitable)
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Reflection
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TEAM WORK IS IMPORTANT BE HELPFUL
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BE PATIENT ALWAYS CONFIDENT
Conclusion
Geometry is the study of angles and triangles, perimeter, area and
volume. It differs from algebra in that one develops a logical structure
where mathematical relationships are proved and applied.
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Reference
Wikipedia
www.one-school net
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