QUESTION BANK SUB. NAME: EC2037 /MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION&COMMN UNIT 1 MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS PART A 1.

What are the special features of multimedia? 2.What is mean by graphics representation? 3. What is mean by data representation? 4.What is mean by compression? 5.What are the two types of compression? 6.Name the two types of compression? 7.What is the need for compression? 8.What are the storage requirements of for multimedia? 9.What is mean by source coding? 10.Write a few words about source models? 11.What is mean by scalar quantization? 12. What is mean by vector quantization? 13.What is the difference between vector and scalar quantization? 14.Write the advantages of vector quantization over scalar quantization? 15.Define lossy compression? 16.Define lossless compression? 17.What are the types of source models? 18.Define uniform quantization?

19.What is mean by trellis-coded quantization? 20.What are evaluation techmiques used in compression? 21.What is mean by markov models? 22.Define the kraft-mcmillan inequality theorem? 23.What is the difference between the uniform&nonuniform quantization? 24.Write the taxonomy of compression techniques? 25.Write the advantages of graphics representation? 26.What is rate distortion theory? 27.Define the basic concepts of information theory. 28.Write any three techniques for lossless compression? 29.How entropy is related for the performance measures? 30.What do you mean by lossy and lossless compression? 31.Write any three techniques for lossy compression? 32.Define vector quantization and give its merit over scalar quantization. 33.What are the important applications of data compression? 34.Write the taxonomy of compression techniques? 35.What is meant by companded quantization? 36.What is meant by modelling? 37.What are the parts of human audio visual system? 38.Give some models that are used in lossless compression? 39.Give some models that are used in a lossy compression.

PART B 1.Write the features of multimedia and advantages of multimedia? 2.Explain the theory of vector quantization? 3.Explain the theory scalar quantization? 4.What are difference between the vector&scalar quantization? 5.Write the fundamental concepts of video and audio signals? 6.Explain the source model techniques? 7.Explain the different types of source coding techniques? 8.Expalin the error analysis and methodologies of multimedia compression techniques? 9.Explain the taxonomy of compression techniques? 10.(i)Explain the need for compression? (ii)Write the storage requirements of multimedia? 11.Explain the different types of source coding techniques 12.Explain the error analysis and methodologies of multimedia compression techniques 13.Write the fundamental concepts of video and audio signals 14.Explain the source model techniques 15.Explain the different types of source coding techniques

UNIT II AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION PART A 1.Define the minimum variance Huffman codes? 2.Write the optimality of Huffman codes? 3.Define adaptive Huffman coding? 4.What is nyquist rate? 5.What will be the effect if it is not satisfied(nyquist rate)? 6.State and explain shannons channel capacity formula? 7.Define entropy and explain its meaning? 8.Explain prefix code? 9.Differntiate between LZ and LZW coding? 10.What are tadvantages of adaptive Huffman coding? 11.What are applications of Huffman coding? 12.Compare Huffman and arithmetic coding? 13.What are application dictionary coding? 14.What are applications of arithmetic coding? 15.What are two types adaptive dictionary techniques? 16.Define file compression? 17.Define GIF. 18.Write about JBIG2 standard? 19.Write applications of extended Huffman codes? 20.What are the advantages of dictionary coding? 21.What are difference between LZ77&LZ78 approach?

22.Differentiate between forward and backward adaptive bit allocation method? 23.What are the drawbacks of arithmetic coding? 24.How do you deciphering the tag in arithmetic coding? 25. How do you generating the tag in arithmetic coding? 26. What are prefix codes? 27. Give any two characteristics of a code. 28.What are the two types of quantization error? 29. What are two types of adaptive quantization? 30.What do you mean by forward adaptive quantization? 31.What is meant by optimum prefix codes? 32. Write any three techniques for loss less compression? 33. What are the applications of Arithmetic coding? 34. What does digram-coding mean? 35.What is LZ family algorithm? 36.Define offset in LZ77 approach? 37.Define search buffer and look ahead buffer? 38. Give some application of LZW? PART B 1.A=.8.B=.08,C=.18 Generate extended Huffman code using pair of symbols? 2.Explain dynamic Huffman coding with an example? 3.A=.3,B=1,C=.2,D=3,E=.1 Generate arithmetic code for BACED. 4.A source emits letters from an alphabet A={a1,a2,a3,a4,a5} with probabilities P(a1)=.15,P(a2)=.04,P(a3)=.26,P(a4)=.05,P(a5)=.50 (a)Calculate the entropy of this source. (b)Find a Huffman code for this source.

(c)Find the average length of the code in (b) and its reduncy. 5.For the frequency count Letter a b c count 37 38 25

i.What is the word length required for unambiguous encoding? ii.Find the binary code for the sequence abacabb. iii.Decode the code you obtained to verify that your encoding was correct. 6. Letter a1 a2 a3 probability .2 .3 .5

Find the real valued tag for the sequence a1 a1 a3 a2 a3 a1 7.Given an initial dictionary consisting of the letters a b r y b.,encode the following message using the LZW algorithm:abbarraybbarrayarbbay. 8. Index 1 2 3 Entry a b. h

4 5 6

i s t

A sequence is encoded using the LZW algorithm and the initial dictionary shown in the table. 1.The output of the LZW encoder is the following sequence: 6 3 4 5 2 3 1 6 2 9 11 16 12 14 4 20 10 8 23 13 Decode this sequence. 2.Encode the decoded sequence using the same initial divtionary.Does your answer match the sequence given above? 9. A sequence is encoded using the LZW algorithm and the initial dictionary shown in the table. Index 1 2 3 4 Entry a b. r t

1.The output of the LZW encoder is the following sequence: 3 1 4 6 8 4 2 1 2 5 10 6 11 13 6 Decode this sequence.

2. Encode the decoded sequence using the same initial dictionary. Does your answer match the sequence given above? 10. Encode the following sequence using the LZ77 algorithm:

Barrayarbbarbbybbarrayarbbay Assume you have a window size of 30 with a look ahead buffer of size 15.furthermore, assume that C(a)=1.,C(b)=2,C(b)=3,C(r)=4,and C(y)=5.

UNIT III TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION 1.Define - Law and A- Law. 2.Write the Applications of G.722. 3.Write the Application to audio coding. 4.Define up sampling. 5. Define Down sampling. 6.What are the audio compression techniques are available? 7.How Huffman coding is used for audio compression? 8.Draw the model for speech synthesis. 9.What is mean by channel vocoder? 10. What is mean by CELP.? 11.Define analysis filter in channel vocoder. 12.Define formants. 13.What is the difference between CELP&MELP? 14. What is the basic objective of G.722? 15.write the layers of MPEG audio compression? 16.How subband coding is used for audio compression? 17.Define MELP

18.Draw the encoder diagram for CELP?. 19..Draw the Decoder diagram for CELP?. 20.Whether the audio compression is lossy or lossless compression? 21.What does Static Dictionary mean? 22.What is meant by adaptive dictionary? 23.Is Huffman coding lossy or less compression? 24.Give an example for offline encoding and online encoding? 25.Define lexicographic ordering? 26.What is the algorithm used in JBIG? 27.What are the different approaches used in a adaptive dictionary technique? 28. What is meant by progressive transmission? 29.Define lossless channel. 30.Define Deterministic channel 31.What is the important of sub band coding in audio compression? 32.. What are the parameters used in silence compression? 33. List the various analysis / synthesis speech schemes. 34.What are the factors to be considered for a voiced/ unvoiced decision in predictive coders? PART B 1.Explain - Law and A- Law companding techniques. 2.Draw and explain frequency domain and filtering . 3.With neat block diagram ,Explain basic subband coding techniques. 4. With neat block diagram ,Explain encoder and decoder of G.722. 5.Explain detail about MPEG audio compression technique. 6.Explain progressive encoding for audio.

7.Explain CELP vocoder. 8.What are the applications of arithmetic coding? 9.Explain anyone application. 10.Explain about Adaptive Huffman coding 11.What is meant by arithmetic coding? Explain it with an example. 12.Write an algorithm and explain the fractal compression technique for images. What are its applications? UNIT IV VoIP TECHNOLOGY PART A 1.In what manner does DPCM differ from PCM? 2.Write the difference between DM and DPCM? 3.Differntiate between JPEG and JPEG 2000. 4.What is mean by Contour based compression? 5.Write about EZW. 6.What is the function of mother wavelet? 7.What is special about wavelet transform? 8.What is the advantage of DCT over DFT? 9.What are the application of wavelets? 10.What are steps performed in EZW algorithm? 11.What are the labels in EZW . 12.What is mean by SPIHT? 13.What is mean by LIP in SPIHT? 14.What are difference between JBIG, JBIG2?

15. DefineOptimal Quantization. 16.What is mean by Optimal Predictors? 17.What are applicatios of image compression? 18.What is mean by QMF? 19.Define significant map coding. 20.What is the difference between EZW&SPIHT?? 21.Define LIS in SPIHT. 22.What are the difference between JPEG&JBIG? 23.What is mean by Decomposition? 24.Write the advantages of DPCM. 25.Write the applications of JPEG 2000. 26.What are the components of MPEG audio scheme? 27.Define vocoders and what are the types channel vocoders? 28.What is known as quadrative mirror filter? 29.Application to speech coding G.722 30.Define bit allocation? 31.. Give an example of bit allocation procedure in basic sub band coding? 32.What is meant by decimation & interpolation? 33.The cutoff frequency for anti-aliasing filter is 7 KHz and 8 KHz. Give reasons. 34.How masking properties of the human ear used I reducing the number of bits in uniform quantiser? 35.Generally, auto correlation function is used as a tool for obtaining the pitch period. But in linear predictive coders, AMDF is used. Why? 36.Define quad tree?

37.In what way SPIHT is more efficient than EZW? 38. What is massic transformation? PART B 1.Using a block diagram, explain the JPEG image compression techniques in detail. 2.Explain in depth the operation of EZW coder/ 3.Draw and explain the encoder-Decoder block diagram 3rd order predictive DPCM. 4.Explain Contour based compression. 5.Write brief about JPEG 2000 standards. 6.For the seven level decomposition shown below: 6 21 -6 3 6 0 -3 3 3 -3 0 0 0 -3 15 12

(a)Find the bit stream generated by the EZW coder. (b)Decode the bitstream generated in the previous step.Verify that you get the original coefficient values. 7.Using the coefficients from the seven level decomposition

6 21 -6 3

15

12

6 0 -3 3 3 -3 0 0 0

-3

(a)Find the bit stream generated by the SPIHT coder. (b)Decode the bitstream generated in the previous step. Verify that you get the original coefficient values. 8. With neat block diagram explain the Transform Coding. 9. What are the difference between JPEG&JBIG&JPEG 2000. 10. Draw and explain the encoder-Decoder block diagram 3rd order predictive DM&PCM?

UNIT V MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING PART A

1. What are video compression techniques are available? 2. What is the difference between PLV and RTV? 3. What is the complete size of macro block? 4. Write the advantages of MPEG? 5. Write the applications of MPEG?
6.

Write the prime difference between MPEG1&MPEG2?

7. Write the prime difference between MPEG4&MPEG7? 8. What is mean motion compensation? 9. What is mean by motion vectors? 10.How do you increase the size of the block? 11.What are frames available in MPEG? 12.What is the use of frames? 13.Which compression scheme is used in packet video? 14.What are applications of H.261? 15.Write the advantages of MPEG7 over MPEG4? 16.Write the advantages of MPEG2 over MPEG1? 17.What is mean by DVI real time compression? 18.What are functions of P frames? 19.What is the function of packet video in ATM networks? 20.What is mean by I frames in MPEG? 21.What is the function of B frame? 22.What is mean by BIFS? 23.What are standards used in video compression techniques?

24.What is the difference in JPEG and JPEG 2000? 25.What is fractal compression? 26.What is EBCOT? 27.What is a wavelet transform? 28.Define delta modulation 29.Define adaptive delta modulation 30.What is the disadvantage of uniform quantization over the non-uniform quantization? 31.What is video compression? 32.What are the disadvantages of video compression?

PART B 1.Explain the operation of H.261 video compression techniques? 2.Write a detailed noe on MPEG video coders? 3. Explain detailed about MPEG 7 standard. 4. detailed about MPEG 4 standard. 5. Explain detailed about MPEG 2&1 standard. 6. Write about packet video? 7.Write about PLV performance? 8.Explain detailed about DVI technology? 9. Explain in detail about MPEG-4? 10.Explain the DVI technology for symmetric and asymmetric motion video compression/decomposition? 11.What is motion compensation in H.261.briefly discussing it?

Explain model based coding?

12.Explain EPIC, SPIHT, JPEG, and JBIG?