How electricity is generated, transmitted & distributed.

By:SK. SAFIUL AHMED

Generation of electricity
    

Faradays Laws of electromagnetic induction 1st law says that whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an e.m.f. is induced in that conductor. 2nd law states that magnitude of induced e.m.f. is equal to rate of change of flux linkage. Mathematically e = -N d/dt (flux) volt. Direction of induced emf & currents:

Given by Fleming Right hand Rule or Lenzs law.

Direction of induced currents:

 

 

Fleming Right hand Rule: If we spread our right hand in such a way so that mid, four finger & thumb are mutual perpendicular to each other and thumb points towards direction motion, four finger towards direction of field then mid finger determines the direction of induced e.m.f. Lenz,s Law: This states that electromagnetically induced currents always flows in such a direction that the action of the magnetic field set up by it tends to oppose the very cause which produces it.

Alternator/Synchronous Generator
 

It works on the fundamental principles of electromagnetic induction Main components are:

Stator, rotor, armature winding, field winding, excitation system, AVR etc. Generation Voltages: 3.3, 6.6,11,13.8, 25 KV.

Sources of Electric Energy



Conventional sources

Thermal, Hydro, Nuclear, & MHD. Non-conventional sources Geo-thermal, wind, solar, tidal, photovoltaic & bio fuels etc.