PROBLEM SOLVING

Carranza, Joem Q.
de la Fuente, Ceasar D.
Marcos, Ian Mark P.

PROBLEM 8.14

A combined gas-steam turbine powerplant is designed with four 50MW gas turbines and one 120-MW steam turbine. Each gas turbine

operates with compressor inlet temperature 505 R, turbine inlet

temperature 2450 R, pressure ratio for both compressor and turbine
5, and compressor and turbine polytropic efficiencies 0.87 and 0.96.

The gases leaving the turbine go to a heat-recovery boiler then to a

regenerator with an effectiveness of 0.87. The turbine gases
correspond to 200 percent of theoretical air. The steam cycle has a
turbine steam inlet at 1200 psia and 1460R, one open-type feedwater
heater (not optimally placed) with feedwater temperature to heat
recovery boiler at 920 R, condenser pressure at 1 psia, and polytropic
and mechanical efficiencies 0.87 and 0.96. all generator efficiencies
are 0.96. supplementary firing at full load raises the gas temperature
to 2000 R.

REQUIRED:

Draw the cycle flow ang T-s diagram and find (a) the required
steam mass flow rate in the steam turbine in pound mass per
hour, (b) the required air mass flow rate in each gas turbine in
pound mass per hour, (c) the heat added in the gas cycle and in
supplementary firing at full load, (d) the stack gas temperature in
degrees Fahrenheit, (e) the cycle efficiency at full load, and (f) the

efficiency at startup when only one gas turbine is used at its full
load with no supplementary firing or regeneration. (Ignore the
steam cycle pump work.)

CC

6
AC

GT
4
1
SF

Air in
5

14
8

ST

9
13

10
12
FWH

11

SCHEMATIC
DIAGRAM 8.14

T-S DIAGRAM
T
8

5
4

2
1

14

13

12
11

10

CC

6
AC

GT
4

1
air

SF

3
5

5
2

4
6

6
6

SCHEMATIC & T-s DIAGRAM (Brayton Cycle)

SCHEMATIC &
T-s DIAGRAM
(Rankine Cycle)

9
14

9
m

13
12

10

11

14

8
ST
9

13

10

12
FWH

11

GIVEN:

Gas Cycle

Working fluid: air

Four 50 MW gas turbine
Tcomp,inlet = 505 0R
Tturbine,inlet= 2450 0R
rPc=rPT= 5
c = 0.87
T =0.87
mech =0.96
R = 0.87
Supplementary firing at 2000 0R
gen =0.96
The turbine gases correspond to
200 percent of theoretical air.
cp= cp,equiv =0.24 Btu/lbm 0F

Steam cycle

Working fluid: water

120 MW steam turbine
Pturbine,inlet = 1200 psia,
Tturbine,inlet =1460 0R
One open-type feedwater
heater operating at 9200R
Pcond,inlet = 1 psia
T =0.87
mech =0.96
gen =0.96
Non ideal
Assume
Ignore pump work
Wn = 120MW

(A). FIND: REQUIRED STEAM MASS FLOW

RATE IN THE STEAM TURBINE (LB /HR)
M

Assume

8
m

ST

Wn

s
m

, Wn = 120MW

wtotal , ST

wtotal , ST

(h8

9 )(h9
h9 ) (1 m

9
m

h13 )

m 9
13

9 )(h13
(1 m

h12 )

9
m

9
14

13

9
m

12

12
FWH

10

h10 )

Energy Balance on Feedwater Heater :

9 (h9
m

9
m

11

10

STEAM CYCLE
Finding the states starting from point 8.
State 8

P8 = 1200 psia, T8 = 1460 0R = 1000 0F,

(superheated)
h8=1499.4 Btu/lbm
s8=1.6298

State 9s (ideal)
T9s = 920 OR = 4600F, s8=s9=1.6298

(superheated)
Double interpolation, Table A-3:

9
14

P9s=162.5676 psia
h9s=1272.5916 Btu/lbm

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 9
P9=P9s=162.5676 psia
T

h8 h9
h8 h9 s

1499.4 h9
0.87
1499.4 1272.5196
h9 1302.014

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 10s
P10s=1 psia

s10s=s9s=s8=1.6298, mixed phase

T10s=Tsat=101.740F

s10 s
x10 s

s f ,10 s
s10 s

x10 s ( s fg ,10 s )
s f ,10 s

s fg ,10 s

1.6298 0.1326
1.8455

h10 s

h f ,10 s

h10 s

69.73 (0.81127)(1036.1)

h10 s

910.28753Btu / lbm

0.81127

x10 s (h fg ,10 s )

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 10
P10=P10s=1 psia
T

0.87
h10

h9 h10
h9 h10 s
1302.014 h10
1302.014 910.28573
961.22

B
9
14

13
12
11

STEAM CYCLE

State 11
P11=P10=P10s=1 psia, saturated liquid
T11=101.740F
v11= 0.01614 ft3/lbm
8

h11=hf =69.73 Btu/lbm

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 12
P12=P9=162.5676 psia

h12
h12
h12

v11 ( P12 P11 )

h11
J
0.01614(162.5676
69.73
788.16
70.2123

1)*144
8

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 13
P13=P12=P9=162.5676psia
Interpolation, Table A-1:
T13=364.8 0F
v13=vf=0.01816

ft3/lbm

h13=hf=337.409 Btu/lbm
B
9
14

13
12
11

10

STEAM CYCLE

State 14
P14= P8 = 1200 psia

h14
h14
h14

v13 ( P13 P14 )

J
0.01816(1200 162.5676)*144
337.409
788.16
340.851Btu / lbm
h13

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

(a) Steam mass flow rate

m 9 (h9 h13 ) (1 m 9 )(h13 h12 )
m 9 (1302.01 337.409) (1 m 9 )(337.409 70.2123)
m 9 0.2169056

Energy Balance on
Feedwater Heater :

wT

(h8 h9 ) (1 m 9 )(h9 h10 )

wT

(1499.4 1302.01) (1 0.2169056)(1302.01 961.22)

wT

464.26 Btu / lbm

wtotal

wT (

wtotal

464.26(0.96)(0.96)

wtotal

427.863Btu / lbm

m w
m w

Wn
wTotal

)(

120(3.412)(106 )
427.863
5

9.5694(10 )lbm / h

13

12
FWH
8

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

Steam cycle efficiency

wtotal

427.863Btu / lbm

qa ,hrb

h8

TH

wtotal
qa

h14

< Ignore steam cycle pump work

(1499.4 340.851) 1158.549Btu / lbm

427.863
1158.549

0.3693
8

B
9
14

13
12
11

10

REQUIRED AIR MASS FLOW RATE IN EACH

GAS TURBINE(LBM/HR)
a
m

Wn
( wtot )

wtot

( wGT

wGT

(h3

h4 )

cP (T3

T4 )

wAC

(h2

h1 )

cP (T2

T1 )

wAC )(

gen

)
T

3
5
2

Note:

Wn = 50MW for each gas turbine

1MW = 3.412 (106) Btu/lbm

6
6

GAS CYCLE
State 1
T1 = 505 0R, dry air
Interpolation, Table I-1:
Pr,1 = 1.09695
h1 = 120. 675 Btu/lbm.mol

State 2s

rpc = 5

Pr,2s=rpc(Pr,1)=5(1.09695)=5.48475
2

Interpolation, Table I-1:

T2s = 798.2883817 0R

4
6

h2s= 191. 3940768 Btu/lbm.mol

6
6

GAS CYCLE
State 2

h2 s h1
h2 h1

h2

0.87

191.3940768 120.675
h2 120.675

201.9612952 Btu / lbm .mol

0.87
T2

T2 s
T2

T1
T1

798.2883817 505
T2 505

5
2

842.113082 0 R

6
2

6
6

GAS CYCLE
State 3
T3 = 2450 0R, 200 percent theoretical air
Pr3 = 511.9
h3= 19080.7 Btu/lbm.mol
State 4s
200 percent theoretical air
rPT = 5

Pr ,4 s

Pr ,3
rpt

511.9
5

102.38

5
2

4
4s 6
6

Interpolation, Table I-2:

T4 s

1683.083004o R

h4 s

12539.51146 Btu / lbm .mol

GAS CYCLE
State 4
200 percent theoretical air

h3 h4
h3 h4 s

h4

0.87

19080.7 h4
19080.7 12539.51146

13389.86597 Btu / lbm .mol

T

T3 T4
T3 T4 s

3
5

2450 T4
0.87
2450 1683.083004
T4 1782.782213 0 R

4
6

6
6

GAS CYCLE
State 5
200 percent theoretical air, Table I-2

T5

2000o R

Pr5

211.6

h5

15189.3Btu / lbm .mol

T

3
5
2

6
2

6
6

(B) AIR MASS FLOW RATE

P (T2 T1 )
WAC mc
(0.24)(842.113082 505)
m
P (T3 T4 )
WGT mc

80.907m

(0.24)(2450 1683.083004)
m
Wtotal (WGT WAC )( gen M )

184.06m

(184.06 80.907)(0.96)(0.96) 95.0657m

T
m
Wn
Wn
a
m
95.0657 95.0657
50(3.412)(106 )
1.7945(106 )lbm / h
95.0657

3
5
2

4
6

6
6

GAS CYCLE
State 6

Qa ,hrb

qa ,hrb m w

(h8 h14 )m w

m a cP (T5 T6 )

(1158.549)(9.5694)(105 ) (4)(1.7945)(10 6 )(0.24)(2000 T6 )

T6 1356.462 0 R
T

3
5
2

4
6

6
6

(D) STACK GAS TEMPERATURE

Tstack

T6"

T2

842.113082 0 R

382.44 0 F
2

State T2

0.87
T2'

T2' T2
T6 T2

2
6

T2' 842.113082
1362.587515 842.113082
1294.9258 0 R 835.26 0 F

5
2

2
2

6
6 6

(C) HEAT ADDED BY THE CC

CC

Qa ,cc

a cP (T3 T2' )
m

Qa ,cc

(1.7945(106 ))(0.24)(2450 1294.9258)

4
SF

Qa ,cc

GT

4.923(10 ) Btu / h

(C) HEAT ADDED IN SUPPLEMENTARY

FIRING

QSF

a cP (T5
m

QSF

(1.7945(106 ))(0.24)(2000 1782.782213)

QSF

9.355(107 ) Btu / h

T4 )

3
5
2

4
6

6
6

(E) GAS CYCLE EFFICIENCY

WN
Qa ,cc
QSF
TH

50(3.412)(106 ) 170.6(106 )
4.923(108 ) Btu / h
9.355(107 ) Btu / h
Wtotal
Qa ,cc QSF

170.6(106 )
4.923(108 ) 9.355(107 )

0.2912

OVERALL PLANT CYCLE EFFICIENCY

Wtotal

[(4*50) (120)](3.412)(106 )(0.96)(0.96) 1.006(109 ) Btu / h

Qa ,cc

4* 4.923(108 ) 19.69(108 ) Btu / h

QSF

4*9.355(107 ) 3.74(108 ) Btu / h

plant.eff

Wtotal
Qa ,cc QSF

1.006(1010 )
19.69(108 ) 3.74(108 )

0.429

CC

2
AC

GT

1
air

4
6

14
8
SG

9
13

10
12
FWH

11

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
(no SF and regeneration)

(E) GAS CYCLE EFFICIENCY WHEN ONLY 1 GAS TURBINE

IS USED WITH NO SF AND REGENERATION
Wtotal 170.6(106 )
Qa ,G m a cP (T3 T2 )
Qa ,G 1.7945(106 )(0.24)(2450 842.113082) 6.75(108 ) Btu / h
TH

Wnet
Qa ,G

170.6(10 )
6.75(108 )

0.253