DESIGN OF MAT (RAFT) FOUNDATIONS

Design Steps and Equations

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3D View of Mat (Raft) Foundation

y L1 A Pu1 Column dimensions l i x bi B Pu2 ex Pu ey B D Pu4 Pu5 E Pu6 B2 Pu7 G Pu8 Pu9 I F x B1 L2 C Pu3

H L Top View of Mat (Raft) Foundation

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma

STEP 1 CHECK SOIL PRESSURE FOR SELECTED DIMENTION Allowable load P = !Pi Ultimate load Ultimate ratio Piu = ! [1.4DLi + 1.7LLi] ru = Pu , Ultimate pressure qu = qa x ru P

Locate the resultant load Pu In x- direction: !My-axis = 0, ex &

"Pu3 $ Pu9 # L2
"Pu1 $ Pu3 # B1

% "Pu1 $ Pu7 # L1 Pu % "Pu7 $ Pu9 # B2 Pu

In y- direction:

!Mx-axis = 0,

ey &

,P My x Mx y ) ' Applied ultimate pressure, qu,applied = * u Iy Ix ' *A + ( Where A = Area = BL Mx = Pu ey Ix = ! B L

3

and and

My = Pu ex Iy = ! L B
3

For the mat shown in Top View, the following sign convention is used to estimate qu,applied x (%) A B x (+) C y (+)

y (%)

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma

The following values for x and y along with the sign conventions are used to estimate qu,applied Point A x y L1 B1 B 0 B1 C L2 B1 D L1 0 E 0 0 F L2 0 G L1 B2 H 0 B2 I L2 B2

For the dimensions L and B to be adequate, qu,max . qu and qu,min / 0

STEP 2 DRAW SHEAR AND MOMENT DIAGRAMS (L - DIRECTION) The mat is divided into several strips in L-direction as shown below where B' = B/4. y L1 A B' J B' B D B' B2 L B' G
III II I

L2 B C

B1

H L

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma

Calculations for Strip ABC: a) The average uniform soil reaction, quI = q uA $ quC 2

b) Total soil reaction Q = quI x (B1 x L) where B1 = B' c) Total Column loads Pu, ABC = Pu1 + Pu2 + Pu3 d) Average load Pu, avg(ABC) = Q $ Pu, 2 Pu,
avg( ABC ) ABC ABC

e) Load multiplying factor FABC =

Pu,

f) The modified loads on this strip P'ui = (FABC) x (Pui) , Pu, avg( ABC ) ) g) Modified Average soil pressure qu, modified = quI x * ' Q * ' + ( h) The pressure distribution along the length of the strip qu, L (ABC) =

0 P' ui
L

Note that the same can be done for strips DEF (B2 = 2B') and GHI (B3 = B') where: quII = quIII = q uD $ q uF 2 q uG $ q uI 2

Steps (b) to (h) are repeated as above

The shear and bending moment diagrams for strip ABC is shown below. Other strips will have similar plots.

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma

P'u1 L1 A

P'u2 L2 B

P'u3

C qu, L (ABC)

+
V(kN)

Top Steel between Column 1 and 2

Top Steel between Column 2 and 3

%
M(kN.m)

+
Bottom Steel under Column 2

Moment drawn on tension side

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma

Similar plots should be made for strips in B-direction as shown below A

I

B
II III

STEP 3 DEPTH OF CONCRETE, d' Estimate d' for: a) Column 1, 3, 7 and 9 by 2-way punching shear (p' = l + w). b) Column 2, 4, 6 and 8 by 3-way punching shear (p' = 2l + w). c) Column 5 by 4-way punching shear (p' = 2l + 2w). (Use Equations For Punching Shear or approximate d' by Structural Depth of Concrete table for punching shear failure). Select the largest d' from (a), (b) or (c)

STEP 4 REINFORCEMENT The calculations below are repeated for every strip in L and B direction. a) Select the appropriate moments for each strip (refer to moment diagram) and estimate the moment per meter by Mui/m = Mu/Bi or Li b) Using Mui/m, d', fc' and fy estimate the reinforcement As (refer to Equations for Reinforcement or the percent reinforcement can be obtained directly from Percent Steel Tables).

For an example on Design of Mat Footings click here

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Foundation Engineering 2 Design of Mat (Raft) Footings Dr. Adnan A. Basma