SEMINOR ON PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO Mrs . SATHYA M. SC (NURSING) LECTURER BCN SUBMITTED BY ARUL VIMALA MARY M.SC (N) I YEAR BCN

INDEX S. NO 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGIES DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING EDUCATION IN INDIA NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING ASSISTANT NURSE MIDWIFE GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE B. SC (NURSING) POST CERTIFICATE BACHOLER OF NURSING COURSE DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING MASTER OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING DOCTORATE OF PHILOSPHY IN NURSING NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS SUMMARY

CONTENT

PAGE NO

CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

PATTERNS OF NURSING EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN INDIA INTRODUCTION: Nursing, a profession that recalls the name of Florence Nightingale is indeed one of the noblest professions in the world. It is the art of caring sick people with the science of health care. It is the vital component of any form of medical care. The largest group of workers in the health sector are those in nursing occupations as nurses and nursing assistants. In a hospital from a general ward to the operating theatre, nursing forms an integral part. This is one of the few domains of work that is almost totally dominated by women. TERMINOLOGIES: NURSING: Nursing is the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health that he would performed unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible. EDUCATION: According to John dewey, Education is the development of all these capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfil his possibilities. NURSING EDUCATION: Nursing education is a professional education which is consciously and systematically planned and implemented through instruction and discipline and aims the harmonious development and aesthetic powers.

 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Professional development is the need of competition and knowledge explosion should be explain properly and prepare the student to render professional nursing care in the best or higher possible manner.

PHILOSOPHY: Philosophy is a search for a comprehensive view of nature an attempt at a universal explanation of things. Henderson

NURSING EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA: The nursing council act came into existence in 1948 to constitute a council of nurses who would safeguard the quality of nursing education in the country. The mandate was establish and maintain uniform standards of nursing education. Today, the nursing education is regulate by Indian nursing council through prescription, inspection, examination, certification and maintaining its stand for a uniform syllabus at each level of nursing education. BASIC GENERAL NURSING: 1. TRAINING OF DAIS: The Dai training continued past independence. The goal was to train one Dai in each village and ultimate goal was to train all the practicing Dais in country. Duration of training was 30 days. No age limit was prescribed, training include theory and practice, more emphasis on field practice. This training was done at sub centre and equipments provided by UNICEF. 2. AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE: In 1950 Indian Nursing Council came out with some important decisions relating to future patterns of nursing training in India. One of the important decision was that there should be only two standard of training in nursing and midwifery, subsequently the curriculum for those courses were prescribed. The first course was started at St. Marys hospital, Punjab, 1951. Qualification was up to 7 or 8 years of schooling. Training period is 2 years. In 1977, as a result of decision to prepare multipurpose health workers and vocationalization of higher secondary education.

3. LADY HEALTH VISITER COURSE: Training of these course continued post independence. The syllabus prepared and prescribed by INC in 1951. The entrance qualification was matriculation, duration was 2 1/2 years. 4. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFERY COURSE: GNM course existed since early years of century. In 1951, syllabus was prescribed by INC. In 1954, public health was integrated into basic nursing course.

5. POST CERTIFICATE SHORT TERM COURSES: During 1948-50, four nurses were sent to U.K. by Govt of India for mental health nursing diploma. During 1954, Manzil medical health centre, Luck now gave psychiatric nursing education course of 4 to 6 weeks duration. In 1951, a one year course in public health was started at college of nursing, Delhi. Govt of India felt urgent need for psychiatric nurses during 1953-54, this resulted in first organized course at all India Institute of Mental Health. UNIVERSITY LEVEL PROGRAMMES: 1. BASIC B.SC (NURSING) : First university programme started just before independence in 1946 at university of Delhi and CMC, Vellore. In 1949, on recommendation of university education committee and education commission (1964-1966) and conference, workshop held by TNAI, The WHO and some more colleges came up in different state affiliated to different university. 2. POST BASIC B. SC (NURSING): The need for higher training certificate nurses was stressed by the Mud liar committee in 1962. Two year post certificate programme was started in December 1962, for nurses with diploma in general midwifery with minimum 2 years of experience. It was first started in university of Trivandrum. 3. POST BASIC NURSING BY DISTANCE EDUCATION:

In 1985, Indira Gandhi, National open university was established. In 1992 Post Basic B.sc Nursing program was launched, which is three years duration course is recognized by INC. 4. M.SC NURSING: First two years course in master of nursing was started at RAK College of nursing in 1959 and in 1969 in CMC, Vellore. At present there are many college importing M.sc (N) degree course in different specialities. 5. M. PHIL: INC felt need for M. Phil programme as early as on 1977, for this purpose committee was appointed. In 1986 one year full time and two years part time programme was started in RAK College of nursing, Delhi. 6. PH.D NURSING: Indian nurses were sent abroad for Ph.D programme. From 1992 Ph.D in nursing also available in India. NUMBER OF NURSING COURSES IN INDIA TODAY 1. Basic b.sc (nursing) 2. M.sc nursing 3. General nursing and midwifery course 4. Auxillary nurse midwife 5. Hospital nursing 6. Public health nursing 7. Military nursing 8. Educators 9. Industrial nursing 10. Psychiatric nursing

11. Paediatric nursing

CURRENT EDUCATIONAL PATTERN IN NURSING

AUXILLARY NURSE MIDWIFE (MULTI PURPOSE HEALTH WORKER) Philosophy: The syllabus and regulation set forth in this document have been formulated in according with the health needs of the country, basic principles of vocational education and resources actual and potential. Component: 1. The resource available 2. The commitment of the state registration nursing councils to bring nursing education for health worker in to the main stream of nursing education 3. The philosophy of the institution conducting the health workers training programme 4. Co-operation of the board of secondary education. Venue: The training programme for health workers should preferably be conducted in a primary health care, district or Taluk hospital and health institution with facilities for providing greater part of training in rural areas. Objectives: 1. General objectives: At the end of training program, the student health worker should demonstrate ability to plan and carry out job responsibilities assigned to him/her under the multipurpose worker scheme.
2. Specific objectives:

Explain the principles of healthful living related to all age groups in the community Perform basic health care activities in community

 Plan carryout nutrition and health care activity in home,

clinic and community Provide basic material and child health care including immunization service and family planning service Participate in prevention and control of communicable disease Provide first aid and emergency nursing care Promote community development activities Instructional hours: Total instructional hours for vocational training 1350 hours. 30 hours per week for 45 weeks. For study a vocational subjects and vocation related science subject, include theory, practical supervised fieldwork and training.

Time distribution:

In one week - 30 instructional hours - Orientation

First week

2 to 24 week - Classes 24 to 45 week-Supervised practical Total-78 weeks Leave, vacation 6 weeks Examination at 30 th week Administration of school: Administrative head: A Principal nursing officer should appointed as an administrative head of the school. Budget:

 Regular budgetary allocation Transport Library books and journals External lectures Staff: For 30 students or less than that, teaching class room field, Principal - 1 Public health nurse - 2 Nursing tutor -2 Senior sanitarian -1 Facilities: Non teaching staff (cook, cleaner) Transport facilities Teaching areas Clinical facilities and teaching laboratory Residential facilities Health and counselling services. Examination: The state nursing registration council will conduct all registration examination at the end of 1 years training in the subject wise. Subjects: S.n o Subjects SEMESTER I 1. Anatomy and physiology 90 Hour s

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Microbiology Fundamentals of nursing Child health Maternal and family health Community health Demonstration midwifery Midwifery and maternal nursing Field/clinical experiences (per week) Community health experience Hospital nursing experience Total hours 435 + 320

30 60 60 30 30 15 60 40 200 120 755

S.n o

Subjects SEMESTER - II

Hour s

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Psychology Sociology Nutrition First aid and emergency nursing Midwifery and maternity nursing Family planning and welfare education Skills and audio-visual aids Community health experience

60 60 60 30 60 30 30 220

9.

Hospital institution nursing hours 420 +320 SEMESTER III

100 Total 740

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Health problems and plans Nutrition education Communicable diseases Mental disease and basic medicine Pharmacology Community health experience Hospital institutional nursing 405 + 320

30 30 90 15 210 220 100 Total hours 725

Award of class: Distinction First class - above 75 % - 70 to 74.9 %

Second class -60 to 69 % Third class -50 to 59 %

Eligibility for examination:

Has attended not less than tree fourth of total class for each paper Has complete the practical training requirement Record practical experience and signed by head of the school Has meet the field experience

Certificate will be issued on completion of 18 months of training requirements. GENERAL NURSING AND MIDWIFE

PROGRAMMES Philosophy: The international council of nurses states that the unique function of nurse is to assist the individual sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery that he would perform unaided, if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge and to do this in such a way as to hold him, gain independence rapidly as possible. General objectives: Demonstrate awareness and skills required in nursing process in the provision of health care Apply relevant knowledge from the humanities using biological and behavioural sciences Show sensitivity and skill in human relationships and communication in her daily work Demonstrate skill in the use of problem solving method Gain knowledge about health resources Demonstrate leadership skills Demonstrate understanding professional behaviour and commitment of

Demonstrate ability to self awareness Promotion of health, precautions against illness and restoration of health Setting up of school of nursing:

Minimum requirement:

It should have teaching staff on proportion to number of students and certain physical facilities, laboratories, library and

auditorium. Administrative head of the school should be the principal. Teaching staff: For school of nursing with 60 students, *Principal - 1 *Vice-principal 1 *Tutors 6 For every addition 10 students there should be one tutor. Qualification of teaching staff: A. Principal: Masters in nursing with a minimum 3 years teaching and administrative experience. If such a candidate is not available. A B. Sc (Nursing) with 5 years teaching and administrative experience.
B. Vice-Principle: Same as Principle qualification

C. Tutors/ clinical instructors: Masters of nursing if not available, B.Sc/ Post basic B.Sc, even if not available , a candidate with diploma in nursing education and administration or any other equivalent post-basic diploma with 8 years of teaching and administrative experience in nursing. D. Additional staff:

Stenographer

-1

Cashier, accountant -1 Typist Librarian -1 -1 -1 -1 -4

Assistant librarian Lab attendant Chowkidars

 Driver Cleaner Peons Sweepers

-1 -1 -3 -3

Duplicating machine operator-1 E. Budget: School should have separate budget, should be the drawing and distributing officer and empowered to plan for operating the funds in all different heads as per governments rules and regulations and as deemed , necessary for running an educational institution.
PHYSICAL FACILITIES:

Class room: It should be at least four classrooms with a capacity to accommodate the number of students admitted in each class . Laboratories: For nursing practice, there should be demonstration room, large enough to accommodate six beds, nutrition lab, community and obstetrical laboratories. Auditorium: It should be spacious enough to accommodate large preferably double the number of current strength to have visiting faculty and senior students. Library: It should have comfortable seating arrangements for one third of total number of students and staff. It should have proper lighting, heating and cooling arrangements, sufficient number of cupboards and up to date reference book, text books, magazines and news papers. Examination hall:

It should be able to accommodate the total number of students and proper light, ventilation, seating arrangements. Office facilities: In office minimum of six offices for teaching staff with toilet facilities, separate office for office staff and equipment should be adequately furnished. Other facilities: Common rooms (minimum three rooms) Record rooms (stool racks and built in shelves) Store room Room for audio-visual aids Drinking water facilities Toilet facilities CLINICAL FACILITIES: Field practice area: A well set up field- teaching centre with provision for accommodation for 10 students and two staff members Transport facilities Arrangement for securing of staff and students Hospital: The hospital should be provided all the learning experience required for the student from a school of nursing There shall be minimum of 150 beds with a daily average turnover of not less than 100 patents and out-door clinics and operating rooms.
HOSTEL FACILITIES:

Bed rooms:

There should preferably be three students in one room with space for each student being 70 square feet carpet area per student. The furniture provided should include separate sleeping , seating and storage arrangement for each student. Toilet and bath rooms: This facilities should be provided on each floor at the rate of one bathrooms and one latrine for six students. Other facilities: Recreation (indoor and outdoor games) Visitors room

Kitchen and dining hall

Pantry Washing and ironing room Warden Canteen Transport facilities Crche

STUDENTS:

Admission:
Age for entrance shall be 17 years to 35 years for ANM. For

ANM/LHV age is relax able up to 35 years, provided they meet the minimum educational requirements 12 years of schooling. Admission of students shall be once a year

 Students should be medically FIT Vacation and holidays: Annual vacations Sick leave Preparatory holiday 30 days/yr 10 days/yr 7 days/yr

TRAINING PROGRAMME:

Duration: 3 to 3 years Preliminary period: Preliminary period of 12 weeks. During this time she will attend the ward for observation and supervised practice not exceeding 16 hours per week. Year wise distribution of weeks and days are, I year II year III year 42 weeks 42 weeks 42 weeks 250 days 250 days 250 days

Annual hours = 42 x 36 hours = 1500 hours. It is recommended that hours of institution and clinical field experience be divided as follows for each year. year Instruction supervised (hrs) 565 350 250 Clinical field practice experience (hrs) 935 1150 1250

I year II year III year

Course of instruction and supervised practice: year subject hours

Basic science applied to nursing Physics and chemistry microbiology Behavioural science applied to nursing Community health nursing-I Fundamentals of nursing Total

80 20 30 60 180 165 565

II

Medical surgical nursing Psychiatric nursing Paediatric nursing Advanced nursing practice Total

240 30 50 30 350 100 100 30 20 Total 250 1165

III

Midwifery Community health nursing - II Professional trends and adjustments Management nursing

Grand total

Records: The minimum records should be maintained for each students. Admission records Health records

 Class attendance Clinical and field experience Progress reports on assessment in theory/practical Mark list Leave record Practical record book Cumulative records Examination: Eligibility for examination: a) Student has completed not less than 11 month of course and that her total performance has been satisfactory during t5hat period. b) Student has attended 75% of formal instruction given on each subject and 75%field experience separately during the year. c) Record the practical experience is up to date. Board examination: Distinction First division Second division Pass : 80% and above : 70 to 79.9 % :60 to 69.9% : 50 to 59.9%

BASIC B.SC (NURSING) Objectives: The programme is designed:

 To provide a balance of professional and general education To enable a student to become a professional nurse practitioner who has self-direction and is a responsible citizen Understanding the application of principles from the physical, biological, social and behavioural science for assessing health status. Ability to investigate health care problems systemically Ability to work collaboratively Ability to assume responsibility for continuing learning and for increasing competence in nursing practice

Appreciation of professional attitudes necessary for leadership role in nursing

Appreciation of social and ethical obligation

Attendance, progress and conduct:

Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the principle of the college of nursing to be eligible for appearing in the university examination. A minimum of 80 % attendance is required in theory and practical separately in each subject attendance of 10 % may be conducted by the vice-chancellor on the recommendation of the principal based on the genuinity of the cases. Internal assessment: The principle is enunciated by the university in each subject for which 20 % of the marks are set apart and these will be the minimum of 2 assignments and three periodical test in every year to assess the progress of the candidate. Declaration of results: Score 50 % of the marks in theory and 50% in practical. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% marks in the university conducted written exam and 50% aggregate.

 Declaration of class: A successful candidate obtaining 75% and more marks in the grand total aggregate in the first attempt shall be declared to have passed with distinction. 60 to 75% in aggregate in grand total is first class. 50 to 60 % shall be declared to have passed those subjects with second class and candidate who passes in more than one attempt will be placed in pass class irrespective of the percentage of mark scored.

Course of the study: Yea r I English Kannada Sociology Anatomy Physiology Bio -chemistry Principles and practice of nursing Psychology Microbiology Introduction to community health nursing Total II Pharmacology Medical surgical nursing -I Community health nursing - I Statistics and nursing research Nutrition (growth and development) 30 270 75 30 60 15 600 105 30 Subject Th.hr s 90 45 45 60 60 30 240 45 45 75 780 Pr. hrs 20 20 15 300 15 45

405 Total III Midwifery - I Medical surgical nursing II Child health nursing Mental health nursing Nursing education Total IV Midwifery - II Community health nursing-II Nursing administration Trends and issues in nursing Electives Total 60 60 60 45 45 270 60 75 75 75 60 345

750 150 210 240 240 150 990 300 450 105 30 885

POST CERTIFICATE B.SC (NURSING) COURSE Philosophy:

a. The faculty believes that nursing is an integral part of health

care delivery system and share the responsibility by working in collaboration with other professional for the attainment of optimal health for all members of society. b.As an essential health service, nursing includes prevention of disease, promotion of health for individual and family c. Practice of nursing is the teaching and counselling of patient and family d.For effective professional education and practice

e.Enhance the effectiveness of nursing care.

Eligibility for admission:

a. Hold a certificate in a general nursing b. Be a registered nurse c. Have minimum of 2 years of experience d. Have passed pre-university examination e. Be medically fit Objectives:
Administer high quality of nursing care

Apply knowledge from theory to practice Investigate health care problems systematically Work collaboratively with health team members Teach and counsel individual and family Understand human behaviour Establish effective interpersonal individuals and families relationship with

Planning and carrying out community health programmes Ability in administrative skills and teaching skills Identify social and cultural importance to care the patient Acquire a professional attitude necessary to leadership Increasing competencies in nursing Recognize social and ethical obligation in society Course of the study: Course of study comprises of 2 years. Attendance, progress and conduct:

 Minimum of 80 % attendance Progress and conduct of student should be satisfactory and certified
Internal assessment:

The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam; internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only. Course of the study: Year I English Biology Physics and chemistry Sociology Educational psychology Reproductive and child health Microbiology Anatomy and physiology Leadership development Nursing I (components) Nursing research and statistics Total II Community health nursing -II Medical surgical nursing - II 120 120 180 180 Subject Th.hr s 60 45 60 60 60 90 45 60 45 75 60 660 Pr. hrs 90 30 15 45 180

Nursing education Nursing administration Mental health nursing Total

75 60 60 435

75 60 90 585

DEGREE OF MASTER NURSING Philosophy: Is offered by institution of higher education Prepare nurses for leadership position in nursing and health fields. Prepare nursing graduates who are professionally equipped, creative, self- directed and directly motivated to deal with day-today problems. Encourage accountability and commitment to life -long learning which foster import of quality of life Objectives: Increased psychomotor competencies , cognitive and affective

The ability to utilize the potentialities Expertise in the utilization of concepts and theories Ability to function administrators effectively as educators and

Ability to plan and initiate the changes in health care system Leadership quality for the advancement of professional nursing

 Ability to establish collaboration relationship with other members Interest in life-long learning Eligibility: Have passed B.sc (n) / Post certificate B.sc (n) of any university Have a minimum of 2 years experience Candidate should be registered nurse

Subjects of the study: Candidate will be examined in any one of the following branches, I II - Medical surgical nursing - Community health nursing

III -Child health nursing IV -Obstetrics and gynaecological nursing

V

-Psychiatric nursing

Duration: The course of study shall extent over a period of 2 years. Year I Nursing education Advanced nursing practice Nursing research and statistics Clinical speciality - I Subject Th.hr s 150 150 150 150 600 Pr. hrs 150 200 100 650 1100

Total II Nursing management Dissertation Clinical speciality - II Total 150 150 300 150 300 950 1400

Attendance: Each student must have certificate of satisfactory attendance, progress and conduct from the head of institution to be eligible for admission to university examination.

Session requirement: The principle enunciated by university in each subject, for which 20 % of the mark are set apart and they will be added to the final grade in the university exam. There shall be 2 assignments and periodical tests in each year to assess the progress of the candidate. The candidate fails in an exam, internal assessment shall be assessed again at request for betterment in the second attainment only. Submission of dissertation: The candidate shall submit a dissertation in the field of his/her speciality and co-guide, who shall be a teacher of from health sciences. The guide and co-guide will value the dissertation and average of which shall be the marks for internal assessment. The internal marks together with dissertation will be submitted to the university one month prior to university exam. Examinations: Examination conducted at each year, supplementary exam conducted during the winter vacation of each academic year of benefit if the student.

 Exam results:

Distinction -80% and above First class - 70% to 80% Pass 50% MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING Philosophy: Nursing shares with the whole university a main focus of preparing its students for practice and assisting them to achieve a meaningful philosophy of life. Commitment to life- long learning is the mark of truly professional person. Objectives: To strengthen the research foundation To provide basic training for doctoral program Duration: Full time program one year Part time program two year Attendance: A student required to attend not less than 2/3 rd of the total lecturers, seminars and practical separately in each course of part. Course of study: The M.Phil students will be in two distinct parts. Part -I It consists of 3 courses, one course to be selected from each of the three major groups A, B and C. Part II

After passing part-I examination, the student shall be write dissertation of each candidate will be determine by the advisory committee including project supervisory. Evaluation of part-I and part-II: Par t I Subject Group A-Research nursing method Ex. marks in 50 50 50 100 250 Int. amt 50 50 50 200 450 Tot. marks 100 100 100 300 600

Group B-Major aspects of nursing Group C-Allied discipline II Dissertation including viva Total of part I and part II

Results: Pass - At least 50% mark (part-I, II) First class - 60 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II) Distinction 75 % marks in aggregate (part-I, II) DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY IN NURSING
Board of research study:

Dean and head of the deportments concerned principles recognize for post graduate programmes Two numbers dominated by the academic council Three person nominated by the medical faculty Eligibility criteria: The candidate should be post graduate in nursing with more than 55% of aggregate marks Should have research background

 May or may not published articles in journals

The course duration for PhD, 3 years and for part time is

4 years Procedure: The post graduate has to apply to university, the admission committee will sanitize the application Entrance test will be conducted in speciality subject and research for 50 marks each totalling 100.
If the candidate is qualified, candidate has to select the

problem an obtain the signature of guide in respective department of university During the first year the scholar has to redefine and state the problem, review has to be done. The first and third chapter have to be prepared. Sampling technique and selection of sample has to be chosen.
At the end of first year pre PhD exam in two subject has to

be written is research and speciality. If they got through the exam they can do further word like construction of tool, reliability and validity of the tool, pilot study, finalization of the tool, administration of the tool for the sample code design, master sheet of data has to be prepared. Plan of data analysis under the guidance of statist an and guidance will carried out, then report writing according to chapterwise will be done under different chapter like introduction, review of the literature, methodology, data analysis, description of findings, summarizations and case studies will be included.
All the chapters will be monitor by the research supervisor.

At the end, 7 copies of thesis to be submitted to the university. Three national and international examiners will observe and go through the write-up of research work and write their comments and send to the university. Research has to present seminars about the topic to the faculty and head of the department. Finally viva-voice will

be conducted in front of experts in the field. After seminar presentation, the faculty will raise the questions and student has to clarify them to guide will be assisting the student in giving response to the faculty. The student will be awarded with PhD by issuing the notification of approval copy. NURSE PRACTITIONER PROGRAMS Specialization has been articulated as a mark of the advancement of nursing profession. The nurse practitioner roles were developed in response to this advancement. The profession needed clinical practitioners who would focus on the specific segment of the whole of nursing, seeking in depth knowledge and advancement skills in a defined area of practice.
Concept of nurse practitioner:

Nurse practitioners are registered nurse with advanced education and training. They are qualified to evaluate, provide and co-ordinate comprehensive personalized health care.
Nurse practitioner certification:

Registered nurse licence is effective in major degree of nursing, current clinical practice in speciality, education in speciality authorized designation nurse practitioner.
Type of nurse practitioner:

Acute care nurse practitioner Adult nurse practitioner

Emergency nurse practitioner

Paediatric nurse practitioner

Psychiatric nurse practitioner

Geriatric nurse practitioner Family nurse practitioner Community nurse practitioner Women health nurse practitioner

 Oncology nurse practitioner

Role of nurse practitioner:

Focusing on nursing care of patient Collaborating with physician Counselling and education Diagnosing and treating acute illness Diagnosing, treating and monitoring chronic illness Providing health maintenance Obtaining medical examination history and conducting physical

Ordering, performing and interpreting diagnostic studies Prescribing medications Rehabilitation treatments Providing prenatal care Providing well child care CONCLUSION: All degree program courses are presently being offered in about lot of universities in the country. Nurse practitioners are leaders in the field of nursing. They are people with ability to draw people to a vision and influencing them to commit to contributing to making the vision a reality.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BASEVANTHAPPA .B.T, 2003, NURSING

EDUCATION, first edition, reprint 2004, Jaypee brothers publications, page no:812.

 NEERAJA, 2003, TEXT BOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION, first

edition, Jaypee publications, page no: 40-78.

SANKARA NARAYANAN, 2003, LEARNING AND TEACHING

NURSING, first edition, Brainfill publications, page no: 16-20. JOURNAL REFERENCE:

NIGHTINGALE NURSING TIMES, vol-5, number-4, july-2009, and page no: 65-67.

NET REFERENCE: http://www.indiareer.com.nursing/india

http://nursing education planet.com/nr/blog.6.php.development of nursing education.