Effects of Pre-Questioning On the Reading Comprehension Achievement

(A Study at)

Proposal Submitted by: MISRUN NIZAR The Student of English Department Tarbiyah Faculty Reg. No. 230716905

TARBIYAH FACULTY STATE INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AR-RANIRY SURIEN, BANDA ACEH 2010

OUTLINE

Chapter I

: INTRODUCTION A. Background of study B. Research question C. Terminology D. Aim of study E. Research method F. Population and sample : LITERATURE REVIEW A. definition of inductive method B. definition of deductive method C. some consideration in applying inductive and deductive method D. the process of applying inductive and deductive method : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY A. Research methods a. Experimental teaching b. Test c. Questionnaire B. Population and Sample a. Population b. sample : THE OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH LOCATION A. Brief description of the school B. Students C. Teachers D. Facilities E. Curriculum : RESULT OF RESEARCH A. The procedure of collecting data B. The instrument of collecting data C. The analysis of the data D. Examining of hypothesis : CONCLUSION AND SUGESIONS A. Conclusion B. Suggestion

Chapter II

Chapter III

Chapter IV

Chapter V

Chapter VI

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of study Language is one of the most important things in communication and it is used as a toll of communication among the nations in all over the world. As an international language, English is very important and has many interrelationships with various aspects of life owned by human being. In Indonesia, English considered as the first foreign language and taught formally from elementary school up to the university level. In English, there are four skills that should be mastered by every one who wants to master English well, they are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The reading skill became very important in the education field, students need to be exercised and trained in order to have a good reading skill. Reading is also something crucial and indispensable for the students because the success of their study depends on the greater part of their ability to read. If their reading skill is poor they are very likely to fail in their study or at least they will have difficulty in making progress. On the other hand, if they have a good ability in reading, they will have a better chance to succeed in their study. In reading, to comprehend the text the readers should be able to manage every part of the text, because it is easy to gain the comprehension in reading when the readers are able to organize the text. Sometimes, they may find form of pre-questioning and it is important for them to comprehend a reading text with having knowledge in general view of the text. Theoretically, pre-questioning itself can build the students interest and

motivation before students read the whole text. Moreover, the students can predict what will be discussed on the text. In line with this study, students may improve their reading comprehension if they know about pre-questioning and it is very important to understand about pre-questioning in order to get good comprehension in reading. Based on the explanation above, the writer is interested in finding out the effects of treatment with pre-questioning and without pre-questioning on students reading comprehension achievement and concluded that the pre-questioning consists of some questions provided before the students read the whole text. It tends to build the students interest and motivation to read the text

B. Research Question There are two research questions for this study, they are:

1. What is the effect of treatment with pre-questioning on the Reading Comprehension Achievement of the Second Grade Students 2. Is it effective to improve students reading comprehension by using pre-questioning? 3. Are there any differences between male and female achievements in reading comprehension by using pre-questioning? 4. What are the obstacles that faced by students in listening comprehension?

C. Terminology There are some terms in this study that should be explain in order to avoid misunderstanding, there are:

1. Pre-questioning Some questions which are provided before the students read the whole text, in order to build the reading schemata and background knowledge of the students and also to rise their interest, and their cognitive aspect to predict what will faced by them in the next whole text. 2. Reading Comprehension Theoretically, reading comprehension is a process of interaction between the reader with the text and the reader relates the idea from the text to prior experiences and their knowledge. In other words, comprehension is a process by which the reader constructs meaning by interacting with the text. In this study, reading comprehension achievement operationally defined as the students scores in comprehending the text on the reading comprehension tests, after having and without having the pre-questioning.

C. The Aims of Study The aim of this study is to find out some important targets as follow: 1. To find out the effect of treatment with pre-questioning on the Reading Comprehension Achievement of the Second Grade Students 2. To measure the effectiveness of pre-questioning in improving students reading comprehension. 3. Are there any differences between male and female achievements in reading comprehension by using pre-questioning? 4. What are the obstacles that faced by students in listening comprehension?

D. Postulates and Hypotheses This study is carried out on the following postulates: 1. Pre-questioning can help the students to comprehend the reading text. 2. The students have been taught about how to identify the main idea and supporting details of a paragraph and how to recognize kinds of text

Based on the postulate above, there are some hypotheses that have to be proved in this research: 1. Pre-questioning will help the students in comprehend the reading text.

E. Research Method Data Collecting Procedure To find out the valid data, the writer will conduct some researches, they are: a. Experimental Teaching The writer uses this technique to find out the data which one of these two methods more effective in teaching reading, the writer choose two classes of the second year students of MTsS Ulumuddin. One served as an experiment class and the other one as a control class. For experimental class the writer applies deductive method. Meanwhile, for the control class the process of teaching was run as usual. b. Test To measure the students of MTsS Ulumuddin abilities in reading the writer will give pre-test and post test. Pre-test test will give before teaching learning process to measure the degree of

the students achievement. And post test will give after teaching experiment. The questions are about what are they have read. c. Questionnaire In collecting data, the writer distribute questionnaire to discover students difficulties in studying reading or questionnaire separate to support the data and to know the students opinion.

F. Population and Sample Population is totality of data that will be researcher object in current scope and current time.1 The writer takes MTsS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe as population in this study. Sample is part of population, which can be choosing by using some method or current method.2 The sample of this study the writer takes the second year students of MTsS Ulumuddin Lhokseumawe. BILBIOGRAPHY

Manser, H.M Oxford Learners Pocket Dictionary, (America: Oxford University Press, 1995). Sukardi, Metodologi penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2003), first edition. Margono, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004), fourth edition.

Sukardi, Metodologi penelitian Pendidikan Kompetensi dan Praktiknya, (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara,

2003), first edition, P. 53

2

Margono, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004), fourth edition, P. 118

Larsen-Freeman, Diane, techniques and principles in language teaching, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986). http://esl.about.com/cs/teachingtechnique/a/a_teachgrammar.htm http://www.articlesbase.com/writing-articles/inductive-and-deductive-method-of-the-teaching1059831.html http://www.landmark.edu/institute/grants_research/biology_success/samples/inductivedeductive. pdf

Additional titles: 1. Correlation between parent education background and students achievement 2. The influence of discipline toward students achievement 3. The effectiveness of picture story approach in teaching reading toward elementary student.