Professional Documents
Culture Documents
U1Jml1
•
U1~n1~n1~~dd~~~m1~ndd~ q ...... •
fJfJfl\ll1lJ f11llJ
UUUVl
Ii>
GJt~.1
(W.fl.
li!l&'", 0)
"".,<1
ffamnmn
'"
"'"
'I'IlJ~mmn
L'lfJ~
"'"
o
-4
tlmClnlJ1r11jllwNClrlflillOVlClrlffll1mllJ
,
.".,,<1
U1J'WlnClmUCl:;:;C\'ClnLmU.l1lJmJtI'W~'Ul-ii
.". .,
""",,,
... -"",
.1'
'J/
('UfllJClVl1
'J/
J., iii
hl)
unsrnnu
<1
"
Vtff.
1m&:
G)
G)
1 Ji lJ'Wrll1lflllmg;V1'l1~
...
"""
flrlffl'11mllJ
...""" WW1:l:11'lfUqJqJrlll1\il':iJll'W 1
"" .,
NZ'l9'lflt1lOVl flWlffl'11mllJ
.".... r!
W.ff. 1m&:
Ii>
G)
.1(
fll'l1'Wl'Ill1r11JllUWZ'lrlflt1lCVIfJrlffl11mllJ
<1
,mmn"m
"
...
"'"
'I'IlJ~Ln"m
UZ'lg;ftClt11flClmlJ?lCltlC\'fl-l'IJ1\1
...
<!,
.1'
'lI
('lJfJlJ?l'Vl1 AU )
II
J., iii. I
"'"
lL1JW
""
n'lffi'iHlltmml!l1
...
•1
... .{
1m&' '"
Ih~mCl
ffflTJff
unn.
171-2530
r.v
lf1JtJ~fll-3f1a'U0-3lfafUf1afJ1
QJ.ct "
Q..A
QJ
.ct
111J~Uf1afJ1 <I
.ct
!!a~Uaf1!f1afJ1lf0-3'U1-3
1. "011"U.I
Q.I
U,,~ 'iHnn
ll"~
Q/
HIt! (alloy steel) V1lJlffUH1U~Utlf)Cl1-.1'l~1J innu ll~ u fI'lBtlfl?llJmff"nt ..I", ...".'" l1~tJ -.1l1'J'fI'lJlJ~'YHf1'lJ f
" I
'jI
d'
Q.)
39
QI ~
mHlllJ~'l
'j)
2. 11nUtlUJ
....
-1-
unn.
171-2530
'GJf'ffll1rUU~~u~hu'l1'~~nu
if
£9
O111'V'llJfl11UflU l1lJlutH
_''''
m1lJ11il'V'llJfl11UflUVlH11ntl:;
~~
J~
h1lJ
1I.e:t
2.5
011n~fl11UflU
<l '" <l
<f
.,.,1
1)
"" ""
(completelydecarburization)'HlJ1UtH
'I
5/ ...
rm
_.I ~
<f .,
(~jtl~
"I
I <f
1)
decarburization) 111J1U(l~
.1
<f <f ""
0
m111"fl1'JUOUI'V'lU~'V'ltl'VI'VI1111In"HlIf)!VllJlutl1lJl1l'V1t1 C)j'~lJ IC)j'\9l fftl nu n 11lJl'H Vl'U!"11'\9l \9l1lJ\Jn 1I:;'VIl 'Hfl11lJlI'lI ~'VI c;JU H1'1.1 1ntl~ v~ ~ I d J A' d 1I"1I~c;Jln11fl11lJlI'IJ~111UV tnm: (~~\J'Yl 1)
'" I I <f
'15/
...
""
"I
<f
J ..
IIf
<f
""
51
J ...
2.8
_oj msumnu'"
<f "" .... d '" <f f)11n~fl11UV'U 'HlJ1U(l~ mllJ11i'Yl '0:; 'In}jlfl1'JUtlU
11I'UtllI~~"llff~~fl1 10 1'VI1'IJtI~fl\9l11ff1U 1:;1111~fl11lJlflU mlm:;1J "I vd a '" V & 111 Vfl11lJI flU 'VI~"u~m 1'J'J:;1J flUfl11lJI9l1UIIH~~'J:: 1J
QI
Q.I
91
-2-
lJtlf1.171-2530
fl1\1.~taj\ilt\fl1'hm\l. H1
= fl113Jin'tlfl-3l1li[l1\1.€1n
3. t'UJ1J9I't1HOa
...-
3.1 ffftfHfHHJ1
Q.I
'VIlJ~!nmJ1
!lft~ffftfHnftU1fffl-3'11N 1 5.
IV~.
~.~~
~fl-3lJfflJ1Jll'YlH
f)ftl1J'U'UmlJ1l1jH~ f)1'j'YI~ffV1J
-'-
-3-
lWfl.171-2530
.d
"'I
'
.d
2 U"~
.!
fl1'.i'Yl\91fftlU\911lJ'J1Unl'.iVl\91fftlU 'IJ d I~ ~ ff1'U 'J1 U m rn \91 eu n nnne ff111'j U'l1'U'Yl \91 erm "fl U\91.:.J'lJU tl n n 11'J o '" '" .ot .d~J'.d.., v V I J' .,I", ff111'.i U fffl ru n a U1V1lJWU VIm 1'1\91 1 N'IJ tl.:.Jmu U tl Ufl11WU VI'JU \91'IJ
I
0
Q.I~
nl
6'0
Q.I
'j}
UHlflU
'lJU1\91 naru
I
'"
N1U~WJflaH'J~1J";;; 111tlfl111HJ11
.., ~
o ~~------~---+--------------------~
•
4 lJ""llJ\91'j
~ ~
<3d
I)
.01
.d~ v mn ff'U
N1U!:J''UU'flClN'J~'4 Im::;f111lJU11~3 d
> 4 :n"i;llJ\91'j
----------------~----------------------~
-4-
J....,.
.,.oj
.oj.....oj
runn U 1fffH'UN
!II
'nvn" Vl
3.6
4.6
4.8
5.6
5.8
6.8
8.8
,!!!;; M16 >M161)
10.9
12.9
f111lJ~1'IJIL'H~-l, IlJn::V'flffti'1'I
.,
..
Rm
,
~lff~ ,
300 330 95
1 000 1 200 1 040 1 220 310 382 296 363 372 434 353 412
f111lJlI~-1inln
O{ ff2)
HV.
4
> 98 lb~'IJ
90 114
f111lJU~-1U11'IJm,2)
124 .209
147
152
181 238
I-IB, F = 3002
~lff~ ,
----~----~--_+----+---~~--4---_+----~--_+----~----~--~
HRC
20 23 27 31 38
HRB
52
67
71
79
82
89
HR
'" .d'" fl11lJU~~"N1,
fl11lJlfltmnfl3)
HRB
95
99
320
356
380
402
454
ReL,
8
UJn::l'l1 nti'"
RpO.2,
9
IlJn::'Vnnti'"
180 25 330
226 22 400
10
11
1 040 1 220 20 15
12 13
1 -HI 2
14
fl11lJ 1Irmu n1'HWl fl1 'lUO'IJ fflJ\I
.. J...
ltU5) ,G
.. ..I~ ".,
cd.
ijllallJm
0.015
'"
""
2) mU1Wfl11lJU'IJ~~llJlJl~1!lWHWlflW'Yl~m'l'l'l1nnlJ m,'I'lAffilUIl1t1mm::Lmmmn ltllJ 1 fll,'VlAt'l'il1Jfl11lJll'IJ~1mnmff ffl'l1'lUI'I1t1nm'll ItllJ 2 d tf iJ· I Q tf .j! .J fllHlfiffilUfl11lJll'IJ~U'Hutmffl'11nHl1t1flntll Utl::ltllJ 3 fll,'Vlfln'il1Jfl11lJU'IJ~10fln"tlfflmUl'I1t1nntlllfltl B Utl:; C lJl~,!lU1f1'IJ'Vluen. 244
""II. 0 II.J ~ I;> W ~
..::.
If.,
IV
:J.I -
IfllJ 1 ItllJ 2 llfl:;lfllJ 3 , .. .J~ ,.. , " ,~'" ".J ... 3) ,UWiru'VlllJlJfllfl11lJlflUfl,ln 'I11f1f11f111)J1flU'Vl~"tJOhll1m'YI'U .ct J..". .c:I ..o>t if \Ii v I" \IJ I 4) 'I11!f1lf1fltJ1'Y1lJlfl tlU1f1f1ilfi in fItJ 1m n'ill fl'l11fJ1llllfin,11 Iflll~f1il~ &lJ'I111flil€ln smnu
qJ u.i
"
5) ~ G
1UlU~1 ilseneu
:y:.
,,'
"l'n~l1
3 'ilt1fll'il1,Ht'fltJ fl
une
'\J
(;If) 3.2) ~
....
1
'lI'WffIJU~ 3.6,4.6 4.8,5.6 5.8,6.8 8.8,9.8 10.9 12~9 5.1 fll'l'llflffflUf111IJ.)lU UH~~7) 3.6,4.6 4.8,5.6 5.8,6.8 8.8,9.8 10.9 12.9
....
T6'1lV1ffflU
. 5.2 fl1'5'11YlffflUf11111~1'W
"
...
l\n
! ~1q'f1
,
1'1
IJII~~ ~htl~l)
4
5 1'1
IJIL~~ \1~tlV1
0.3 mn'lfltHllJfl11IJU~~2)
lIft~
6 7
"
.--+--',r---
-8---
-1'1< ~lJ!fl'U~~";-Rpo:2I'llt¥l-
lJ'"
-fn~-'YIV1a'-fl'lJfl:)l)Jl'll'W -IlH~~
'j/
... _---
5.2
III
.. fll'5'1lHfffllJfl11lJl'llU
• •• • • • ••
•
••
0
•• •
0 0
...
-"-~.~
_ _._---_._
..
5.5
fll'l'YIflffflUf1111Jf11'W . IlltJMfll'l~4U~IJ
.5)
•
5.7
•• ••
0 0 0
fl1'l'YIV1ffflUm11l1l'IJ~ILH 'IJtH'I11
"
14
t.
15
'" ~
. .
• •
0 0
.c:t. .<::to
5.8
fll'j'YI~fffllJmHlflfl11 unu
• •
0
l11J1EJl'l1'l 1) rI~fllflfltl
....0::::11
')" ~~ ~ Il~1un-.,or~t:'.'ft\lm ,.... " .I 1'1" H 1'l'W iJlJfl11ff1'W'Illu'Wlfl atn i~(iiJfllfi11~~L~')1fl;flflfff,1'f'Wlfl~er\',,-vfl--if::-ll-------'-"''II~ llYl()~'I1l'lff()lJfl11lJ~11'WLI HiN
--'--·'·---2-)-f1--'-ll-fl-'-l1J-l--1I~-~-n~Il'l.vfllmllJlL~~1fllfiv1ff--ti~~~';;-ill11V'JiJflL1Mf
1 I"
~..
fm::ltJ~~
'"lI ~ .. q
~
y~...t.
jI I ~
4) I'ilYll::ff~ ~1fl~1J,) 'I11j~lflftlJl lIa::fI'''flIflftlJlfffl~''1~'I'1lJ1ffUN1U,!!uvnnH'l:;1J 5) mV41::<i\ tylJU~ 5.6 1'\'ll'W'W .. .. .I.. " '" 6) IUvn~tTi nlflftIJ1U-a::l1llfllfl~1J1'1111lff'WNlut!lllJfln,.n::1J ~
r:
~ 16 lJMllJYI~H'I11'W'W ua::/l1Hl~llJfl')llJ~iJ~fll~'IJiJ~I',j'lln
.."
:.
.<!t
iI
.. .. " 16 lJMlll"mft::lJmllJIJ11Unmfl'W
"" 7) m1'1fflU
unn,
171-2530
4.1
.,., of ffqJ?lfl£!ill
i,,1
ffty" mHU
....
OJ
4.6 4.6
4.8 4.8
5.6 5.6
5.8 5.8
6.8
8.8
9.8 9.8
6.8' 8.8
fll 'J'VIlffqJ ft fl £!ill 'VI f" ru fl ft tJ 1 '111'11ru '11fttJ lJU?l~ 'I1~~!fl" f .J '11m '11" £I u
I I ~ Q.J ~
4.2.1
ffft fll fl?l £I 1'111 'I1fl1'11M lJU ft:,>; 'I1lJ~! fl" £I 1 '111'I1fl1'11" £I u • .,., of.oj ., .J' 'j::; 1.J ffty ft fl£! ill u ~'1U (1) (2)
Q.J
Q.I
Q.J
'VI fJ'I ~
.c:t31
lJ'11UfflJU~
~t
8.8 'IlU
.x i,,1
4.2.2
lilffW,hw~rUrfflm'l'J:'>;1J ~'1!l~ 5 iJ?I~!lJ~1;uitl d'"d Q..I.e:I w d ~ ffqJ ?lfl£! ill 'VI ::; lJUlJ nnru n ft tJ1 '111'I1fl !'11fttJlJUft~ 'I1l.J~1 fl?l £11 1
~
1umnnu
0
fl.
4.2.3
fl11'V1lfftyftfl£!ill
0",.,
of
0
'JfJtJ?I'I
1~ urn
"1~1:J U '111
'"
"
-5-
unn. 171-2530
il'Yl 2 d
.., I ~.d '" .,j.., .,J I'llern ~m 1'Yl Ten\! a flll ru n ffa ru fHHJ1 111nn 111 lJ lUI
0 ... '"
lIa~11lJlllflatlTH1l1fl1lHHJ
Q.,
..
lJ
(1)
(
~,r'WfflJU~~~II~
.. W
I ~
8.8
~'W't!
t I ..... J' "It! 91~II91 5 lJrlrlllJ911'U'W!
2)
lJlff'WN1'W~\'WflaHl:;1J
4.3.2
rJ
..j
'I
fl.
"'!
'"
l~fJm5ffcrfli~lrJu5t1fJrI~'U ~~~lmh~iulu~
4.3.4
c '" .. '"
3
9WoI
01 ~
ffl'11ml1~~! fl" U1111l1qlJ 11m'I1'flUlJ'U'W1~1 til'il'il:; 1'l1 ffty fI flllru flfl IIUUl1Uli1~'Wlwm911lJ ISO 89812 1I11'W'~
..j
-6-
unn.
171-2530
I II
~ __ ..L.J
II
17."9
liJ'VI
.J
3 19l1DtlNf)11Y11ffty
..,
.,.,
..
f:H111ill'Yl11l!W1LfHHJl111mllJl1ntlHHJlJ
~.,
(.uti
(I
Q..J (V
4.3.3)
4.4
aflllill'VIffamfH'ltl
cf~
I Q.I ~
j)
4.4.1
ru n (;ltI 1 fft!
w
.Q
iJ'If'UfflJ1J1i">1L1~
3J I tf
8.8
~'U"liJ
~
Q.I
lJLff'UH1'Ui:r'Utlflm>1'J~1J
19l>1L119l lJ(;l(;lLlJl9l'j'IJ'U 5
i'"uI
0
4.4.2
w ~I"I' I J I9lD>1Lu'Uul'11lJ'VIflll1'UWI
'lumnuu m
4.4.3
fl.
4.4.4
~tJ~ 4
I'llBU1>1f11'j'l'ha-ty
rl'f)'hlru~ffrl'f)L 4.4.3)
f)
au
lfftJ-l'1l\l
(.uD
-7-
unn.
-.._
(oUfl 4.4.4)
o
4.5
8.8
9.8
10.9
12.9
+0
(5) (6)
(7)
" 0
Q.I
~J}o""
do
l1"jfllf1"jfl~l1lJltJnl"jfll
...
'"
~11"j~ lfl'Yllln::: uuu ~d"ll'll'fllEJll1VJu'J:;I'Ylfl' l1V~lJfll1lJl1lJltJl1'J~mJflllJl'" '" I '" ~ 1W1HU'Yl 1l'lJl~I'1U ml1U~
I. o J}" J}
j 111l1lJ nu II r,y~
1nun d
5.
n11n~UHl1J
-8-
lJDf1.171-2530
f11'1 'UWit f1Wl 'VI f11'U 'I1"JtlI f1 nu 1l'l1'U Dm U'I1'Uau u'WI mlfn 'U'U I9ltl.:JllJ'U1Wl 5.1.2
",.01 ~ II) I
~"
~ I 91
_~
U191 '111
Q.I
l1iflltna!
" _a,dQ/ I <j}
~'Ul'l"JUUHtfl'U
fll'Ula! As .;
0,
1IJ3J
lWl~lf1t1'\9l'l d2 +d3 2
)2
7!_ (
4 .it IlJD A d
s
! 'Um'Jl.:JlJllCHlJm
1:1
"" ""
Iiltl nVw-h'UfJ'Uuf1nuViI9l';'UtI.:Jlf1fhn
11:I'Uiintl!lJm
d3 5.1.3
... '"
ti tI
'"
U'j.:J~.:JtI'U\P1lJ:; UH~.:J
tensile
.,I
""
, ~ 1:1
m
'U lumlJI9lUl.:Jl'l
6 Un:::;I9lUHl'l
5.2.1
<1f'Ul'lWlffDU
"
-9-
uen.
171-2530
I--
.. .. ..
., ., o o o " .., o " " ., e 8 " " 88 8 " " " ., " ., '" e .., ., <> ~ ... ~ " " c e c .., ., ., o o ., .., ., ., o " " ., " ., c ., c c "' " o .., " " " " '" " " " o " " :i """""" "" "' '" " ., o o o e '" ., ., '"
..
.,
..
.. :i ..
c o
....
00
..
00
..
....
..
t-
::
c c e
0'
"" ..
I-..; "
., ., '" ...
., ., ""
o o
::g8gg
;::
I--
.. " ..
0' 0'
" " :;
:il "
'"
:~
.. ..
.. "
0'
c c
0'
"
0'
0'
" '"
"
o
0'
" i2
'C'
, ea
...
.. ,"'
" ~ ,~
c:
'"
..
.. .. ..
"""
..
" ..~
..
., "
-10-
)..-
lHln.171-2530
o o
c o o
o o
o o
..
o e
::!
""
Q
~
s~
~t--~
0 0 ~
gg:8gg88g
0 0 0
..
0
~~~~ .~ : ; ~ ~ ~ ; go:
0 ~~ 0 ~ 0 0
.i'_:~_~~~~i-~~i-~§~~~~·~~~~~~~:~~~~_~~~"~~'o~~~~
c
""
c c
~ '~~~~~:~-~~-=:1-~:~~:~~i~~;~
§
.~'_"~--"i--"i--"i--,,~~,,~-:~-:~~:~~:~-,,~~:~~:~~,,Y 8~ 8ggg88g
~~~~~:i~Q;,gC>l~
c o
~~
c
0
s:~
"o "
o o o
" :;;
c o
~, g
g :;
s
~ ;::
"oecoco "coooo " " " '" " : ;g '" " "o c o o o " " """o " " '" "
Q
'" "
-11-
min.
5.2.1.1
171-2530
,....-~
I
-
So
- 1--~ '---
If; ~
~
VJ
--
.~
Lo Lt
..iI UJB d
"'!
flB lffW.J1UtJ1HJnm~'i:;1J
... d'':
iV'
d'
do flt) lffUf.llUtJUtJmn~'lJB~'I1Ul'l'1ffBU
"'!
(do
< lffUH1UfJUtJ
iV'
d'
...
"'!
fHlHU tlU'IJrH!n~tJl)
flB fll11JtJlllfl~tJl
..
(b~d)
Lo fiB
-.ISo)
.,j:'1
oJ
-.!
Lc flt) fllllJElll'IJB~fflUl'lluUlffU91H
t ~
fll11JElnl'l~l1lJ'1'IJB~'I1U'VIl1ffBU
+ 2R +
b)
-12-
unn.
171-2530
5.2.2
.",,01
""
Rm ReL t1'jfJf111lJtflU'Yl~~U~fI11'i
'" ~.,I '"
RpO.2
f111lJU~ml-l'iJlfl'll1~
:;
'"
..,
Lu --=--!'o x 1 00 Lo
'"
La l1'fl-3'iJlfl'lll~
..,
fiv
v'So)
-13-
uen.
171-2530
o:l
<I'
""
<I'
<I'
t'Hug1J~~llJ
"i
.. "'..;'" !un HI.! l'llJihym o:l ..I", 5.3.2 fl11lJlI'IJ~l1N1 i'H''I1'J1'HUflfl~ 1'Hf'ltJlJ9r ~fnU ~
JiVI
5.4.2
"'''' 1tiVl~fftl1J
'"
...
'"
'i
'I'"
_l
..;
""
'"
'"
I...
<I'
...
Uth-llfl ~ U1 LlfI:;fl~m I
' ' ~I
11u'Ul1f'11 15 1'U1Vl
... '"
"
"
-14-
uen.
'UW:;V1~ff()1J ml'nl'l1 1'Uf)1'J~~~fh'lllJlfl'U
IV
171-2530
I ~
Q!:J
oI!S
ij}
lit
I~
3 lJ"Cl"ClllJ11111t)'U1'Vl i~UlflwctfmllJ
.Q.c.t.
umu
±5
"I
<I'
i IlJ ft'JllJ111
.. ~ ~
1'111 'WlumlJfll'JHl1
"1.1
..1
l un
...I.d,
(~fJ 5.4)
-15-
usn. 171'-2530
'" " - ..
o o
" "
c o c o "o " " " "~" " <> "8 " ., " " """8 " '" eo ~ ~ '" " " '" ". ~ " " " " "" ~" " " ~~" 8 " "" " " c '" :2 " o " " " "
..
..
..
..
..
""" " .... '" ~ " ". " '" " . .. " .. .. " " " " " " g ~" " " "" " ~ .". " .~ .. "
e <>
<0
o o
"
.. ". .
.. ..
o e
.. "
o
'" "
" '"
.. ". .
c <>
., "" """
o
'"
., " .. .. " ..
o
.". "
: o """"oc" "" ""8 " :: " '" " : :::: " ., "' '" '"
c
" ..
o
"
..
..
" " "g "" " " " e "e "" " "
..
..
"
"
'" "
o
"
·r
'"
.. ..
'" "
-16-
unn. 171-2530
:.
I--
~
o o
o o
o c
..
o
'0
o o
'" '" .,
'0
c»
o o
"
'"
'"
»<.
(ii;:
o:;l
1I~
8~~a;.q:::""0>
(CO
aa
--'"
~~ I--gct~:+-:~+~8+~~:-+-:'-.~g:-t..:::-+..:~:-t-~~~+::54-=Z+'::;+'::i:-i
11(CO C
"';:t
o:;l
I-I-I--
.,
'0
" .,
'0
'0
'" '"
;;;
.,
'0
~ '(co> a;::
., '" "
'0
'"
'0 '0
"
o o
.<;:;;
aa
If'"
'"
'0
:::
o c o
'0
'0
"
o·
-17-
lHHl.171-2530
'" 5. 5 mllJ~l'Ufl1
5.5.1
(hardened
d 1'Ul\9l
I .,I I '" ..,.!\, '" ... "',~ mn mu I/)!~~;:; tl mmnu nrnu 'H'jfJIn '" 1m'U tin U'U1n'" M M
:2
/f<L<C,4._-
Rw
fl1111U~.:I~1'iil4S HRC
1'"
('Ii'tI 5.5.1)
-18-
uen.
171-2530
(""
.,
1""
.•
1;:1
1:;::
-::l N
or
co
cO
.0
0 ...
....
V
(""
r- ., ., ;:> ., 1""
r--
S'" ;::l
;::;I
;;
;::;I'
l~
;l rr
\<:
;l
:;; 'c
1;:1
..
"iF'
+1
1:l
(!:
... .; ...
'"
"'!
~ '" 0 "'~ co a[
.-< 00
"'~
00
oo~
'",
....
;::;I ;::;I'
''''' \C
1"" C
GO
'" ""
.,;
-ate
;:i
r-
.,
":j
.... a[
C<
'",
0'"
c;:
r;::
i?
".--,
,...,
;;
H
'"
(""
;::;I'
(\\
SO;:
;l
'"
>D >D
,...,
0
-v~
r~ r"7
r.::> "'iF
:::
;::l ;::;I
\C "1Fo
;:J
a[
CD
.,; '"
...~
'" -s
0 ....
0.
..._"
''''' \C
"c
1;::;1
r-
""111=
... a[ .; ~ eo ~
'"
;:::
'0
....
0",
Ii:
""
0;:
O'!
qZ
q;:::
(C
....
eo
<: ....
~ ....
.,.
'-'
;:>. ;:::
qZ q;:::
(C
GO
'" 0
~
0
~ ....
'"
:;;
;:::
qZ
(C
""
GO
.~
-i
;l
1>:>
;l
;l
q;:::
""""
-~
qC
;l
0 C<
1C:
fC:
'7
'"
'"
;l q<;;;
....
C<
;:t q<;;;
6<;;;
;l
-19-
uen.
171~2530
.x
"'I
~ulu
LUl"n:::ffrln
....
J~
'JI
..
'"
1,"U~U~11l1lJlJ1m!lU
o:l 'JI I
IV
Hf1I1lDwcrf
m1'Yl~ffflUIl1'flnl!a:::Il1'flnncn
d"~o
Q/
rau 8 m'iVlflffflU
U
==
'1J
1~ J ~UG)f'UVlflfffllJl1lfl~1H'lf~nUN11"lJlJln'Ylq'~
Q.I ~ ~
1J111l'i!lUI'fl'IJ'Yl 1I'fl:::
mn 'i11::: 1 eainnrum
... 1
~
Q.I
"
uUJfl1'i1~1::: ~TU'YI'lf"nUH11'tlJ
Q Q.o'
11)
iI..::!I~
I QJ' ~ ~
iii
Q.o'
'JI
lI)l
,,! IlJ
'JI
.... "" "'I "".,J"" d 'JI ff'flmn 'flU1111fl 't1lJmn au 1V1l1fl11lJU11VWll'iJ:::l1ml'UUfl11lJ\1llU 'JI ..! 'JI o:l., 'JI I 'JI"'I mu111lmse aua1J'~ m'il11I9lffUUfl11lJll'\J~Il'l ~'lJD~"11'" 1111l1't1t1DH'fl
m 'i VII9l ffUU fl11lJI1l1Ufll U1l1lflll::: l Umn il'U In WCY) 111" rru
'j)
fj}
~0,1
'"
1.~
mun
.J
1 HIU ~£J
~20~
nun.
171 ~2530
CU.~~R~fl1"1\Jfl fjtfl£hU.nnn11
10
m111"''I-I.1'tJEl\J~~,",'YlflflEltJ 2d
..
"
.~nnn'11
(,j'fJ t
, fll'Uf),,'llUJ
1
fJ
5.7.1)
.....
3.6 14.615.6 60
0
4.815.816.818.819.8110.9112.9 80
0
)Ju fJ ~
1 'lim 1 'ilfffJU
iflHff'il>3'i1l1fllfl ~
U111W E
!tn~ G
• (~lU~1))
~21~
lHH1. 171~2530
5.8.1.1
fl1'H9I'HllJ'lI''UVI~HH)lJ
..
., ""
'J/
'i"
'"
(2) (3)'
V ~~'Ul'l"ffflU~lt1Uln
!lCl~'li'~r,hhrl~tlu
,r1J'Yij'ilViCllff91m1~tl II~l!~tI'J~1'U
t11~'Ul'l"ff'ilU1Ut1"~'Ujfltl
(etching)
~lt1fflHltfl1t1
100 ffl'U)
cif-lI~Uff1'JCI~CllUm)Jl~lhHi'uml'i1ffflU
n nu
5.8.1.2
....
mHlV'U
l1il1~ffflU
IIlJUICI'Uff (eyepiece)
'"
"" mnnen
1'lHClUff'YIlJffLnClUflm~tI~
I
v ~I uanuuu
I
'J/
.,:""""
MHHJ~lt1
IV
"
-22~
unn. 171-2530
(.oa
5.8.1)
(~I ",,,jJ'I"'"
nnrinn
I tf '" J"j tf tf:) IlJfflJ\I'JW u (I:; lJ'lLdW'YllJfl1 Hlflfll sunu fflJ \I'l W d "~ v .d ~ ~ (1) ltil~f111lJl!'IJ-lU I')j'l~l'ill"n:;nlJ"lI'U-llUVllmHJllJ'J:;U:;
~~ QJ ~ Q.I ~
Vl~';~-ll!~ 1.25 lil:l~llJ~'j~U"lu .IJ ()1""'~.d 2 'I11~f111lJll'IJ-lVl~~ ~~ 2 1l1:l:;~~3 1911lJlu'l'l lLfl:; 1 10 "j m'lHVl 12
I
1 ,j.1o
"
~U "lI'Ul'l1Unnf1300 f)'jlJ
Q.I'
"
-23-
uen.
171-2530
Q "'" ~ d ~ 1 1 01'" 1 fI11lJl!'lJ.:J1f)ln'€J'H"'Vl~~ 'i):::lJfl1I'Y11nUl1'J'€JlJ1flfl11fl11lJ 2 cl ... ~d :v ~J~I IJ l!'lJ>l1mn'fl'H"'Vl'il~ ftUmrJ 30 11"::: 'Ufl'HlJ'YIlu'UI'lf'U'U 1 'J:::rJ:::
(4)
:v
~li':V
'1
I~o
,(6)
fl11lJl!'IJnflln'fl'Jn'V1'il~ 3 'i):lJfl1mlflUl1'Jtl'U'€JtJfl11f111lJ • :v Q", ~J :v IJ I~ U'U-nfllflfl'Jn'Vl'i)~ 1 U1n~1U 30 nunnn nuuae rnu • ..: ~ J", '" .I flU !'V'IlJm'j"Utl'U'VlN1!fl~'IJ'U I ... J~ ~ ~.J '1 J mfl11lJftfl'YIlJfl1'Jft~m'JUfJ'UfflJ\!'HlJ1'lfl1l1'U~ 'U~1'Jl>l'Vl1 II] 1 II] ~ ... ~ J !lJV1'i)~'j"1'i)ffOU!~L~U1~'U
0
cl ..
~J
~I
10I"':V
...
w
HV2;<a HV, ~ 30 HV311!$ HV, + 30
I MUlt11
ruVi
I
Q.I
Q.I'
d'
-24-
uen.
171-2530
..
..;
... ...
M
oi
;,; ...
e-
.,
;:;
"'!
;:0::
0<
'"
eo
'"
..
<i
'" ~ ~ ...; c;
0
eo>
'" ....
<i
'"
"'!
'"
'" '" '" -:
'"
eo eo
"'
'"
.a
aa
:r:
-IS:
~ r .--
"7
~ ~
r,:l
ex>
.0
...... ""11:;;::
C',J
"or '-"
co '" c; '" ~ '" ;;: ., ., '" c; c; "' '" ... c; 0 ., ... '" '" ... '" "'! '" '" 0 0 0 '" ... :;; e '" ... '" 0 '" '" 0 0 ... :g .,. '" '" '" 0 ... 0 0 0 '" ~ '" '"
... ::: e-
.,
t-
e-
c>
':
0
Ii=
.--
'7 .-.,..
.,. '"
0
CO
<>
., ., .,. ... :: '" '" '" 0 -: '" '" ., 0 0 0 ... .., 1; 0 '" '" '" '" '" 0 000
e0
eo ~~ ~ '" 0 c 0
" ""
-s >"
00
." ;
~ '" e
:; :;
co
'«
'"
'"
<i
I'" ;:l
~ '" l~
>'..
., '"
;1
.. s
" 'g e;
VI r.
e,
:r:
'''' >.:.I
(G
-0",
'" ~
r..
" "
-25-
uen.
171-2530
l1"INUlfl fl.
nan'lflilW
..,..,
..
If
iI
""
~I
..,,,,
...
0/
(AS)
IfJU~fJUll:; 2~1
iI "" 'U 100 'lJfJ..:jfl11lJfll'UIIH~..:j':i:;1.J I
n.e
ffqJi;rnljWlh:;nfJU,l1U~1111'll
iI 11l'll'l1U1~~ uff~..:jfl1 1
Q.I
n.2.1 n.2.2
"1
I
t ..roC!"... 1 Hi:lt;!W'IJtl'lfl1111'll'YI~fffJ.:j1.!lJfI11'YIlnUU 10 1
0/
li:l'IJ'I111..:j~~ llff~..:jfll 10 IVll'llfJ..:jtlmln1'U':i:;l111.:jfl11lJlflUfl'llfi ... iI oC! ... iI ... ':i:;1.Jl1':itlmun tl'UVI~~u~'m 1n:;1J numru muu '.i ..:j~.:j':i:; 1J
0/
Q,I..J
1I
'IItl'lfl11lJlflUfl'lln
iI
~I
0/
11'jtlfl11lJlflUVI~~U~m1HI1"l'~
iI
J...
lIi:l:;mllJm'UltH
~ •
iI
I;j,Q
9J
..:!I"'
-26-
~--
unn.
171-2530
-~ .....
0
'"
'"
0
'" ....
eo
."i
<0
r-g
......
'"
rr-g
0
4C
;:>
Q
"
.....
0 0
a.
cD
<Xl
"'''
ro <0
0
'"
<Xl
a"
i? ;;:::I
;;::l
a~ .,..
-.-;
c
I;:l
~o ....
'"
00
rO r0 0
'"
.,;
~ ~ ...
."
.....
c;:
"or>
'-'
'"
~o
...
0
~ ...
..; '"
tc;:
"7
"7
11:;;::
.-.,..
"7
rg
>Is:
;I r-:
=
0.:
Q
0 0
.....
x
.-Ii:
.~
'" ....
(C )I:;
;:l
00
,... ~
0.:
..
;:i
'"
.....
(>I
......
..... '"
c;: )t;"
co
.....
0(>1 -~ (>1(>1
0 CO)
~ ~~
..... ("'
c;::_
..
.....
~
'II""
8.
E
-.g:
r
"'~
'IIC;:
"7
" * ""
"7
<£ c-
·t
;:>
;::
'(c
I;> "7
c:
..
,.,
..J
!::
"';;:
;:l r-: <;:
~=>
;:l <;:
(J;
'" .....
Q
""" ,j:;
;:l
.. ..
aa
')I:;
"7
,.,
"7
'(to
aQ
r c;:
.....
')c
r .~
,;c;
,., r (C
I;>'
"'<0:
;I
.. .. *~ "" ,...
0.:" C 'IIC;:
"7 "7
0.:
!!::
;i
r-:
-27-
unn. 171-2530
ftlflNU1fl
'U.
'IJ.1
'I
91.
'"
'"
..I,
91
I 91
91
"'l
It..,
J•
1 J 'U19I15H'Yl 'U.l
1111 U u
1:1 ,.
91
91~..,
910
,-28-
~nnnl'1.1.1 IlH'1nnm
(;)V
'11.1 Uf1::;;)V '11.2)
~"' ~lnfl'IJtl1d-:nnh-:; (rn,llfl'll:::t!'YIflfftlU fltlU'I'l14!fllJ
.01
<l!)J
~Ul'I1lJiJiltJt1mh il~fjlI9HH~tJff
1)
(check analysisj)
0.20 0.55
0.05 0.05
0.06 0.06
5.6
0.55 0.05 0.06
8.8 '
e:
d~
II.'
C\
('
1'lI\~
1UHllJ
0.15 0.35 0.04 0.05 425
'IIUI!~4I1f1:C;flU~II.r1
0.25
0.55
0.04
0.05
0.15
0.35
0.04
0.05
410
0.25
0.55
0.04
0.05
410
0.35
0.04
0.05
340
1-i1il---------------I----+----I
10.9';) lH~flfH'lm{Uil\HhtJfHn~liu.rll~lJ
(l'I1U
'llUI!~1!U'1~
0.20')
0.55
1 U1 eu
l11il
IIlJ ~tll
U ffl110
lfl'lliJtJlJ)
-----------------+---+----+---~---_4-------~
0.20 0.20 0.55 0.50
I
0.035 0.035
v
'I1lJlfJ!H'l
1)
1..,..1
frH,HHJ'lJil4fll1lJtl'IJ11tllflil1ff'YIilllll~1 ~lf)'"h'lUll1lJiJil1J~lI~rl~lq'fl~rlll1UIl1
d""::!.
tldl
lrJ;;l
il'~'Iil~ff(lnlmltJl'YIll1ffilU
Il.,.r.t
,.y,,-,~...J
JC>
10 01ftll'b'illoJltJffl1hlllill
u.'
20 HV
2)
<=t
n n i:llllfl~l
~J
(J (tree
CUll
ing 'IL'''!)
'YIllff1UU,:;:
.c::ld
tlil'U'YINlflUIl4U
A' 0.35
0.34
YltlffYlflrff11J!nll~(HJi'I:; M 20
0.11
II(l~fl:;:fh'llllilufMJi'I:;
Q " ,:; ~
3) 1)
lHlflfflmn'YI1J'lJ'ln'1 m~tltlii'll~iJ
"
,.j"
'jmynTl
I
10.9
IYIfl l1llfl,lllH'IJ~!Wfnl'W
...
1""
"'"
Ji'iJ4ud,ut),:;niJu'lJil11mlutJu
~ ~..
llliiu~u)J
l1"1illlllH~(JlJ
~flllfUWllUU'IJ~I'VHJWIiJ
u.J
ii'lfll{um~
.r.'i
~l~iJ1m
I I
1ffr141J11!'YIul'b'.f Ollll'lf~Ull1IJlJt)lHlll\lll
~
ftU
i.1'i{tylltl}JW'lJfl1,j\J
(l'lJu1;
"-'
..J~
IUUl4Ul:::rYlfj
ilTrllllfl"llUfl\nltlm,JmJ
:V
-=
425 iJ1f111'b'm'b'tJff
~
~'G,d
;~mtlWl1i'1tln1'l)flWUilllll1l
:o.!