CHAPTER 1 : RESPIRATION

1.1 HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM : a)Identify the structure of the human respiratory system and human lung b)Describe the process of inhalation & exhalation due to breathing mechanism c) Relate the changes of air pressure in the thoracic cavity to inhalation and exhalation.
PREPARED BY :KHAIRIN KHAIRUDIN

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

INHALATION
Ribs go upward and out ward Diaphragm contact and flatten Volume of thoracic cavity increase Air pressure inside the lung decrease Air enter the lung

EXHALATION
Ribs go _______and __________ Diaphragm ________and ___________ Volume of thoracic cavity __________ Air pressure inside the lung _________ Air ________ the lung

1.2 TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN IN THE HUMAN BODY

a) Describe the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli into the blood capillaries b) Describe the transport of oxygen by blood c) Describe the diffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into the cells

Characteristics of the alveolus

1.There s a lot of alveolus (millions) 2.One cell thick wall 3.A moisture 4.Covered by a network of blood capillaries

1. When we inhale, oxygen is in high concentration at alveolus compare to the blood capillaries. 2. Oxygen dissolve and diffuse into blood capillaries . The movement of oxygen is from high concentration area to low concentration area. 3. Inside the blood capillaries, there are red blood cell which contain haemoglobin . 4. Oxgen + haemoglobin oxyhaemoglobin 5. Transportation of blood happen throughout the body 6. When the blood reaches the tissues,oxyhaemoglobin is broken down and oxygen is released 7. At the same time,carbon dioxide from the cells will diffuses into blood capillaries to be carried back to the lung.

1.3 : THE IMPORTANCE OF A HEALTHY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

a) List the substances which are harmful to the respiratory system b) Explain the effects of pollutants on the respiratory system c) List the diseases that affect the respiratory system d) Practise good habits to improve the quality of air