Experiment 1

LOGIC GATES
OBJECTIVE
The student will become familiar using the following: a. b. c. d. Prototyping board (breadboard) Digital ICs Reading a schematic diagram Wiring a circuit

Study the logical operations of Logic Gates NOT Gate. This is also known as the Inverter. The output is high when both inputs are low. The output is low when one or both inputs are high. AND Gate. This gate performs logical multiplication commonly known as the AND function. The output is high when both the inputs are high. The output is low level when any one of the inputs is low. OR Gate. The gate performs a logical addition commonly known as the OR function. The output is high when any one of the inputs is high. The output is low level when both the inputs are low.

EQUIPMENT
Prototyping board (breadboard) DC Power Supply 5V or 9V Battery Light Emitting Diode (LED) (3) Solid-core wire (gauge 22, 1 meter long) Digital ICs: 7404 Hex Inverter 7408 Quad AND 7432 Quad OR

PROCEDURE
The Prototyping Board Prototyping boards are rows of connectors wired together behind a plastic face. Things you can stick into the little holes of prototyping boards include: wire (22 gauge solid-core is typical) resistor leads (1/4 or 1/8 Watt is typical) leads for transistors, capacitors, diodes, etc. ICs (the hole spacing is made for DIP [dual-inline package]chips)
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Figure 1. The Prototyping Board (or Breadboard)

Figure 2. Wiring Connection of Prototyping Board

Isolating the half-part of the board (see Figure 2), you will see the wiring connections of the holes. The lower part which consists of two rows is connected horizontally while the upper part is connected vertically.

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NOT GATE
1. Assign lines for the + and terminals of your breadboard. Cut two (2) sufficient lengths (around 10 cm) of wire and insert these to the breadboard. These will serve as lines to power supply as you apply the battery. 2. Snugly fit 7404 at the center of the breadboard separating the two sets of the 7 side pins of the IC. 3. Connect pin 7 (ground) by a wire to terminal line of the breadboard; pin 14 (Vcc) to the + terminal line. 4. Cut enough length of wire that can be adjustably connected to + and terminal lines of the breadboard. Insert the first end of the wire at the hole connected on pin 1 and the other end at + terminal line of the breadboard.

Figure 3. Hex Inverter PIN Diagram

5. Insert the longer pin of the LED to the hole connected to pin 2 and the shorter pin to terminal line of the prototyping board.

Figure 4. LED Symbol Figure 5. Light Emitting Diode (LED) Terminals

6. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED? Did it light? __________________________________________________________________ 7. Remove the wire connecting pin 1 to + terminal. Change it to pin1 to terminal line. What was the output in the LED? Did it light? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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8. Based from your observation, fill up the following truth table. Use 0 to show low input/output signal; 1 to show high input/output signal. INPUT (x) 0 1 OUTPUT (y)

Table 1

9. Draw the schematic symbol of an NOT with x as the input and y as the output.

10. How many INVERTER do we have in an 7404 HEX inverter? ___________ 11. Identify the INPUTs and OUTPUTs pin number of the 7404 HEX INVERTER from the given table INPUT OUTPUT PIN PIN

Table 2

AND GATE
12. Snugly fit 7408 at the center of the prototyping board separating the two sets of the 7 side pins of the IC. 13. Connect pin 7 (ground) to terminal line of the prototyping board by a piece of wire; pin 14 (Vcc) to the + terminal line. 14. Cut enough length of wire (2 lengths) that can be adjustably connected to + and terminal lines of the prototyping board. Insert the first length of the wire at the hole connected on pin 1; the second length at pin 2. Connect both wire ends at the + terminal line of the prototyping board.
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Figure 6. Quad AND PIN

15. Insert the longer pin of the LED to the hole connected to pin 3 and the shorter pin to terminal line of the prototyping board. 16. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED? Did it light? _____________________________________________________________ 17. Make input alternate combinations for pin 1 and 2: one connected to + terminal line and the other to negative terminal. You should make four input combinations in all. Everytime you connect the input pins (1 or 2) to + terminal, code this as HIGH or 1; LOW or 0 if connected to negative terminal. Tabulate the output of the LED. INPUTS Pin 1 Pin2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
Table 3

OUTPUT (Pin 3)

18. Draw the schematic symbol of an AND gate with x and y as inputs and z as the output.

19. How many AND gates do we have in an 7408? ___________ 20. Identify the INPUTs and OUTPUTs pin number of the 7408 quad 2-input AND gate from the given table: INPUT PIN OUTPUT PIN

Table 4

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OR GATE
21. Snugly fit 7432 at the center of the prototyping board separating the two sets of the 7 side pins of the IC. 22. Repeat step 13 through 15 23. Connect the battery to the prototyping board. What was the output in the LED? Did it light? _________________________________ 24. Repeat step 17. INPUTS Pin 1 Pin2 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 OUTPUT (Pin 3)

Table 5

25. Draw the schematic symbol of an OR gate with x and y as inputs and z as the output.

Figure 7. Quad OR PIN Diagram

26. How many OR gate do we have in an 7432? ___________ 27. Identify the INPUTs and OUTPUTs pin number of the 7432 quad 2-input AND gate from the given table: INPUT OUTPUT PIN PIN

Table 6

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28. Based from the results of the experiment, what general rule can you apply for NOT _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ AND GATE _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ OR GATE _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Concept by: JERRY C. ESPERANZA Copyright 2009

http://ThrivingAndLiving.blogspot.com

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