Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TEACHING NOTES
ON
RELAYS
1. INTRODUCTION 04
2. Axle Counter 04
3. Components of the system 04
4. Basic function 07
5. Installation procedure. 08
6. Cable connection 11
7. Power Supply Arrangements. 12
8. Initial adjustment and commissioning 14
9. Adjustment of wheel dip 14
10. Testing of the system working 18
11. Typical failure and trouble shooting 22
12. Isolation of defective card 25
13. Input and output voltages of each card 26
14. Universal axle counter 31
7. RELAY:
A relay is an electromagnetic device, which is used to open or close electrical
circuits. It is so called because it relays information from one circuit to
another circuit.
CLASSIFICATION OF RELAYS:
Relays may be classified into various ways depending upon the following
factors.
1. Type of mounting – Shelf type and plug in type.
2. Supply used – DC relay and AC relay
3. Contact arrangement - Proved and non-proved.
4. Application – Track relay, Line relay and special relays.
DC RELAYS:
DC Relay works on DC current.
DC NEUTRAL RELAY: A neutral relay is one which operates irrespective of
direction of current,. It is so called because it is magnetically neutral.
DC SHELF TYPE RELAY: (As shown in fig.)
PRINCIPLE OF WORKING: DC neutral relay works on electromagnetic
principle. Each relay has two coils, core, Yoke, armature contacts and
binding post.
When current is applied through the coil, it sets up magnetic flux through the
core, yoke and armature. This flux causes armature to get attracted towards
the pole face. Armature picks up and front contact closes. When current is
interrupted magnetic flux collapses causing armature to drop due to its gravity
and front contact opens.
PLUG IN TYPE RELAY: Plug in type relays, which are plugged into prewired
terminal board. The relay may be proved type (metal to metal) and non-
proved type (metal to carbon)
USAGE: The relays are used to control signaling circuit and signalling
apparatuses. The relay also protects the signaling equipment.
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IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS:
4. Front Contact: That contact which is made with the arm contact when
the relay is energized.
% Release = DA X 100
PU
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T/Ckt. length
11. ACI biased DC QBAT 2F.2B 1.75 v 9 ohms up to 750 mtrs.
track relay
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Characteristics:
K.50 Inter locked Relay: This is also known as latch relay consist of two
K.50 neutral relay arranged one above the other on a common base plate.
The armature of the relay being made interdependent by an additional
mechanical latching device such that one relay in its resting position latches
the other in the operating position.
In normal condition of latch the bottom relay armature is latched in its
operated position.
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In reverse condition of latch the top relay armature is latched in its operated
position.
Coil Resistance – 615 ohms.
Max. Nos. of contact – 8
K.50 ’E’ Relay: (Lamp proving Relay) K50 ‘E’ relay is a special relay for
proving that the signal lamp at site is lit or not.
The characteristics of the K.50 ‘E’ type relay are different for proving the Red
Aspect, and green/yellow double yellow aspect. Junction type route indicator
with lamp in series, junction route indicator with lamp in parallel and multiple
route indicator.
Coil Resistance - 64.1 OHM
Max. No. of Contacts - 6 Nos.
Contact Combination - 3F/3B
- 5F/1B in case of UECR.
K-50 relays are available in-group or one relay with a current transformer.
common relay relay controlling relay controlling relay controlling relay controlling
a signal a point a route a track
Track repeater relay Locking relay for signal Locking relay for point Locking relay for route
Signal lamp checking relay Point detection relay Route checking relay
AC IMMUNISED RELAY
AC immunized relays are used in 25 KV AC electrified area. AC immunization
is done by means of two copper slug on core near pole face. A magnetic
shunt between the cores above the copper slug.
PROCESS: induced current in copper slugs oppose the alternating flux, most
of alternating flux diverted through magnetic shunt. Flux through air gap is
not sufficient to pick up the relay
AC IMMUNISATION LEVEL:
1. DC shelf type line relay 300 V AC
2. DC shelf type Track relay 50 V AC
3. DC polarized relay 10 V AC
4. QNA1 300 v AC
5. QTA2 50 V AC
6. QBAT 80 v AC
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AC RELAYS
Types of AC Relay
Single Element Relay Motor type double coil Double element relay
Use only for Track relay it is double coil relay
Used as only line relay used for both track
and line relay
Copper sleeve
Slow to Pick Up
Magnetc shunt
RELAY
Flasher Relay: These relays are normally used for giving flashing indications.
When supply is connected its armature makes normal and reverse contacts
alternately. The contacts when connected with indication circuit the indication
will flash.
Maintenance Check:
During Maintenance visit relays should be checked visually for the following.
1. There is no loose connection on the terminals. Plug in relays are fitted
tightly and the sealing is intact.
2. Metal contacts are not blackened due to arcing
3. There is no pitting of carbon contacts.
4. No foreign materials are inside the relay.
5. There is no rusting or sulphation on the parts.
6. Removing the transit lock screw, hole has been closed by dummy screw
fitting, before connecting a shelf type relay in circuit.
7. Relays are not due for POH.
8. Track relay drops properly with 0.5 ohms TSR.
9. Over energisation is not more than 250 % of its PU value.
As per SEM:
01. All vital relays should be inspected visually once in every two and three
years for track and line relays respectively in following respect.
a. Movement of Armature and current carriage.
b. Wiping of contacts arcing of contacts if any
c. Pitting or charring of contacts.
d. Dust on contact.
e. Electro plating
f. Corrosion rusting of contact.
g. Presence of fungus
h. Charring of cover near contacts
i. Corrosion of label.
j. Presence of seal.
Overhauling: Track relay:
Track relay of all type should be overhauled after every 10 to 12 years.
Shelf type line relays: Shelf type line relays shall be over haled after every
15 years
All other non-proved type relays, when removed from service after failure.
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