Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum Management Best Practices

Wireless LAN Radio: Spectrum Management Best Practices
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2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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What Were Going to Cover

The Challenge Wireless Trends
Evolution of the WLAN
Deploying with Spectrum in Mind

Site Survey A Word About Tools Cisco Radio Resource ManagementRRM ClientLink, BandSelect, CleanAir
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The Challenge
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The Dynamic Nature of Spectrum

You are breathing the physical layer RF reflects off things RF is absorbed by things Its a shared medium (as such, not all RF is always yours) Requirements change in response to changes in the environment not always helpful Yet, if implemented and maintained properly, its a technology enabler providing
Increased productivity Creative freedom Enhanced user experienceby putting the power of the network where the user lives and works
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Mobility Refers to the Client Not the Infrastructure

Radio assets are fixed devices Autonomous AP channel and power must be set in advance Clients move about Resource demands shift with client location, and density
Clients Associate to AP with Strongest Signal
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Even When Well Planned, Things Change

Mission critical requires HA Client technology refreshadditional device types PDAs, Tablets New neighbors?
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Does NonWi-Fi Interference Matter?

A Series of Papers on Wi-Fi Interference Concluded
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps9393/prod_white_papers_list.html
Data
Normal Range Reduced Range
Voice
Video
Degraded Range
Reduced Coverage from 20% to 80%
Reduced Call Quality
Most Video Rated Unwatchable
..That Dramatic Loss in Quality of Mobility Services Will Result When Wi-Fi Encounters Interference
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Wireless Trends
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Enterprise Wireless Evolution

From Best Effort to Mission Critical
Hotspot
System Management
Scalable Performance
Self Healing & Optimizing
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When the students returned this year, if you asked me what percentage of students are using the Wi-Fi network I would have told you 40%. I was shocked to see 85% of them using the Wi-Fi network.
Scott Ksander September 2009 Cisco Education TAB Purdue University
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Expectation for Mission Critical Wireless

Cant IWithoutDo My Job Wireless. It Has to Work. Is Best WirelessCant Effort. I
Support a Level 1 SLA.
Continued Growth and Reliance on Wi-Fi Devices

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vs.
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IT Lacks RF Resources and Expertise

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Role of site survey is as important as everbut has evolved Evaluate the existing application requirements, available spectrum and Clients Focus should be on fixed infrastructure
AP placement Density is important Protocols supported Rates supported Interference sources
Mitigating issues Planning tools Designing for Sustainable Spectrum Management

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A Word About Tools

How to Compare Apples to Apples What you use is less important than how you use it Internal vs. external adapters
Internal adapters even the same model will have different antenna arays and placement for different model laptops External adapters can be moved with the application and provide consistent results regardless of the platform used
Use the same Tool to compare results! Recheck results from a known environment with version updates Free Tools Nothing is Free
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The Impact of a Crowded Spectrum
Performance at Risk in Unprotected Networks

Throughput Reduction Near
(25 Feet)
Interference Type
Far
(75 Feet)
End User Impact Reduced network capacity and coverage Poor quality voice and video Potential complete link failure IT Manager Impact Potential security breaches Support calls Increased cost of operation
2.4 or 5 GHz Cordless Phones Video Camera Wi-Fi

(Busy Neighbor)
100% 100% 90% 63% 20% 18%
100% 57% 75% 53% 17% 10%

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Microwave Oven Bluetooth Headset DECT Phone Source: FarPoint Group

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What Is CCA and SOP?

802.11 is CSMA/CA collision avoidance CCA is Clear Channel Assessment and is the listen before talk component of Collision Avoidance With 802.11n radios CCA is typically linked to Preamble/Start of packet Radios are better these days (mostly) CCA - is -65 and SOP is -85 dBm for 802.11b/g/a If you can hear it above these levels you are sharing the spectrum
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CCA Blocked or High
802.11n Traffic Video Camera Duty Cycle 90-100% Video Signal
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How Does Interference Impact Wi-Fi?

Separating the FUD from the Facts
Collisions - Non Wi-Fi devices do not participate in our CA mechanism they have their own rules No respect for Wi-Fi results in:
Corrupted packets Increased retransmissions Increased Duty Cycle Less available bandwidth
SNR Signal to Noise ratio
High SNR
Low SNR
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802.11 and Duty Cycle Channel Utilization

Retransmit a packet Duty Cycle of interference is logarithmically proportionate to channel time available Busy network less interference tolerance Less busy might not even notice low levels of interference Bandwidth is like Money the more you get the more you spend
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Deploying with RRM in Mind
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RRMRadio Resource Management

What are RRMs objectives?
To dynamically balance the RF infrastructure and mitigate changes Monitor and maintain coverage for all clients Manage Spectrum Efficiency so as to maintain the optimal throughput under changing conditions
What RRM does not do

Substitute for a site survey Correct an incorrectly architected network Manufacture spectrum
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RRM Monitors the RF Group

Continuously monitors dynamic changes in environment
Collection of statistics and metrics used by DCA, TPC, and CHDM Provides assessment of the overall RF health of the network
Stats/metrics include:
Noise (e.g., radar, Bluetooth devices, microwave ovens) Interference (802.11rogue APs) Signal (our APs) Load
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How Does RRM Do This?

DCADynamic Channel Assignment
Each AP radio gets a transmit channel assigned to it Changes in air quality are monitored, AP channel assignment changed when deemed appropriate (based on DCA cost function)
TPCTransmit Power Control

Tx Power assignment based on radio to radio pathloss TPC is in charge of reducing Tx on some APs but may also increase Tx by defaulting back to power level higher than the current Tx level
CHDMCoverage Hole Detection and Mitigation
Detecting clients in coverage holes Deciding on Tx adjustment (typically Tx increase) on certain APs based on (in) adequacy of estimated downlink client coverage
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Case Study 1 College High Rise Dorm Channel Utilization

26 story dormitory Low user count but high channel utilization Did an Active site survey Customer complaint disconnects and low throughput
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WCS Channel Utilization Report
0 TX and 0 RX Utilization Channel 40-70%?
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Duty Cycle and Spectrum Capacity

Duty Cycle is the on time of a given transmitter It is measured as percentage of total time available, this relates directly to channel utilization, but is only part of the story protocol overhead is the full story 802.11 can only do essentially two things to recover in a challenging RF environment
Retransmit a Frame Turn the radio on again to send information that has already been sent once = Increased Duty Cycle Rate shift to a slower speed that can be supported If retries are excessive, then the link will be rate shifted to a slower speed in an attempt to gain reliability
Both of these will increase Duty Cycle and make the problem worse if it is a dense network
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Understand Protocol Selection 802.11 b/g/a/n and Duty CycleImportant? Why?

20000 18000 16000 14000 12000
CCK
DSSS
OFDM 64 Byte 128 Byte 256 Byte 512 Byte 1024 Byte 2048 Bytes
Time/S
10000 8000 6000 4000 2000
Frame Size/Bytes
0 Mbps 1 2 5.5 11 6 12 24 36 48 54 130 300
Spectrum Is a Shared Finite Resource

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Duty Cycle and Spectrum 802.11 b/g

Healthy Network
20-30% Duty Cycle Channel Separation
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Duty Cycle and Spectrum 802.11 b/g

Unhealthy Network
No Channel Separation
100% Duty Cycle
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Channel Utilization What Made the Difference?
What Made This Dramatic Change?
Before 5% After
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Every SSID Counts!
Each SSID requires a separate Beacon Each SSID will advertise at the minimum mandatory data rate Disabled not available to a client Supported available to an associated client Mandatory Client must support in order to associate
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Cell Size By Protocol/Speed

Assuming 10% PER
Speed 1 2 5.5 6 11 12 24 36 48 54 Required SNR 0 3 6 2 9 6 11 13 17 19 AP Sensitivity -91 -91 -91 -87 -88 -86 -85 -85 -78 -77
Channel Utilization Is the Aggregate of Every Radio on the Channel That Can Be Heard Above -85 dBm This Means Clients Too
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RF Grouping Neighbor Messages = OTA Over The Air - RF Analysis

Neighbor AP messages are sent every 60 seconds at highest power and lowest supported data rate Neighbor Messages are used by receiving APs and their WLCs to determine how to create inter and Intra-WLC RF Groups and Physical RF Neighborhoods Each AP listens for other APs neighbor messages and if its RF Group name matches the message is forwarded to its controller and ultimately to the RF Group leader A list is maintained for each AP in the RF Group of who heard his neighbor messages and how loud
Neighbor Messages Are Sent from Each AP to Multicast Address 01:0B: 85:00:00:00
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Noise, Interference, and Utilization via WLC
RX Utilization 36 TX Utilization 7 Channel Utilization 96
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WLC Config Analyzer View
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RF Summary Imbalance Between Neighbors
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WCS Map View Show Neighbors

Select any AP on the map and right click Select View RF Neighbors Table displays (1) Neighbors on the current map Table displays (2) neighbors not on the current map
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Three APs Deployed in Each Foyer
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Initial Measures Before and After

Eliminated center 2.4 GHz radios on each floor Eliminated all but 11 Mbps Enabled Client Link Enabled Band Steering
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End Result APs Moved
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Case 2 RF Groups
After conducting a multi floor active site survey using a 4400 and 10 x 1140 APs, coverage looked good at power levels 2-3. The customer then deployed 3500 series APs according to the plan, and RRM set the power levels to 6! Whats different about the 3500?
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RF Grouping
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RF Grouping
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RF Grouping
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The Tell Survey Was Conducted in Separate RF Group
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About RF Groups
RF Groups Are Clusters of Controllers that Share the Same RF Group Name. RF Neighborhoods Are Groups of APs that Hear Each Other
Wireless Controller A RF Group = <asciii string>
RF Group Controllers Elect an RF Group Leader That Analyses RF Data and Neighbor Relationships to Make More Intelligent Decisions About Optimizing the RF Environment for the System
Wireless Controller B RF Group = <ascii string>
> - 80dBm
Neighbor Messages Are Sent At Full Power, Containing Information About the APs Seen, and Authenticated via a MIC Based on the RF Group Name
IF APs on Different Controllers Hear Neighbor Messages from APs in the Same RF Group at 80 dBm or Greater They Will Group in an RF Neighborhood, Channel, and Power Then Compute as a Group
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RF Grouping and RF Neighborhoods

RF Neighborhood (a)
RFGroup - Bob
RF Neighborhood (b)
Multiple RF Neighborhoods can exist within a single RF Group RRM is calculated on a per RF neighborhood basis RF Neighborhoods can be inter-controller or intra-controller Multiple RF Neighborhoods may be formed even when controllers share same RF Group name
RF Groups/Neighborhoods Apply per PHY Type
RFGroup 1 RFGroup 1
RF Neighborhood (A)
RF Neighborhood (B)
RFGroup - Bob RF Neighborhood (E) RF Neighborhood (C) RF Neighborhood (A) RF Neighborhood (D) RF Neighborhood (B) RF Logical Neighborhood (C) RF sub-group (c)
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Configuring RF Grouping
RF Group Name Is Configured From: Controller > General on the WLC GUI: Configure > Controllers > controller > System > General in WCS:
By Default the RF Network Name and Mobility Domain Name Are the Same, but This Is Default Behavior
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RF Grouping
By looking at the RF neighborhoods from the network perspective, you can determine which APs are literally within the same RF domain or neighborhood. Placing like groups of APs into a separate RF group is perfectly ok, and in fact can provide much better design options
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Case -3 DCA
New Building installation CU has a very high density of I-phones Main Architect good RF knowledge Without RRM channel distribution matched plan With RRM APs on same channel adjacent to one another Did not trust RRM
Channel Utilization vs. Spectrum Expert did not match Neighbor Lists and spot check with Client card vastly different
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Neighbor Message and AP Neighbors

Did Not Trust RRM Compared the Neighbor Lists for WLC to Beacon Observations at the AP Produced Less Trust -
Neighbor Messages Are Sent Every 60 Seconds to the Multicast Address of 01:0B:85:00:00:00
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RRM Put Adjacent APs on the Same Channel!

Looking at the 1st floor we see two APs on the same channel At the 2nd floor, we see 3 APs The 3rd, we see 3 APs And the 4th we see 2 APs But look at the APs channels as they stack! 11 1 6 1
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
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WLCCA View
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AP Placement
Omni Antennas have an Elevation pattern of a donut 12 dB attenuation between floors Customer intentionally stacked the APs to protect against direct exposure Had these been 1130s possibly a valid argument
BUT - These Are Cisco AP 1140s
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Antenna Pattern Elevation Plane

2.4 GHz
Access Point Has 3 Integrated 4 dBi (2.4GHz) Antennas
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DCA 6.0 and Beyond

CM= RSSI, Noise, Interference, signal, and a constant (threshold) An AP list ordered by CMs in the RF Neighborhood is created worst to best Prior to release 6.0 we solved for the worst AP CM in the RF Neighborhood 6.0 and after - DCA now operates on multiple local searches and randomly selects CPCI (channel Plan Change Initiators) from the CPCI list and calculates optimal solutions for the CPCI and its first and second hop neighbors The calculation completes with the NCCF function a goodness value for the group indicating positive change for the CPCI and its immediate neighborhood
Version 4.1.185.1 6.0
Band 2.4 GHz 5 GHz 2.4 GHz 5 GHz
High 5 dB 5 dB 5 dB 5 dB
Medium 15 dB 20 dB 10 dB 15 dB
Low 30 dB 30 dB 20 dB 20 dB
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DCA Solution Flow

AP
AP-5 AP-4 AP-6 AP-1 AP-7 AP-8 AP-23 AP-14 AP-13 AP-19 AP-24 AP-25 AP-16 AP-10 AP-15 AP-17 AP-2 AP-11 AP-20 AP-21 AP-22 AP-9 AP-18 AP-3 AP-12
AP-16
CM
25 34 55 60 63 67 68 71 73 75 76 77 78 79 79 81 82 82 83 83 84 85 87 90 91
Worst
A CPCI List Is Created of All APs AP-11 in the Local RF Neighborhood AP-15
AP-19
AP-22
AP-6
AP-5
AP-5
AP-9
AP-18
AP-10
AP-21
Best
CPCI and First Hop Neighbor, Channel Change Is Allowed The Impact on the Second Hop Neighbor Is Considered in the Calculation, but No Channel Change Is Permitted
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CPCI First Hop Neighbor Second Hop Neighbor

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DCA Solution Flow

AP-16
AP
CM
25 34 55 60 63 67 68 71 73 75 76 77 78 79 79 81 82 82 83 83 84 85 87 90 91
Worst
AP-11
AP-19
AP-15 AP-5
AP-5
AP-18
AP-6
AP-9
AP-21
AP-10
AP-22
Best
NCCF Is Calculated on the Entire Group for Each Channel Plan Calculated A Plan Is Selected

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DCA Solution Flow

AP
CM
25 34 55 60 63 67 68 71 73 75 76 77 78 79 79 81 82 82 83 83 84 85 87 90 91
The CPCI and Its First Hop Neighbors Are Removed from the CPCI List
Worst
AP-11
AP-15
AP-6
AP-5
AP-5
AP-9
AP-10
Best

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DCA Solution Flow

AP
AP-4 AP-1 AP-7 AP-8 AP-23 AP-14 AP-13 AP-19 AP-24 AP-25 AP-16 AP-17 AP-2 AP-20 AP-21 AP-22 AP-9 AP-18 AP-3 AP-12
CM
34 60 63 67 68 71 73 75 76 77 78 81 82 83 83 84 85 87 90 91
Worst
AP-7 AP-2
AP-8
AP-5
AP-19
AP-18
AP-22 Best
The Process Begins Again with the Remaining APs on the List Randomization Is Applied for Selection of the Next CPCI
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Redesigned DCA Benefits

Faster Convergence calculations for an RF group are much faster can complete 6 iterations in the previous time it took for one. More Granular more flexible for the dynamic needs of an RF Neighborhood System wide View every APs assignment is known and managed by a centralized resource Much better for integrating Spectrum Intelligence and makes CleanAir integration exciting.
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Back to Our Use Case Dont like RRMs answer what can be done? Change the question!
Move an AP on Either Floor Override Global for Just 1 AP and Let DCA Recalculate!
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Case 4 Transmit Power Control

New construction Predictive site survey done for Vocera 11.b badges Predictive survey called for 25 30 foot spacing Power at 13 dBm power (power level 3) to cover TPC forced APs to power level 7 Result was coverage holes for Voice
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Voice Readiness Tool Results
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New Building Borders with Existing Building and AP1130 Installation
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Add APs Fill Coverage Holes without Increasing Co-Channel Interference
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TPCHow It Works
Assume an APs TX neighbors hear it at the following RSSI levels (listed in decreasing order; units are [dBm])
45, 55, 67, 75, 78, 80
For third loudest neighbor RSSI_3rd > TPC_Threshold

TPC_Threshold = 70 dBm
TPC would recommend a Tx power decrease Important: The RSSI_3rd >? TPC_Threshold criterion only determines if Tx decrease is recommended
Whether the actual decrease takes place depends on hysteresis The delta between the current and the recommended Tx Hysterisis for a TX Power increase is 3 dB Hysterisis for a TX Power decrease is 3 dB
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TPCHow It Works
There are two main TX power scenarios that can trigger an increase
There is no third neighbor will result in maximum power TPC Equation evaluates the recommended Tx_Ideal to be in between Tx_max and Tx_current (rather than lower than TX_current)
Power decreases take place gradually 1 power level at a time (3 dB) TPC power increases happen immediately
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TPC 6.0 MR1 Algorithm Changes

Several changes to how power is calculated where made in the 6.0 MR-1 release A smoothing algorithm was added that takes into account the power levels of the next neighboring APs and their neighbors In situations where there is no third neighbor the old algorithmic behavior was to default to power level 1 (no RSSI_3rd) With these changes, if there is no third neighbor TPC looks for any neighbors heard above the TPC threshold, and interrogates those neighbors that are heard above the current TPC Threshold An average of averages is factored against TPC recommended power That average is used to modify the recommendation from TPC
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TPC - Example
AP-6 RX-TX Neighbor List
Neighbor Ap2
AP-6

Neighbor Power 4 5 3 4
AP-1
RSSI -45 dBm -55 dBm
RSSI -55 dBm -58 dBm -68 dBm -71 dBm
ap2 - tx ap6 - rx
Ap3 Ap4 ap5
AP-5
Neighbor
AP-3 AP-4 AP-2
RSSI -45 dBm -55 dBm -57 dBm -79 dBm
Power 5 4 5 3
Ap3 Ap6 Ap4 ap5
Ap1 has 2 neighbors, ap2 and ap6 Ap2 has three neighbors above TPC Threshold of -70 Ap6 has three neighbors above TPC Threshold of -70 Average the power settings for all 6 neighbors 4+5+3+5+4+5=26 26/6=4 Use power level 4 in smoothing algorithm for final TPC recommendation of 3 for AP1
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TPC 6.0 MR1 Min/Max Power GUI Configuration

From the controller GUI selectWireless=>802.11a/b=>RRM-TPC
Note: Ensure You Select Apply in the Upper Right Hand Corner of the Screen to Save.
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Facts
At static power level 3 no clients on the network average channel utilization was 30-40%! At power level 7- Utilization was much lower at 10% more representative of what the unloaded network should look like Three options under current RRM
Add more APs too late Split RF group into new group Risky live hospital borders 1 full side of the new building separation was 6 meters Use TPC Min Max settings to raise power levels in this building Better less risk of affecting neighboring APs
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Use TPC Min/Max

Set TPC Min/Max to 9 dBm and 6 dBm Network settled at power level 5 Eliminated 1, 2 Mbps APs stayed at power level 5 Channel Utilization Dropped Voice Survey showed good coverage
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TPC Min/Max Power GUI Configuration

From the controller GUI selectWireless=>802.11a/b=>RRM-TPC
Note: Ensure You Select Apply in the Upper Right Hand Corner of the Screen to Save.
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BandSelect
Access Point Assisted 5 GHz Band Selection
Challenge
Dual-Band Clients Persistently Connect to 2.4 GHz 2.4GHz may have 802.11b/g clients causing contention 2.4GHz is prone to interference
Dual-Band Client Radio 2.4/5GHz
Solution
BandSelect Directs Clients to 5 GHz Optimizing RF usage Better usage of the higher capacity 5GHz band Frees up 2.4 GHz for single band clients
Discovery Probes Looking for AP
Discovery Response
2.4
802.11n
Optimized RF Utilization by Moving 5 GHz Capable Client Out of the Congested 2.4 GHz Channels
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BandSelect
Configuration Per-SSID Override (Cont.)
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The Problem
X
Beam Strength Not Directed to Client

Beam Strength
802.11a/g
802.11n
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802.11a/g Client Connection Not Optimized, Creates Coverage Hole

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The Solution
802.11a/g
Cisco Innovation: ClientLink

Up to 65% Improvement
Beam Forming
802.11n
Intelligent Beam Forming Directs Signal to Improve Performance and Coverage for 802.11a/g Devices
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Higher Throughput per 11a/g Device

Up to 65% Increase in Throughput
13.6% Throughput vs. Distance 87.7% 70.4%
No Connection without ClientLink
89.5%
Test: 802.11a/g Device with 802.11n Network Source: Miercom

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Higher System Capacity

Up to 27% Improvement in Channel Capacity
Channel Util of 74.2%
Channel Util of 45.2%
Faster data transmission, less retries = more efficient use of RF channel. Faster 11a/g transactions opens airtime for 11n devices, providing them improved experience
Test: 802.11a/g Device Measured at 16 Antenna Orientations with 802.11n Network Source: Miercom
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What Is CleanAir Technology?

Detect and Classify
97 100
63 90 20 35
CleanAir Radio ASIC Uniquely Identify and Track Multiple Interferers Assess Unique Impact to Wi-Fi Performance Monitor AirQuality
Cisco CleanAir
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High-Resolution Interference Detection and Classification Logic Embedded into Ciscos 802.11n Radio ASIC. Inline Operation with no CPU or Performance Impact.
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Wi-Fi and Spectrum Knowledge Why Is Silicon Important?

A Wi-Fi chip is a communications processor a MODEM It only knows
Energy that can be demodulated = Wi-Fi Energy that can not be demodulated = Noise
Noise is complicated
Collisions, fragments, corruption Wi-Fi that is below sensitivity threshold of the receiver
Peaks in Wi-Fi activity can cause all of the above to occure
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High Resolution Spectral Advantage

The Industrys ONLY In-Line High-Resolution Spectrum Analyzer
Typical Wi-Fi Chipset Spectral Resolution at 5 MHz Cisco CleanAir Wi-Fi Chipset Spectral Resolution at 78 to 156 KHz
BlueTooth BlueTooth
Chip View Visualization of Microwave Oven and BlueTooth Interference
Power
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Power
Microwave Oven
Microwave Oven
Benefits of CleanAir Technology

Self Healing and Optimizing
Wireless Security
Forensics for Troubleshooting
Policy Enforcement
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Self Healing and Optimization

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PERFORMANCE AIR QUALITY
6 1 RRM
Wireless LAN Controller

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Channels 11, 6 and 1 Are Optimized for Maximum Performance and Minimum Interference
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11
6 1 RRM 11

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Scanning 11, 6 and 1 Are Optimized Interference on Channel 6. Air ChannelsAvailable ChannelsQuality Is Affected. RRM Is Browsing the for Maximum Performance and List of Preferred Channels to Minimum Interference Resolve Conflict
6 1
86

11
6 11 1 RRM 11

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Conflict Resolved. Information Is Being Changing to Channel 11 Relayed to RRM. Conflicting Channel Is Blocked from Future Use.
X 6 1
87

Interference Aware RRM Event Driven RRM Persistent Device Avoidance
Maximizes Performance by Avoiding Interference
CH 1
CH 1
CH 11
CH 1
Self Healing to Avoid Wi-Fi Degradation
Self Learning to Increase Reliability
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RF Matters
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Q&A
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Links
Cisco CleanAir solutions Farpoint Tech Note: Evaluating Interference in Wireless LANs: Recommended Practice (PDF; 220 KB) Farpoint Tech Note: Interference and Metro-Scale Wi-Fi Mesh Networks (PDF; 98 KB) Farpoint Tech Note: The Effects of Interference on Video Over Wi-Fi (PDF; 100 KB) Farpoint Tech Note: The Effects of Interference on VoFi Traffic (PDF; 88 KB) Farpoint Tech Note: The Invisible Threat: Interference and Wireless LANs (PDF; 83 KB) Farpoint Tech Note: The Effects of Interference on General WLAN Traffic (PDF; 88 KB) Protecting Wi-Fi Networks from Hidden Layer 1 Security Threats (PDF; 7 MB) RF Spectrum Policy: Future-Proof Wireless Investment Through Better Compliance 20 Myths of Wi-Fi Interference
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Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum Management Best Practices

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Wireless LAN Radio Spectrum Management Best Practices

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Wireless LAN Radio: Spectrum Management Best Practices

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What Were Going to Cover

Deploying with Spectrum in Mind

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The Dynamic Nature of Spectrum

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Mobility Refers to the Client Not the Infrastructure

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Even When Well Planned, Things Change

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Does NonWi-Fi Interference Matter?

Reduced Coverage from 20% to 80%

Reduced Call Quality

Most Video Rated Unwatchable

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Enterprise Wireless Evolution

Self Healing & Optimizing

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Expectation for Mission Critical Wireless

Support a Level 1 SLA.

Continued Growth and Reliance on Wi-Fi Devices

IT Lacks RF Resources and Expertise

Deploying with Spectrum in Mind

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Deploying with Spectrum in Mind

Mitigating issues Planning tools Designing for Sustainable Spectrum Management

A Word About Tools

The Impact of a Crowded Spectrum

Performance at Risk in Unprotected Networks

2.4 or 5 GHz Cordless Phones Video Camera Wi-Fi

100% 100% 90% 63% 20% 18%

100% 57% 75% 53% 17% 10%

Microwave Oven Bluetooth Headset DECT Phone Source: FarPoint Group

What Is CCA and SOP?

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CCA Blocked or High

802.11n Traffic Video Camera Duty Cycle 90-100% Video Signal

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

How Does Interference Impact Wi-Fi?

SNR Signal to Noise ratio

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802.11 and Duty Cycle Channel Utilization

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Deploying with RRM in Mind

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

RRMRadio Resource Management

What RRM does not do

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

RRM Monitors the RF Group

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

How Does RRM Do This?

TPCTransmit Power Control

CHDMCoverage Hole Detection and Mitigation

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Case Study 1 College High Rise Dorm Channel Utilization

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WCS Channel Utilization Report

0 TX and 0 RX Utilization Channel 40-70%?

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Duty Cycle and Spectrum Capacity

2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.