JtYdtLi

TIiE UNITED STATES

STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

EFFECTS OF

THE ATOMIC BOMB

o
NAGASAKI, JAPAN

Volume III
.~

Physical I>.un:age Dh-ision

D:ues of SUJ"\-e,,;
13 October-20 No'-ember 19"5

...

FOREWORD
I r",INI SI.IH ~, ... ,<'lt"'" ","bong Sun..,.
.,.hh,b",1 b}' Ih.. N.-"".ry of W.r On 3
"bP. 19H. 1''''''''''' 1o. d, .....li'.. In>n' II...
' .......d.."t
11 h. "'''''0'' ..... 10
.., ." ""I.. m.1 a"d .... prrt ","",Iy '" ,I...
,of ""r ... nal .n...1; "" ("........ ny, 10 .... nor<!

It_,..

LJ_'''''' .. nh.or a"...b

"... ... po.1

riu"" .....".. nl,. for Ih.. u... or Ill.. l- S. S,.. Iq;i.. Homl,.
,IOI\of fu.'h<'.... port~ of. mO.... romp...hN,",,'" IIA'U",_
"'C SIln ..,. III , 1'"'
,\n1 toI,"~ or o",,,inM .........,-1 in Ihl1l porl "'''''' "" ro'wtlt l_ ..
limll...l to I.... #pK"lfi.. 11.. 1
1m .......-d .",1 as hj 1 10 fu.,h... ml"'1, lallOlI
ill I"" bght of ,,,rlh... "00 .-.J...,~ b,. ,h.. Sur ,..
Th.. ,1oni1l,,"111 ront."", ""ormallOII .tr.... ung Ih.. nallO,..1 .I..,.. ,IS<' of ,""
l'",t... l ~ .t... ."h", t.... ........,"C 0' thC' .::Spinnagr Ac', ao L 5 C., 31 ."d :r..!,
Ai ._1<00:1
lu tr'llRlill\lSlOM>fl or t........d.liGrt of ,ts roul.....l. '" .ny ""1..,,".
lo.n 11...,,1"""....1 prnootl ;. proillbiw.:l b,' ......
'11uf .... por, 'II-ill 1101 b<' rrpmdud in ..hoI.. 0' ill 1'." or ,li,lriOOt... l,o an,.
.,......,. or,....--. olh than IhlM<" 10 ..-hom ori~ul <b>lnOOI~o,,~, m.d.... it",
0<1' ,I><' .ppm.... 01 I 1)"""lor 01 enllt'lll Im .. lligff>, \h..l""([IOII, D C_

"" J.p.n.1Id '0

ioh. 1.... ~ 10'''' .luAl,nc ,I... ,"'
IIft.nd
II.hl," <)f .ir '.......r ... an ""',nI ,,, of
". l",t"lO lor pI."""'llII lUlU'" .t.. 1op"r I.... lmt ...1 St.IH .", 1 , _ an" for

"""'l/!: I", u"' f'<"OnO<""" poIlM8 .. ,'b

f'l't<pftt

, ,..""".1 ,1..1.."... A ..."'.... ry ... p>rt .nd

ZOO ."PI"'" ''* rrp<>rh <'OIlI.;nioJ t1...
J'l of II... : n..,. on G....... ny 11..... t-a

"'" Sur....,. """It..., ...milar .u"'y

U.\~"'11l-t1.".......w..tT", .... n"",~1

U...
01" 'hoe
,,,,.III}pea or .i n..-I.: on II....... apinot
" UbnUlIllql""'porta on d .. p1ie&~ 10 'M
lary 01 Wnd 10 Ii.. ~arr or 'bC'
TI.. om.,..... of tl.- 5un-..,. d"ri~ il&
_ pha 'II.......

..... ul.:
001
0..;.....
l'a ..1 II ~,u , 11..",,- c . ..u..u........

r" ,I.."., :Jt.O <>If........ "MI .'.00 .... h.lf'd......

n"hl.". """'..nl of II ""Pnl""'"
lrom t
,\nny 10 1I
\I.m of 6fI ""

' ' 'IIOU'J

I>.. I

.- ",i",,,,,,, ""

~Ir~.n_, ~r..

~hl,

H. Tloornp.lOll,

Thftl<IOft' I'. WrigI,t, Dirtdorl

W"l ... Wildil, Strt,kuY.
SUn")'"1 rolll.,l<'mrlll pro"idr<l for 300

"

o:or>d,,"M 011

a_

,....,

l.ibrt,

t:

oM,,_.

.1.0""",. ........n ....

~ pI.a and 'i.. ~ '" ...... HlItJ IIlIO
1bC' "lU, Ibr ",wr-I ~ """ \llf:OlIB'_
!<'Ad..., 10 bft- ~ III -.-1'1-' _.
........... 'hoe ~ of Iot..:lt-h &ad -.It ..-...: t
rinil... popuIo.UOIl. tho " ' M i _ of Ibt
Jlpsneoe ri.-il.... ...,
.,.......... """ Ibt
oll"ftU of 'lor
bo. ~I" n!-pOtU ....
be , - , ...,-tTUIf: eadl ........ of , 11""'1
Tbr s..r-r..,. "'1C'mlPtl _
,
00 J.....
1. ""'" ""'IMI.-..I olinalt.
It &lor> ......~-rrt<d and ,
1C'd -:0 ",,",-II
...hitb "'" out.. hi,
-'Ill 10 oW ",,""ry,
bul ....... iD fll;"1Ob dn. ,.J",hlr r. 01
.......
.\IT"ItII<"-,'1& 11.,... I.wn ....... to llU11
, ...
SUr<.... -. filc< t.. llot ( .....,""' IBt..u;,:-. O p,
I~ .. b h t .........,11 br .uil&hlr 'er fun......
<'Un';... '
nd d""nbu'.....

1I1Id;'"

.....1 SHrh., Jr_,

~I""

oncI

_nort

lIatTY L. """'- ",

~. I\..",...,h O.I
l1h.
n~nm

,.

from ,I :\""110 , 011..11 '" 10,.......", lIot~

thr ,\""y &rid II.. \;""~ p;.'. IIlt!\un.,.JI ~
hI<' -a.,~ '" fum"'",,,
pplM.s, In_
pot1
.1 ,nlunno.!lO<I. TI
"""C'f "'Pfn'lt<1
frma 1l 1qlW1rtS ...tablllobtd '" Tal,.. Mrl, IB
S<'pt..mbC'r 11111. ",Ib ... hhra.Iq~ ,n \....,..
Ooab.. 11""""'--, .",1 ' ....... aud .,Ib....w.:
I...... opC'nIUIIIt on otbrr paN'" J.pan. ,........
011'" PonIic....d Ibr .~t
,1I1&llo:f
It .... ~bfoo I<>
of.anJ.p._ mililaIJ i*uuu &ad l':lf'<"1Il_, HlPV"""'1 by """"-.>1. &ad
\NlIIlJI by
""""'.
and I<> -...-.. _ I l l ,
'"
1
...
J.....' _y....r ..... prod"",
pIut ..,.
planl. ond md-.y by
I"

0..-;......

.....,,1.: ,\

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,I...-n

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....CI'''''..

.
...., ,
..

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'

.,

TABLE OF CONTENTS
It. f~ ...ntt \.1......
I'an ". Elf.... \ of UOIll>' bomb om ..... biDI1"y.

...,.- and

IIlilll;O'\

6. t:ff('("l' 01 .Ioml~ oomb on bnd~ and ~ ~ oyoI'"

7. ri

"'"

rl."'.l:"~fft'C"l~ol.tollti<'b('mh

11,

,",,,1\.0 uf OIo",i" 1.00mb attatk

!tlo,

8. T ,,,lftlio,,.or .J.l'.""""offi~..l.",1 "'du.tnaldoMl....,," ....pon_

in!.:

1~'l,'" i,,,,,'rl mal' of :><.~..... kj (in po"I.,-\ .1l... 1,,~1 """"" "I b&rk ,;"er

..

Reference Tables
Tl'PES OF OAMAGE

""uGI .... 'UC.'SUT, ."una 's"

DOwt:8'T'C

O.~ '0 pnn<'lpoo.ll...d.....rntlnbr.. (1"'-, t-...., ('Oi<Ul1Jb, Ioad~

ilnatf",.,t

.11.., ~ ll1Abo II' mull81<>ry build"",., ....

IE ...p..

"""""nt

or U\......l OUp""," du,,",*

LC bl " ...",bnsMM'btipurlin... andraft_

... u... l...w"l

'i.""j.ti<J

. TwJ.. Xot .. ortb """,,II"

,,.., K~u....., rtP"II" bt. . "~T
of .....--I _lUI........, ltd . . - l i T ",-..--I .;.
_uuf&<'lUftl"
t. Sli'"
tuq ...... 0'tJ'&II" .,Im <*patt11 fJl

nono>&1 ...... ~ .wr

","-,G" ....

O.""'P' 10 purl"", and 01'-

nl'pi~ of roo/i~ ..... ~.

I( 61ff1Ot
1150 O.map 10 ~ ..... in....n It i.." lOOt illcludfll

........torr<,

","I'-

'L~

~ll'G': TO aUL"'''G&, ,,,,,L . .aUL ~S ..

roJ<1"D"'" OT1IIU ......... \(.,"P,

,,,. "qnPRu-r

__<_....d ..............

T"'._Xot-w.-.
l.bIe d~...

. 0tI0<r

'r~.L. \

,-

,~""'

/I.,IJ,"lI 'Op".' ri""'I<"

IT._ , .... -

.--!P,...

...... "~,, "" ,,..,.10,,,,

I. "lib .... ,<>Ollo

'"

.<)(>/.

....,_. ,,"'" ......."'11' ..... ,h."

7,l..fOOI. ""Ioh"

....n..

"",1</., t...... dao".-,.... ('0""'"''''

..., .....' ......'.,

1l1.00Cl ""..... ,

'-

"

,\1.2.,\1.3.,,01,1.1 ,

r .."," ."d rvuf ,,,1. oI'''''''"U'1o

., .. , .. - , .

10- lila.. 7~'

to',,,,, ,,,,,,,,,1,,,11,11,_

.""'1'

All U"lI<l,,,,,,, 01 'hI.

all
ro<ot. o,he, ,10.." th,.... 11.." ...
"",.....t._
bl-..i "'I' ,1>0,,1.< n(
8,.-l-okl" .y,,",,~
Z<:iN< !)) lul,

01

""

, .." " ,

.001-'-'l

...'"r"'..... ,.'" 1>Jo".,..,....aI

....

2. II" ....."

SiD',>K w.", ""wi ",h""".

A.. _ .,.1 rilll<l ,..,_.

....-.,""'10

"

'",,1O-

"'.I,

,-J.,....."...,

Tn'.... ..,...",,,,,10,,,.
F"D",."dJOOl.W,oI"OIIoOIil

a """,,,-,_

~, l.... ' ...'

IIn,'dlu' h.~";".

,,~

a... '" 10(10(1 .......... 1 - ""

C,

........... , ...

."k 01,..,...
-1_,

............ _10

2 1I",'d' " h"ulu

1'

... " ell".

...... .......r- __

-"'~~.

io ,

~ l. .

, _ 1J ,_, _ . , ........
- . . 0......... 1M.. :u f_:
.... 01 '0000 _ _ ...

1..... _ " "...

,hrKl""'"

CI'

g,,_l-km '11'" ' h'd' ...

B"ild;,,,,, ..,.,'smi
run..,.
......_ (ftj.e;,y z:. ,_",
., .,.~ ~I,' _
, ....
All b"il<l>",." In 'hio .roup ",1M,
in IU
II"'" , . . - ."pp>n<d.so.." I
i... b, .......
oodoe b"1 -i<It
. ."......
P
..
......, _

""
"

_n'..- .....

I II B:!

AI t ..U~, CU.

...--.-""",,,

.-.I:Io><tl,..- ..._

CLAssn'ICATIO~ Bl'ILDI~GS

\l.,. ,..- _botp , _ d ......... 0lIl,-.

~,

, ..... -~
~ '" ".
v.--t.
..-II

,pu..
(,..... lItiM~, BuildmlO' ........ roof~ IlDd or
ind"ld~ ~ ron~lnM't 1 or rombu>libl.
,orrialslona . - of b<Illd;"c.
'" (U~PI II jm>Und IIoor
nirM
......... ill ... altiple _
Or ",,,,il 1'Om'nM'lion WoodI
build.oM',
:ith oon "'bu"ibl~ .hf'l'U"lI' 011 roof IlDd or
........,..n. ,riaDaula<' ... boto
I'''''' it<!'"
"""Ilk" _.-

r-......... _ .

in<!i<ldwdly ...wo <dbl

UI
U1ron>
U.
~
01 buiklino: )1"',............... .\..,............ i.W. Budd,tIl:" .'bid> han ..:l
. _ jooiuod Uona ol<le,
rsm S"lOurn 01 ('Olnb""'bk ma,erialm ,I..-

-n;"''''''

.".,,,..."'.... 11001" "it,b e>'-.un', but .. h""" ~'nM'tD...... ~,ibk 1<>

1_..q:aJ> ,...-. '<>I' ""'" 01
b~ Ii... in tIM' "O"lrtl"'. _\n usmplf' <>f
01' - . I~~I""
"""",,
~ s build'lIJl" illo UI,...M .,~ ltM'fll'-'
roof.. '.nd"lduaUl
~... ,"." bf' ....1"Jl"'d i JWInobl.. b .. u... ....., <>f

_,pt

10"" oido>o of build",.. \11ll

in
or '''''J' ~ ",ntin-. ...

_.

O.. ~b

3.

"',Ido-,....,-

Sho.ll-',-,,,, _ ..,""'"

,,,,,I'l,,,, _". ""<Ill _

<01",,,,,..

.'''''''....,.

. . It.... 10.000 ......... ,"", ~ .. "

,it>o,

If

",.I..

R<>of. of

':<l'"'

u..

( .........""' .........
,..,~_

~t""''''''''''''''''''

1Mt; ...

F;~'....

~t

1t-

.~

l,n~

,.="
_,...I
IlDd ..-bidt
thowoll . . .,

_ I ..t

""" .lItIMliPtI'

""" _ , i I t _ Iirt

1 .,
unol " ' " Roo{,; IlDd e--thu ~
of
~ _
than ~~ tllri..
oM o4O'<'l
f..... .J.:lodd bf' ~ ....... _
oodi....,.1irt ~
C ,f, S, S ,{. R., (. d' R IWd .-Morr ..... ,~ 1"'"
~ .......biDod ill ..ndo" til........

'01""

'"

10,000 "'I"." If'

n_2

Cl

~,

.~.

1:1.."

U.J,

_,or~

Tili. ')1" "".", 011 ..I,od<->"

b"ildi" ~nl""".
"'I"

t,o"h'""" ol

c: I, C:.J

sift

8,...-.I...I;i" h"""d,,'Il ...........

'10...

At I. U.J

I<la. ..........IH

CO....'TE~TS

, _ ... 90".0-"' .....

2.

AU

CI_: CU. CI t. C'2-1

_ " i.._
1d
_...... ""...-t<tI
.......,
...u._by

CI,~

n.

AU. AI.2
AU. I)

C.,."iD_ ,....- ia 1 ... 7

t~_

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[2

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\'1.- .

T ...... II

111: ..._ .

PART 5
EFFECTS OF ATOMIC BOMB ON MACHINER
EQUIPMENT, AND PLANT UTILITIES

,,
""

P...

o,

I. Obj~1 .lUdy
II Su/lllNlry
III (it,......1",1_110"
1\" l>Htt'ip,io" or t&rg<'I#_"
'" o.mar I~ "_
'"I ''m'Kti.-t "
nd d ...ir ..1(....1;'-... \"II DOlI.,..nion program
'"III ~ladu,1M'Y d.n... ~ by II~; .nub_"
IX. Con>panton o' .tomit bomb and liE bomb <l.m&~
X Conclu"",'" .nd """,m"...,><I.,io""".

t
t-lgtI

tisl~

"3,

."".
"

I to 18. ind""'"t

T.bks I '0 XL

illdu~'-"

1'bolOp'&ph" I \0 10:.. incl.........

..

..

".O<'hi'..

',.,ldnttor'

,-.,...n P.<J<d." It.,...._

potor<',

.'

~.-_

....

I. OBJECT OF STUD"
2 '1'1 ... "hj..,t (or tll;< r<'I~'rl i, 'f> .1,
"II ,10'"'''1'.,,1
f.o I....... m "".. \,1
'Yo" Ih,'
~1I"1",,\<",1 h)' I)". ' wen r<I)l, ..~d I,)' 1,1,,,,, "'R"'t<'n~nc" cr,..
"ri",," """",r,,<'1" 1'11'1: pin Ill. ",ul_,,,I,l 1l0L l.R~e .",,,,,,,,1)' "",,,.INI I'""t"e_
'" :;1... tllO",ie 1",,,,1> ,1""'''1:"'' ,,';Ib lI,n\~. '1'1,,' r"mn"" rc waR ",(I,,,. lOll I"'t..
or
I'"r,
I
II 1"",,,,,,,1.

,"Ad."",,)".

'i"'' 1o..

...I.lio" lou I"",,, ,..

1 fPa,. II ~IIR",,,,,
I~",p, to ono... I,,, th.....
U'oo1.IDtI
a"d 'hp ...""lta"l """'IS,.I,"",... in "'O<'It' lOoI
,la"'"I(", TI"" "1"n.,~
to ~,
"I,.. "r th" w.",,,~ .-r'lrh ...""101 ho .. ~
,"\U;I'''''''"
.,".",,d hy ,h" 1",,10 '" Ih. Imil,h"l(!l ...h.....
"'J,?' IT
. -.;\ 'l':"i"'1 air altuck
~ Rnol guY prod"~"r l'\llmlll ."d 10 1,lont
,,,1l.1'~1 ,I (I) Ihe rool. of II", b"ild"'l:'Ilood no,
~h('lr (' "rtl\"'"
I
'.,~ ""'O,u'll'.1 I" 4" I}(r't'~"l. TIn",' ""itA
f.n," "I,on 'lop lOO\,;: 1IO ,hoI tl... <j<>t""... "r ,l"m~
1:(',>< ,,11)' <>f li"hlpr ,-u".ln\<"(;oll th.. n II ...
"","1,1 I..." 1...., 1 1"",t,,1 to hlaol "nte"lIl( lbe
",,,rhi,,,)" ""d l.r'''I<'''I,,<I 1,,'1:'-" .uri"", "r<>aIj
"'''1<10..." .'1<1 donn. "nd '" fi"", .. I"n, ",igt'l
>e hI""!. Elre'r;..
B",I otnUfI.,.,I. ,,,.,p
II. SUMMARY
r-"hl)' It",....
,I '2, I[,P "m.
bad
..-p,1 h~' 101."1. (;., a",1 ~,.\(., l"lle' ....,.'"
bee" ""'I.U1'<l "'1.... 'iH "'Iolo"..-.:I........ <T1'1<' buold_
IM""o"'~'I' bt, ......." .""<1"",, da",,,,,, I. ~.,..." ",,,I ,li,plnel,,1 h., poll"l;;;ill~ s''''Pt"r"",
II1j!:8
.u~h
..
,,~
UiI(-d
10'
tl...
achool.
I TIl<' indtHrial installution< in I\"g",,,~i
da .. "~ ,. ,q",p..,"'
II tools. ""eh "8 ,1.iUs, di"" "d t"p. ~'P'"
6. Macbinfl'Y io R~infotce<lCo.o"el~ Btri\d.
(~"~. 1 i,,","t ",up) ,o",i.",,1 01 2Sfi .tr,wt"rt'S '"
,p,l nhollt 1>\' Ihp 1,18'1 ."d ""llS1'qON'th
ings.
rctDlornd"""""'rt'le huild,,,l:'
"I"
,; '.it""1<.. II"'I\\,r" 5,000 re.'t O1o,th "nd
lO"II<I' o.....,,' ,
I \\ ~"Ihp, d."'81:" "mOtn\lll1;: to 6;' I"'''' PilI
4,700 r~t fro", OZ .-e... "'TU",unll~ dlm~ or
r,::t """th of
1'1... tot,,1 f1~'" I'U'C
.. ",nl< rial. aud ""nH.Ii'H,hf><1 Itrodo,I8 .ul.
h"'.1
""nle"" dl",a~""l, T"'eul~",,,,'CIl
ullhz('<1 fo' l'ro<',.".in~ "nd slOrnl:"
,-,,400,000
,hlTr,NII d,o:,,,,," or ,la'''''l;(o. pn,,,a,,[,' from
bu,ldi,,!:", on. 01 "'I"eh "'u <If ",eood, i~I<>n'OJd_
"'lua,., I, t. ,listril",h..l ,,,,,,H'I: tIll' ",.",.n,1 .t,"e' ....L
8n,1 \\'oather
""''''........ and 1t 1-I...,ne """'SlTU<lion,
onn_
tu",1 Iyl
as folio\\'",
,~,,,",
__
The clTe",t,,, ,In,,,age nH'" he .""''''An....1 8lI
a,... l "ilhio ,h,
Th.,. ... "oiood;-:;_,
ot-'''K
stTUctural d.mog. hy W... anol SO ~n, inICrior
ws:
n. Sleet 1m,"" (he.,,), "",t ,,,,,...,
B. 11"",', " 1I""",,..
fire do",~, Fou. hnndrcd ond 'CIl1I1ochi"" t<o>l.
M
liKh').
!llnohi". 'oo'"
ZI
6. 1... "t
I""'" ,"'ore in".l1cd in ,I>e;e hnddings <lr ,,'hich IH,
~, n";"ln,,,,'(! 0"".,.,,1" __ ._.
,. ll,i"1,,1,,,"''''t,_,
-,'
':qnip",,,"1
36
d. M"ed ",i"fo"""l.ro"'OI""",,"I.. I..,1 f...,,,,,,
OT 36 ~.....,nt,
dOlIlIll" Cou_Qld"""
(I) Schoo'" (I<'''IK>'''C)'ll
~l""" 100"'-.
&
,. ilti<:k.ulled (pl&'" ,,,,,,_fo,.,."''' 0",1 o,,'g<OtI t'rv(2) Ind",t,lo!.
' , 100
~'W, ..._.__
15
o~'" ... .re dehn. (""lla~ paru of Itrurtllre';,
<,11"",1 r,,,,,,o.
lOll
U". mo""i>.L, ""d ..,n~",,"hed produ<\-_
to
du"" "l"'I"''''''')'
IlO p"",om, ..'.atbfl', It P".....,nt: fi... ,mostl)' by
J. \\'~ I",,,....
burn,ng ",ICTtOr In"". II pcTTfll'.
In 'I'it, of til< 'lati"e1y .malll~=tlln~ of
2. ~o da",ng., 10 H\"d,i,,~r.'
'''I"ip'''''''1 \'y
". [)(,h,," ...,.,UlllM lor I""'" d ~ in 11_
age to p,im,,')" "<\"ip",,,"'. 1088C!' or other
lin' ntomie !>om\, w,,~ "",onlrol outsid" u r"dill~
"Iruet","", tlo.n in .lmframe build,,,,. 11 ..

IS ",,,,,hi h",'~ ea"...,,1 a complete .hlll-<1o,,'n

01 (;,500 feet lro,,' GZ. Within tlti. ""Iiu$ 1,8-1.
1. Machine,y m stcel b~,ldmg~. '0. 4 month. (J'll'nnCllC eslimate) berore 50 1"',.
int,""'t;"" '<I OQte tbal ooI~' \I pcTTflll <>I' ,be
",n,hin,.;; n".r "pproximlll,ly 450 p'e'<:<'" of "'''10'
mum ,ange fo, duno.j.."l to mduat",,1 SIll, 01 prod"ction co"ld h.,e been """"",d,
",od,in"'! "e.... dlmagod by Ii... dc.pil~ .'id",pftO<I
"'l",p",,,nt \\"~re ""nta;n",1 i1\ I(i huildi,,;; g'o"p".
Ii*, ill Ih. boildi"ll' in,eri(l...
SlrLli'llll'"" ,,'as (i,IiOO feet; s"" .. l" .. al d"""l: The ",Iatio"s de'enllincd bet"'"",, Ihe ,hun.
1'h,' di",nbmion "f th'... ",nchi,,,"s nnd ",(',ip"",,,,
in this ,anl,.'<' \\",,~ fib pcn'rr", the phie! 10 "-,,,,,,I.fmme a,,,l ."-d.rm",. ,'rurtures .lId
D, .:!fl'lric l11>1all.a'iomo .''''''' H)O [lCJ'I'mt <1.0....
in II" ,Iilf~n'nt str""tt,rt'S wn. as follows:
a~""l b~' fire itt ronlT&>' 1<1 p" ond "'''lor bum
which "as hla.l, Fires "-em lleglib~ble&ll',l1aehi"eryCOlltnin"III",,,,i,, (l'a, II 3) should
,,hi,,1t .us'ained ooI~' .ligltt d~ Do~ lO
only slight da'''_go.
mflicicllth' ",-","mle '" be applicabl, ill pl"l',,,,,,n lOOt. ..... caused b~' blasl and lire and
,;. !\ino hund ...d Iw"nt.,-Iwo macln:i,tg the ,:rrN:t of thc """,b in a,W Prol,.,.".,.f
a. ll...,,) ."J t'tlIlI..'""II""".:
a,,,ounlOO 1<1 45 pc...,.m, Ro.. ",oteri&! olld
9:!Z ",",hin""
3:18 pie..,~'S of e'l"il>roclli w"n' inSl"lIl'd "k whid, may be coMi,I,....1 in Ih,. rUIll"',
338 <quiprue" ....
..",ifini,J,ed prodtl'''''''''''aioed tO~nl ,1:"",&gC.
h"ildings,
or
tl,,'$I.,
21
I"~,,,,'nt "I tilt ~'" we'" rr,ollglo ~X8ml'l,o;; 01 dam"l:" in tlll....
~. Keiulord ",,,.,,,te:
", TI... ~If"""j, ... dOlIlagt' ",ay be ""mmaNed as
"nd 31i perc"111 of tI><, t'ljllipmcnt slIst.i"" .Iing trl"'" '-"I:i,'c" so"n,lb8llis IQr II", fij..'tIn"
~tO
folio.... :
of ,"rio". deg"'",,. Cnlls,," were:
I/'nt("II\(',,. The ,.Ialion bel,,'....n damage to

""';1' : \

.1"'''''1(''

""ria"o,,. ''' ......

,"t

high-~"i~I~:;:::"r~;:;~:';'f ::'~1~~~;~:'" :',~: J~n'nln",' to llllxilj"ry

(lllro.C....

"""8

20,&';

(]Z.

w".

"".I

",.,bi"... __

<.

001"'1''''''''''

\\'~

fram"
50:! """'hil>eo_. .

n .... uip"'.n'.,

.,.".,,,..,".....

""
"

"

1
.,,'"

".01; 0'

"0

':::I

,I""

_.

''',,,',

"1<",,1'''

'001.

1,"0""

""It"i,,""

"

(I) 70 [l""'c"t debris IItHI 1"I~ral lIto.. for1,,I-"':mcrel. i"d".tri.1 bu,l<h"p .~"l ma.
. , ,on' tl",..,i,, is Ilotor Ih, "",n. onlerof ",h.ol>,lt"..
whole St,""w," c"""",,, ...,",tu,,""g
'I,
~
. lo'l:h 1"'Tc<"nt"j:c 01 ,1"",a~'1' to ",od""" tOO
(2) 27 perc"Il' weotlo,,.
"i"fo...... I_t,"I(.ret" b"ildin~'" ~."" d,,~ prl1"anly
(:1) 3 poreenl fir<' (btl,nt't1 dL",,i. 11101""1.,. 100 pert."", t1"",a;:~ in th~ eollopsl'<l_tion.
(.) Irc"ther dUlling.. "0111,1 Ion"" l",,"lllil,ling>l29 "nd 31 j" (;ro,,1' 26, Th"," ~we
h)' simpl, !<'IIlI>or,u',V co'c,inj..""
.fo.....,l_eone"'t", "","",~l-llk", stn"""..... d.....
,,~I for i,,,I,,.t,i,,1 us. lou, ,,,In,,,,,,ly ","ch
tke, ot",cllln,lh' lhm, Ih" "Ihe, ",inf..,,,,,,,I.
en'le bl1il,lill~~ in Ihe a"", Cond,,,,,,,,,"
..Ion tl", da"'''l;c lound ill II", ""hool h",I,ln,!",
,.. wo"ld bc mono n".dy ""rrt"('t Th,,,,I,,,,,,.

27
.~

3. Tho rrln,iott I"'tw,,,,,, tl,, r",r~""'''g~ of

,'n'Noml d."t"g.. 10 huil.li,,/!:" ""dthe l",rcl''''''l:t'
or d.,nngt to tl""r "otl\~nU is 6hllWtl ill th~ rollow_
ing tahle:

'

-"

""

0':.00 f....'
Il".. ~ ....... "'-rrl".. <1 tlot't..
",,,I "I"I,ho),,,' I"".. '" 1'1"",,, "Nt, '"
,,,,,,,,,,,1,1,,,,-,, 01" ..." "~f,,r """,.,,~ 12~lIlo
12. I'rior 10 0 AUIt,,@t 1ll.5, \0lt
.1I..,kt<1 ,..., tnl I",,, .. "II ('01"'''''1
1.oombol Til.. ".",ag.. tau....! I,l' 11_.t
......<I;IJ, "1.."llfi,,,1
,""1.,,,,1 fl'Oln I""
1>",,,10 01.'''''1('' '1'1"'. "'O!It. ",'ri..". II"
!lull of I ,h'll"""' I\Hf>, ,,, ,..I""h Ill<' looil",
fo",,,II)' belo"ll"i"l( lO II", :\1jto"hlil.o;
Workil.t .\kunon", " ...... do",all"oo, " .
.bo ponl, po",I"zr<lllrotluehon ,n tl... ,
~1 ....1 Worb 1.0,. ..,..n"g ,hrt<rt hit 08
dr""I'. ''<\'''1,'''''111 for he,,'-)" l'l"l'l!il<'n
n. 'I'll<' f",,,,dr....I,op 8t ,\k""o",.
Worh " .....i,.. 1 ,ix di"'('1 hil_, l'tOl,,,hl r I
pou,..I, lIrnr",IllUrpo." "0",11lI, tb....flr.~
0'''' ""1101 :. l",rr""1 ."d disPr.n...:
o.-"rt....<1 cra""_
~. The boilrr ~hol' <'O""lining llS '1IIlfo
ee;" ...1 8 d"<'<'1 hit~. '1'''-0 ,,,otl,,,,,,,, 's
.1;",1 1""'",,<1 rrl>llir ",,,I 10 wt", h...,.il,
by btul .nd fngmtnl.. T .... r.-~ ~
efigt,t1J. d"m.~1 b" b1a.;;1 .nd r.."...
r...eti"" of ","chin... da",ngNI "-all ~. I'lt
... ,\ tOI,,1 of [ii bornb hitjl "'e", id"nl'r.,
Ihe "Ieel 1,ln"t nre", The ooml>! "'~
&oo-r><ul1,,1 to 2,000-11O"nd genenl.pu'l"li!
mosl ''''I'..n"nt <l.m.ge 10 machinery ia
..- tht 10 the hyd",,,lie pre!!l!' ... ui~
in the l'ro<:t"'II>,ng 01 l"'a>'J' fotgi~
IlOund ji:ene",l-l'"rllOSC bomb !lCOl'f~d . ,
0" Ihi. NI"'I"" ..nt, "ll5<'lliul: 0",1 rtM
PI.nt ofliri.l. t'<I'm.leol lloat II to S
Io'e '-n ...... "ined for nepooira 10 thi>,..
plant ~Io'" forgings rould h., .. 1-...
11. Th... hil'~ ""d d""k~"nl. " ..rr_
sl,..cral "uoek. which e"use.l ao",r da"""
ernlJ""1105l' boml:r.l 'or."'''1( in ~ .....
IlOUnd~ to 2,000 llOUllds ,,.. no " .....1,n

n,l tl,.." ,1~'trUNM' ~ nO' 01 .......,u' ...",qU"IIN'.

.
II 1
. Fi,'" hu"d .... I.",I''''' ,,,nrhi,,, ,,"'11' " .. tn '"
in , , - ~In... tu_; 4.6 or 9t; 1"' ", ""lrr~~
d~
Fiftylour 1"'
1 of Iho; .~.",.j:f'
01 .... 10 u~un' to I
f'k"....,t~. fin' d.,~
.mount...lto to I"'......"t. I)o-bn:l an.l "'~,.. ",,,,~
",rill of th. ~ln"I""" n",,""IllMI Inr W I..."",,,t;
''''nlUn,i,'ll f..rh,,,,,lthr ",nrh,nr ruti"~",,.rn"
int:
d.,rwpo. BII a",1 a O'O",b",a"o" "f
1>1..1_ fin', and d .. bn> d.mal:f'll 10 1"'.......1 of tb..
......h,!W" 1'.01 ullllllotS .rn' .I.",.~I br~""d

.,,<1

..-no...

"'I""r
~ ~"'"U 1001. ",,,I n," ","I,'ri"l".I"i,,,,,I.I,,,,,
109<' from hi, ."d r.~l"..un' t~ thr "lrme"l. to
Ibr rJ<t.... t of 6S I"'...... nl .0,1 I" 1"'.....111, ..... pt,,ti.......
8,T.b1t I "' ...."""a". of 1M d.m~ "':'.t.;n~~
by tl,e ronttnt_ of the ind".t ri.l phlllt. in '" .gllSlOla
whPlJ Ihe "t01n;r 00",10 ,INon"I<'<1 1,.00 fl"<'t "h..... e

tberou""
,. By ('(ll1I"'~ Ihe 1i1l""1"",1 tyV"" ... rw,-t<d

';tl> .'rrav ,Ddu,trial ...... t. in Ibr l'nmd :->t.tel,

1M foDo.-i,, d.,~ ",~hl br rrll>Onably r-'"
r-t...1 ,f "" Mo""r bomb "ere <Ieto""I",1 al>o,-e
.uch IlI.nts.
10. In oolh tlto'l,f",,,,r .",1 ...",fo... MIron.....te
buildinr ,,,,"", .....'" I,~.-y Ie-.. in S/I\&U lools
and .....Ufint.hrd .ntl
ifi."ished produeu ,,h...,
Ih_ obj'-:la ".-r",
lI
1 .oo.,t by blallt ."tI
r~J>OSI"I 10 ,hunng. 1,)" th. w,'athrr. ,\lIho"gh
tb.rr wo"ld u"d ... "hl,~Ur he Iwn,',' d.",n~,' to
1'- ilrmo if pl."t in th~ l'nit~1 ~t.l", ...,.....
u..,kf,d -..ilL .n .1o",,,, boon". 1b.. ."....t~
foil......... in this rou"'rr in .toring ...d, m.t~rials
,muld ""hI tl", ....;,. 10 point C'O"sKI~.. hl~
belo,, th"t f""n.1 in ,\'.. ~nSllki.
II. Th.. maxi"",," d;~I.nc.. from G:r. a, which
m..,hi,,,, toolo. and oquipmrlll .crt' d.m~...1 .as

........ " ...

....... f~....f"T_

.
Slftt f.-._
"-"'<_ R<-W_

4. M,,.d rei"r",~, t<n.... t~ .,~l ,t",,1

11'....1 r""""

r",,,,"

i f-'-~

t'"

S.OOO

0110

'.000
8

"
9":,

,.

II

'.

tilt
.'~,

-- -

,
;

! !

.. ,

51

.,

51

,jJit' .::;1it' ,

,,

,. .,. h

I" .

,j ,
i

, ,i
iE
, !
I 1
j I .
I,h

'H~ I

E~

!
~.

:!i: :!.:

~i
I.

;;;::

I I I I

~~~i

r:
l~,
lI :

:d!

Ifll
. t11.
-; J

-',I
ta: '

s I

1'~';

,i~

"

.I
j! I I'111I 'II!I ;\H ,! d.
, - i
--=1~11
l - If-'- f--l - - :P:

-
! ,
!
, ,
. :'
1
, i ,, - , i -
, ; , , ~ ;t-!.
,, ~ i . !- Ll
- . !~ I
, ,
,
.. h
'i :" !
!
- ; i
i.l
.,
.. h
!.

i' ...

.-,f"

, !
i II

, ,

HIll

JI

tIIn

,ng 01 ,I... b",I,Io"tr".

1'I..n' o/f,..-lo .uIn.....n-1 .h_ 101 d.,,~ ""...

,.;M<I Lll ,......00"," .ll.~l.'" loll".,

-"

1}.I11.~'o In

b." Ih_ .10"'''' hOnll, ... u. ,h~... fo~

,;1.1",1." 1101' '}"I'" of bllil<l'''II";'' .h....
110".....1 .",1 ." Ih~ ~If....," of .h~ 1,...,
l",il,io,,)(. ~:"e" .he ~lIb",(,""nl ,I.",
1,,' ",'1"'.'''''' hI ,h" "",,,ioN "no rd.
,I~... ,<, lOr dalll"~'" ""ffer,..1 by lh" 1,,"

'"

'"
"

loou"",1 '"

d.",~

r","w,l,'-

lOft,..

:=

..

~.~

ii~

III. GENERAL INFORMATION

_I

Stt~1

"'C.

h"u.oo Ih~ 'OBI.

.0 ",a,hnw tool. lou I n

T.blf' I. 1Oj..........' ,Ib d OIl II I.

"'11" .. h",h OOu_l ..... 1001 nd lilt
da",al:_ tIIllre.td b}' u ..h bUlld"'l:,
... IM'"'' 1...1........ " 1",,1<1"'1: ,Ia ...alle I
1001 oI""'''K" enll be .""I~,.,,,l.
15. 'J'),,, J"I""ll''''' pm,,!i,'" "r 1"1I1
J",,,e,, It''ll, .nd ....,.., li",' .1....,.. ~""'"
buildi"".... result",1 ill .".....1 <t'"lage Ie
u..hl..... Tl", Ii'.... "'<-ff ""l,,,. bIo.-,
tM b1.M of 1.... bomb or pullf<1 ,10..11
nd nJll"p""1 building<. AUJulilry
....$ .1"", 01 ~ud, ".IU~ thl it ,_
,1''''.10(,,01 l",c.u!l<' of ,I'lll."~ '" II>,
,h..",,I,,'"
16. ,\llhough Ihe frRelion or ,1"Ill.~
"",.hi,
10'" .. nd Illll.h of 'h'"
oIight, .1 o"",-aH tlf""t 01 lh.. bomb ..
rquip"",nl. nd ulili,oes "'-h iO
prodllMlott """'I"e,el}' ;n .nall} of 1-""
......,. 10l1lr lleriod ."d to ClIUoe ~I~
r", ",.nl' month. 10 cottle.

:'oliuuhl hi
and .\nn. I'lan .
,.,,,,,"hi Slnp}...d .nd Engu... Wort.
3. Th.. dalllll:r cal..gonM IlStd ia
nre delin..d a;; follo..-.:
(I. 11I(181.
Dllnmge h)" d;"~'l ai, I"'"
b. f),bri.-D"Ill11,--e by eoll"l>Sing'
l,ut8 of Ihe SI'llelUreR, l"l~ntl ,no"O'V
complNe 8IrueIU,"" lId f.lIi"l: ",.~
c. Firr_ D'lIl~e ".uM'<1 b~' dirtr
"'ith burning ~""Ine.1 a,,~ili.arit<

f'~,
of 1'b}...,.1 D.rn.agt'
T.. m Z, <"OIlducI...llhis 8.,n"r_
t. The inlormation "'1.1;... 10 the .... tu.1
,la",agr to i"d".lri.1 pl.. nu .nd t<1"ipm,,"t ""
"bl.i"ed by field ~un'''Y I~,,,~,, 20 O<:lohe, 19~,j
.",1 29 X""cr"he, 11145. So",,, riata "ere ,,1..-.
oltl.i1!ed b}' i11lern.>pI;o" "I ]llRnt otll I"d
front p1am",JION D,lftrnl! official. 01 tl
rno
plam f~\ltmlr P'"~ ",,"0lCltng it.ltmtnB
Some oltm..inlormalioon ..... disftpnled !lUI .. hal
appNrnl to .... ,'''' _
Iogi<;al II.,. h.'f I-.t
......J III Ihia I'I']1OM.
ft. PhOlograph .. ,h..g.."'", .,,,1 1,1"". h,,'-e 1_"
11..... 1 .."I""I,,'.ly to l"I'I,I~l1\c,,! the d"'''III:''

I. C.pt. _\ f:

l).n:lOOIl

debri~_

"posu"

d. II"t(lIAu.- Damage b}" ..

'"..n'<.

4. Th,' term. llSl'd 10 dc'".'rilH' ",.cluJ'

,lc/i"f<1 n:
a. Tot(llly dalM9t.I. :\ot ",'or!b..,..

.".I).s.

"'luil""~"t da11181o(e R,""

. A,..u....l.OUI".nt priorto9 '\"I:U' 19~.;

not Mud,.'ll III MI.,I .'Ib .he u .....tion 01
1M
of I .\ugu>1 IlH5-hirlo .la~ II...

.r",

6 I/tflrily dfl"'f1~/. Hrquiri~"'"

".I,,"e;ll' 01 nonn.l l11.inl..... ~ ~taf

."ad:

"

"

,
N

')

'00
0

500 FT.

10...01

AKl.WOU'U.

.-GRf1J..!

~,I. STUn~

too'I"" '"

PLOT PLAN- _

~l.

...

-QO_!9'00!Q..._~-

500FT ,>
/

-::::-~IIO.~
T PLAN-GROUP
IiITliI

-"

-_.
~;;-__L---'=-~~

I!>

36

~. S:lo,AtI,

H",,"in"ll' "'!,",ie ..i,h'n

O.p"ri ., of non".1 "'.""o".,...r ".fr.
5..\bb
~

in Ihi

UN

'u,.ion.

r~.""""'"

_ 7.11

Ii..... of .""
,'O'!'"'"bOIl",.
9 A_, IlH".

t, .Ii':tro .... 7. Tho poin, In tho o,r, I.Too

r....' "bol'r II .., ~"Hu,,1 10",.1, "hrnl 'hn ahm,i,'
bomb ..xplotl"'"
~.I;"""'''N,,,,67

.urf...... ,-or",..II,. .........

poi", of drlOn.......
'h" .h.mi. 1",,,,1,
"'
6. H,.p.. ie
i" .'''''0'''''''' ",."ho,,.. I..,
t-" <lol""..,... 1 in "'''''' 0""""
OOI'.ul .......
"'i,h J.poo_ pl.n' oIlirio1.. Th """,,"
.....illtol
r ...""" as produced "' "'... " .....:
rnan_ho
;" ~-bl.r Io... er ,I.. n .b.t ;" ,
L"ni .... l S...... ,\..,,,...,.. ,lo'rnm".'ion <II Illt
...,io he'''.... n "n A",n;o.1I "lid" Jap"""", In
j,,,,,e "' "",,,,,,,,'h", pmhl"'".lit.. l. I"" " f.i, .....
h.. I"",,, "",im.tl'<.! 1<> I... ",.,....xim..oly 6.1 ~
okiUed "'POO" ,,on..

,i",r

"f ("<'r,.in 'rn,,' "hioh .....

port .... ,

of ,......om;" bo.nb,

,h.

J4....."J

Tl... poinl<>n'lorHrtl,.

.f'r.

'",h'.tri,,1 1,1.",,, ill .-.:..;:"..

.fm,,,,...

pla",

J.p"n'~

1a'P'" h"ulr;ll"IIol"'O'" buih bo... as "'011

... ""r...1 .'.... ra!~ e.me"', reU'''''''. "lid A"bTllr ",dual';... "mplny,.,] .pproxill1"'oly
1;;0,000 ...."""......
.hom ,,,o-Ihinl. 01 'hr .u~.

II"""''''.

or

~populal_.

Z.

n.. ~ , of t'- pIa",,, ""u UIliqUO

in ,I.> .rn"P lII; f uampl.. ,he i111pyard.

a1thoug" .ppa ",l,.
".... 'e unil in uO'Olf. oon_
lrot""l
production of ",aur other lJ\I;I<!in~
looa,...l ,,'ill,," II... 8,.,.1 IrOTh and II... ()r,I"all<'<l
Worb T .... Ofplliution oban, Pigu,," 2. abo...'
lhe fIo,.. of ""","", I,,"" all .\Iu....biabi ind .... rioa in
X.-ki.
:I. Tb" .\htlubiMi Sl:upbuilding Y.rd" Engino
Woek. (rig". 3, 4, 5) .'as Olltabhsho<l III 18S-!,
....... n " om.ll l!'-',"n",,~uH,wllod .hip au,1 ",paie
y.rd ill X.g... ki
In-8fol to Ibe .\Iiuubi>ll,i
Co. A
01,1 pKN"". _.blo'''",,,lIIa i" tI...
Fu }:.- " .... ~Iod by lhe J.p"_
.
Da.ioItal .Mututm. .\,.he limo of tM .tomic
bomb .uack. 'b,. p1a1ll h.d ""pa"ded to 'M point
",'bI'... i. Ottllpird. !.nd .roa of .pprox;mo,dy ZOO
i'I, a ... ne. !rolliage of aoom 3)1 mil...
.10l~ II......<'!I'rn' .I~ of S.patk, Ilaebur. Tho
~lllfl omployed;n .1... p1a"u '''"nard by'he
;th.....boshi Shipbuild". ~.rd . ~ from
16.000 to 40.oood~ the
It .''''one 01 .1...
1a~ ... ,pbuiklm(t" Oll'.hI
". in J.poon.
n. n", "'orh 00"81>,.,1 of I " "'ai" pl."u .ill>
..,,.....1 ."xih.,, 1'1.,,".....1 "Iuch Ihe "'oa, illl.

(~) The Tutb"... Compo,..", PI.nt .t }r""

.\Ill.hi. Group 36. (Fig. 6.)
b. The .hipy"e<! ooll~i",cd or 6 "I,ip.... a)8 ot>d ~
.,,~ili.,, buildi"p. The ,Iinw".io". of tlw.r
obip".'" ........ as 10110...

,",0.

,,

:0>0.

Xo.

'i:l"

""
no

"0-

'l;o- ~.

""
'"

,",0-

-- --, ,- ,
.....----.,
_,

,
I

,",0. I
,",0. 2

,",0.

~10

'00

""

'"

fl. T.bIe II III",..' II... production of .",-.cial "eNOla ."d "'.""up" bool~ .nd '10
...
ududing .hiflll "",Iee 100 I...,.. 1'1 .....
of ""me of Ihe \\""",hip" (,onoage "nk",) ") ...
"" loll",,'"
(I) ll.tI~,il": .\1.... <O\i, IIII.fI", ."d /I'"

,,.t.

WI,. 3.)

pi_

"

..

811 .71.000
lit. 000

...

.,:-

'"
*,

",
,,
'I""
I

..... _ .... 01>1.,.

r.... . - ,j,jp>

,...

w,

1\0 lIlip,.....1

G7,000

'1.000

m ..

,,
,
",

I"
1'1
I"
I"

:;::::..,
-~ .....',..

--

"'

,
,,

"
", "
I"

,
""I
"
1'1

"

,,1.,.,.. . .1 nO ilOrious dam.,.-

~ ...,oinie bo~b but so:,"oral hi" ........

'. lIP"""
..,

'::'

87\601.000

....0

-----

during I"gn-e~'-e .ttack on I

l ..... 1945. Thi. d.magt: is desen"""l in !)e",1On
nll. Insurallce figur"" ""d mho. fi".ne;ol delIi\!vUllOQ'1l in T~bl" Ill.
(. Tbr engi" oeks
of ....0 pl."'ll:
~. tlIr luroillO romp"""l11 -:-lion (Fig. 6), ....
... dwini: .boo "'ar .t S.i,,'.'-.\lacb' on 1aod

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O"",p" (~buil<l_\ )locoub"hl Todu,iral k _ , 1""

_ _,to 01 OZ (I"l><><oo G-t---tll, iW 13,
O"",p ,~ tI ""adM'a I)e"l'""" 0.,.. 10 8<1.001. 200II ...
_ . 01 OZ. 1""",.61,
O_p '0 " ""iId..,.,.l C_..... ia1 8<bool, 2,J1OO!~
01 CI

I"""''''

'0

~ 1'1", 1"1I0..."'ll' Kro"l" ,n'" ide",;".1 ill ,..

,.,
,
..~

~hs.41

O"",p 2 ,2 bulld"""" ,,~, lfOOI Work. ........

_10 01 GI.

('Three oth.... ~I"', 6,.000 feel from Gl.....

I.;...........--bot "'"" d."'"'J").

hou$llg .qU'I'......' ""

(O"emirtg r.."or i" the ,,,lnenhilit! IQ <IaIIoof

from Ihe .tomior: oomh. 1'.-0 buiklillJ Iypro..
rn" and rri"rorer<l .......,rel"...'/'T'P ulili:l<cl ..
I"",
u",ili.ry equip",..nt. \I'l>roXimo'olY;
....Ke'" of .u ~uipme"~ ..... ('Onl.i"",1 ;., ",,,,,,IU"". ,I......"'.ind.... ii, ..""rOJ'<'<'d'-"'"

9,IQJDMI, lION

~o

...

"

"hineo ........ :la,h-apble (38 !M'1ftilt).

4. DoIlPl~ 10 equil''''''IIt.-.\u",iliory and hot
~uipmrn' (noo.-. fumB"ft. and ,"" hk.. , io.
d... lriol pl.n'" is "'Iu.Uy .. ril.1 10 prod"""i....
are "",.hil~ ,ook and o,!orr" primory ~
n",,,h"""Y. It ...... t""",rore, deemt<l illlpootlll
10 .... I~"U III det.i1 thr<l.m&g<! IUSt.iRl'd loy .....

-"
. n.e ,~ .... o' ~1"""I"re

~OI'.u pno"ti<'ll p"rpoIlftI,beoe pl.nUl .........

....blt. It ...... ho...,,'"", ..tUnoI'" ,hoI B1lllil

..lJPtly ,1.rnagftI "'""hi.... -..ld be ........,.j'I...
.i,hin 4 ...e-eb (100,000 rnon--boun). ......0'atJ0
fQU'~' "'QUId noquin from 4 t08 ... eeb,.,..
11m.. SomP I"'nl of I"" ",,",.ily d.omB~ . .

~ ,0.
.

-S

G.Z

oH--+I>

.,.....~. "'Elf""Ii~e
..... ".'llIg<!

10 .... I"il''''''''' ,,-.~ .........

..-it"i" 6.ij()(l rre' or cz kl Ihe dl'j('n"l of do_
l-'C)"form.d elo5rl~' '0 Ih.' ror ", .,hine IooIs- '"'
",.jor rou"" or d.",.ge WillS hluI. Do"""
~n"eiI ,,-as ext ...,,,,,,,, h""," ."" "'oukl '"
""rio".I}. ,mpI",1 p.:ooueli.;n ir "o",i1iti" J,o'
co"'illu",l. Tho 10101 "Omoll" 'Q IIIC ~
OX)"Il"" plo", i" ,h" ci'}", 1"""'00 "",or G""'P'
.-"~. lWrio"" 10:-, .".1 U'0,,1,1 ha," ...... I"e.... elY!'

"

....

,,01< .--.. pO'"

"""HfC''''''-_

--

.-""--"'---

LEGEND

==.,....
=-

,....-

~
I

\'~'
o.

~b

u
,

(!?

10 II

, !

~~~s .......l'leoc_~
50

100 150 200 FT.

,- .

PlOT PLAN

GROUP 40

.-..., .........

"

,'II.

:l

:!

1 .,

, :I

",
,, ,
,,, ,,
I

11 ,i

,i ,i

~ ~

!I !

,, ,
I

1 I

I I I I ! ! I I ! ! !

1 1 1

~ ,I

"

,, III ,
!

1 ,,

If

- ~ ~. t~~j~Ii

'u

,
, I . . . ,,
- .1 .11 , .
-- - ,
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
,

, ,

~ ! ,

I,

.5'

~.

, , ,
, , , ,
,
'I,
-I,
~;1

! .i!

5~_....

-
--- - -
-
--

~~

N~

,i i I
11
,
I ! ! ! I
'\
'.!~lr
II
I
l
J
II
!i!
I
, , , , , ,, , . , ,

~ ~

I
1
1 , i

'll

~url'lI
lu

"

00 ,.. 'n~n'

0,1,," '~I"'P""'''' .",,1, ...

r~ 1"'~lu'~ ...... n,1 "''''1'''_''" ."IT",,,1

1 ,. .\n
,1."'.."'
,,",..... '11'"

"."'1,1.' 01 ,h..

!I.,,,,, "'

1.1' ,.!T."" ~~'

."-,,I..r .. "'1111""''''''
I'h..''''' 76
\1'1""~;,""'t'l" 1.000 f , I""" OZ.t.... l:lo... '0'
P"""",,,.. II,lI" fu....'" "' ","I.l,,'ll" 11 ( . 0,,,,'1'

~'6.

" ..

,.rhLllll' .1"''''''''.....1\

.~JIijCl

,."",,1., ...~

I"""" 65 r.... t ."".' r,,>D' ,I" lun

",,,I .,n,.. k
II 1 I.." ... "' Ih... t""'''''' ,,,tb ~
t , .......",.
bul "bou' ,,,,,,,"'<>I"'h., .1.""",," 10 tlo.. l'U1ld"~
It .~ t"", ,10..
liP!"" 01"'''
...... tion "
10" by tl... blJo.' .,..1 "... tI,...... I"..
........ .".
1 to bl..' tl", .. ,f ., 1",,1
loorK dr-d pooiU""
.
II. \nDlbn
of oloIIlafl" '0 .u~,I",...... '"
.Joo-"II ill Pbot"" . 7':;. An 0~Y"" lank, 1.100
_,It~ of OZ....... p" "",ly uP"""'1 '0
,"" .." ............1 ~I ..I by' bomb ".'1'\00.I0o

"oo, ..... '" ".

""'n '" ,'"

o<U"'' ' '

""'"

I, "' l'n,l",bl,' IlL'"~ ,lIio I...", w. ' .... ".''''''...1

,h"'"l(h tl", ,."k 1,1", ... (ll. mel' tlll"k)
th.. "'YW'" '0 ".<1''''''1. "",I ,h,..loy '''''''''Il nll,b.
,lo""....h.I...1 tol' of th.. ,,,,,k
,. ,\H ,"'p<:>""'" I""or '" ""I"<,,y ,. tl......... n.
tool "''''"1O.y 11,1 ,II.. pll ..," 01..." o""rIoalt",j
'" d.m.j.~' .,..Iys... I, " ... "h...."...1 tbot
.1'I.n"lJll."'I~ 6.'> I't''''''"\ of .11
"'l\b",
",dll'o "f 6/.00 I..." "I GZ " ..re """1.,,.1
.. nl~' 11.<'1_ ,.~. '""I u'"' 10 ,h~ .. I~m ..
"""'107,
"' b~' blJo.' "
",.jo, rontnhu,ing 10<\00
,n t h, """" 01 ",.ny o' til""'" '001$.
f. Tb" 10 1,1.m.iW to .n~i1t.ry .,..1ful.,d "'I....
lI..~ll p~c_I",,1 ,n I'I'"""",.~ ,h.. ",... h,,,,. 10loi
".""'~ "" ...mnul"ud '" T.bl" I. ",.. I 'b..,.
I..... ,,,th d.n..gp 10 """,11
-CIIoill
!>a", br<:>Ughl """I"c,ion '0 romp"""
....

"""''''1

,,,,,I>
'.m.....
n"'.

..,,,j"'...

10 '0 8 .~b

VI. PROTECTIVE i\IEASURES AND THEIR

I. ,...

""'

iDd

iao! of

PO""

..........-bIr ,I~t
'0
r pnor '0

"'IU,,,,,,,,,, ,n ,ho y

1-0. '-"'> ."...... and ,,","reI ,

~h" ...
inro_ ill Ih..
on,.n.al
....... to pro'oM prot..... _ 10.11 "",joe' l'Ilu,p_'" boo ......,..d"", tI... """,II......,. ..-i'h ..,.......,,,
....u. .;, boIlt>..-, ~ ..,.d.fillrd. pn>n.. uc
I>bbo o.n._
oI..... ~ o f _ I I
and mn!on'mE rndo. Ihry!>ad 10 ""1"",...., ,,'1....
-""" no.. ..............,..,,,,,, bill'.11 '~'pK

,
..,

EF.'EcrIYE.~ESS

molon for lIyd... ul>e "'IU'p'......I. 1I0oI

J-<l gl"eo apoocial ." tion A.....' hot - .
P1lOlo 79..,.,.,......" -..1
....., boil l'OlInd - . .

iii , ....1nC

VIU. MACH.INERY DA)IAGE BY THE ATIACKS

....,f..10"'" .~,h bM''Y .,....1plal""-W

~ TW
1 1 pI.1l1a in 1\agua.ki .-_ ""b.-,
fllrt~ pro, """ by C'O .."nng of oandlooo ,....
1 .ir all.eb .;th C'O">"l'~'I>onaI
"", molor "'
n in I.... pIoo,ograpb
...
~ '-"" dun',!: ,ht pl'riod 27 .lilly 1945 to) I
p1..
ohMold<d in th"
'rom biuI .....

1M!>. .u...,h I'M' 10 ,11t6e ... usrd only

and ' ... g"''''''.''''' of. '.!.OOO-pound hq;b.v:.....
bomh drop.,.,.J in I
1I""k "f I AIIgtlfl 1M>
!. "".ll-.d:OO I AllguR' 19-15. inflicl"'! ....,-y
,,'b;eh ""'...-<'<1 10 f '
y. TItio
cr
J'O'O,....
.00 rro 1 .-If li .....pillSl ,be- ~ .-r .. f<lluipm,,"t .1 ti... :\litaubislti Ship.... Illt :\h...,bW>i .:Ilgint Worb ., .-\knrou...,
fron> , ..... ,,,m;e bomb.
_, ,;,tM pla.e< or 'I.............,. l'bo''''"'
.... }htillb..hi Su~1 .nd Arms Worb "
!. AI". I"" .".rk. hId, or '10 ."""'ion_
Prtoul hoi...... ~."". 1'''0'001 i8. I'l:!. 89.
lIcn)J.d:lI.
gt...... 10 l'ro,,,,,ting "",ellin.. l'! .pillSI II....
,. Poorf<d ..no. l'bo'o> .~. "",I 8S-9Z.
T... buildinr in GrollP &2. the ..ngint ..-orl<5
IIV-IlU; ronilOll.,..."d.-. II... machi....... ..,If..rf<d .I. s....n..., 1'1>010 i9
II~ (.';g. &j ...-en:> l"t in th~ .nark.
.....,1.... dan,.p. "1'110'08 93 .nd 9~ ol_
, E.nh-lillrd ........ll~l""', 1'110'00 s,;---s;
,\ itt1;"n "I Buildill!:" 12.11... f""",lry used
eIf.... i'., m~.hod ,h.t " ., ~ml'loy ..1 b~' :\litAl.k
T..... dI"~I"_..... II' ,I... Qfdrrug,"''' .1",,,
T'"'bin, Comp<:>,..."t Wo",~ lI.d ",h... ploMI .~ ....ti"ll:. coll",inC'<i 1"'0 ellp<>l.~.IId.
::'oaooboo~. pa-I 0" 'N IIO"om I..",.. o' "",'-y
lony ,"",,".-I 10"",1~' e"'l' Eiglil g<'n"raI
"Iih...l ,II.. II ,h"d. ",.d,i,... ,I.","g<' ,,'ould.~
""",b",
........ u,...l ,~t ...... ,,ly. ","1 goo'" goool
,.,.... homho d.mlOl-:ClCI ,hi. b"ilding; si~ .~
I,...,,, <'OI..id bl~ .... luCl"ci.
.p'''~' ,.10., "''''''..1..1''ip.....''' uch
t ..o "'ere ntar-mi--. TI,~ ,Irue:~ IOmo""t..-l to 25.6 l)C'rren, Ont
M ,h" '01' or .. (""]101.... LL<;(1Il.!
.,. d'm~. A"olh"r homll hit 0 coIum"
VII. IJISJ>EllSION )'ROGRAi\1
:::<I.",i1l1l""1 01 R enm" o"d it ~"boc'<iu"nl
ord ..r wn iilil"....1 i" S<-I.t ..mk.. 19H " ..I<,;lIIl .... "'Itfcl loy ""1'''''' ... ith Ihe i:ro"n'1. nili"""
I. Tt... J.I.. '...... ,..,.1 ."'hon'
'" :-.g ki
...1
"'~"""
.....
'0
I...
t"ke".
.h
0
,,,,,,"'''11
...
~,,~h~ ~I.'""ge. prim"ri!)' b~' bl... "IHI
"'''Irolled tI... 'oo"'t..... '" ,h
",Ill i u 1
g""cy ~I'P. u mR"~' IllRchi",.. U po~ihl, ~ :
onlero "'P.. l,,,g pollr". to I", ..1"",,,,,1 lor proch .
~" h""m",,,,1 rel'Rir ,i",,, "alI 10.000
I...
1110,",1 .... R) fro'" ,he loelori,... I..''',
tMm, protcct,,t "'".,,_nd ,hOI"'''"'''''' ,\n

_p<'("' ",.,..

o' ......etl'"

1""'''''''''''

and

,,,,,y

,iot,

n"""""

met"'"

...-.

_!.i".""
...

""'U'"

ranging Irom MIO U, ~JlOO 1>0"",1. ;n ... ~

'TII~

,,'.'

d.",... mRi<lM by ,11_ .tl..,~.

no' .U"
~~J..I ,n d~,.il. b,,' d.,n"!t" ...1;""'''' b)' pl.nl

offi<UJo .,,,1 ,.ri~",1 b, 1..1" ",..I"bo'nI ".'" ...

fol\o....:

~.

"

)l. . _~..,.l"'lU'_'_ .

,u

~ . - l"",rturol..,.l oupotf<,."

n;a,oloO

-DtrtrW~-_"'"

1.).0
U

11oo..- - . - ' ..._ _ . . -.......1 .,.0<1,_'110\

.. 0

.. .\ IOt&I of r- bomb I,,"'''"fl'<! ......".1",1 ,,'ilhin

Group:."tl,"'" ~lil.>ub<!J1; "loH ."d '\,n"" Woru,
",.. bomb! .......... lhis .u.d; nn...t ,n .iu from
soo- 10 !,ooo--pouod. ~l-pu~- -r-.-.h.
dirKI hiUl .. tft .....-ed on buildinp ('(I(I,.iniAg
~ equ,......... l. .............. ,II.. bonlb plot
,P\ooto lOll' ....u. by p1.nl oftjrio.l... Th. bu'ld''''
~ _ . ; - I ill Ib;" .uack .. " ~lin,"I"'" 10
ban MeG 1~ P""""'" a,rurlUno! .nd lIllper6c'ial,
bul could _ br .-....,k"'" by IftllIl ""''''.........

."I_l"~'" d."".g" b) 1110 U..",i....""t, .. I.....",

mucll "r ,h ,I",,,.gr.
tot
(I) 'TII~ ,,'''''I ... Ii""i "".d,i"ery ,1""'Ke ote"'.... 1,,-hen. I.OOO-p""nd, jto"e",l-p"rl_ boor,b
(No. 15) ",,0,..1. di,""1 hil On' h\lil,lin~ ..... ,....
int: 1I).,I",nhc "'luil,,,,.. nl 10. 0110 ~.00l). .nd I.
1.0000lO" h)"<lr."I'" 1'.......... , 1'11. oomb e.. ~
!><l......... N .. 1''''''1''' ."d dilll,I .,...1
C<>tIe......
10.""lui"". "f ,,,-,, 150-10""""1"'''''' ..1""'n. '00"-'
(1'1101"," 95, 00). D'III~ "'
1""
"..11,
llipiJIfl" .,,,1 po..... i ... laU.tion .nd
.....,
I~an, ofr",i.1s .,.un,at",1 tit", tile hy,I.."I'" ~
...",,1<1 I>< ,nop"..li,. I". al'l,ro~'",,,,d) 11 '" I

,It.,

.....k:o
(Z) ~.....I ..-a'" pun' ... lor boir. gti-prodllrioot
.nd .,.,.1 ron~'Y"'"
U 5t'riouol,
d.nwpt! by I...gm~t.tion. Al'Pro~ifll.tfly"
..,....,.nlof tbf "Iili...... bo~. ground .."~
in ...n...., 10 I~ un,l.rground ,,'h;"11 ...

pla"'"

d.,.....

u",lmard
(3) It ..-.. .,..im.IM tloat ",.000

I.bor ... ould bf IM!CfMAry for

"'.n_

"'I""~ boef

of
__

Ofl"'"'tio... could bO' ,..,.., .......

IX. CQ)IPARISON OF ATO:\lIC 80:\18 AND HE BO:\IB DA:\IAGE

I. ~llIdI lbourcbl aDd 011011 ba~' htftI dift,,'M
wn.rd thf ....Iu.. of .1>< _ t oII i~.....Ibod
Ie.- pat:aI,...u.- prod:uclilMl in iDc!\Ot 1 pl.".. by
..Itaeb .ntll aeW ... ftI"'- n.- dl"orUI nlliDiDall'd ito the ~ 0( tM .tomic bomb O'"
~apoaki. It is 0( l""'t i"l.....t 10
the
damar inftirtfd.,.. maehinH1 and equiplMRt by
.........tiooal biP-esplcllli~. bomba ".,Ih 11..1

"''''1'''''"

"""1"''"'"''
1"''''-

ca...ed by thf .""""" bomb. Such.

. . MeG .UfIllptl'd on !laP 1(I/,k><IinI:~
z. ",.. obt""ti~... of .u..,I;, 'n't>deod to
lyu pr<>dortioa in induo.riaI pl.n'" ,,-tft 10 d.lllago' ~ .-.pAir Ih.
. ~1..,bit>fry.Dd equip...... t,
b l'laot ulilil~
~, !'mall tool.a (jip, fi~lu",'
If atl .ttack........,d' in d~ro;ri"~ .1... ilfmi in ",
b, or <, 1!If produclilMl of the I~."I ..ilI "" I"'nIy..od aDd
obj""ti,e of Ih...It..,k
pliobl'd
3. lIi~h ...
Tl\l' """"""" of lIip.....-"I'losi~. bomb\! i" ttl.i",", tlo_ ...,d...... bll .""'....lized brifily H"mb hid, did
~",lfr
ca.-I datn"K" I<> m."II;n... by I",g",."t.ti"" .nd

(""".i,,,

tI,.

i._

aff-O,,,.

pkHli....

"0'

"'''''Ii,. 0''" larp-r ..... Ih." ..............

..-b;"h e..."
; bo ... Ibf nodius of d ....,._
_II in .~ t
instanra. .-\ 500-pouod,_
....I-pu.....- bon,b upIotIirtg in 1M air "-aalik.ll,
to caute
~y d."Ul2f 10 unpro_I"" ~
...ithin
di... 01 ;)0 f~l_ Ou..id. Ihis nodi.. tJi.
d.map
slight. Bombs ... h;"h dft.....",,_
.he floor cau"'! ~ ~,-""" d.magf th." I....
"bi<b ~$phlM ...... lhe rool
. n.. .rr...u fron' bomb\! ..-""'b ....1..-..1 WlIt
.....t......"" lo.n ..... only tlightl. . 1.Ip'< d.... tloM
01 tl.., ~"'If'. This d ...lAg' ,,- in..ri.Wy....nd brokb....!i"lt" of II.. ",.e1,in'" .flfdOI.
n .. primary c.useo of d.m.go. ..-.... bl.,1
Rung ,Id..-;', ...1I;"h often o,-.rtumed 1I1e m""'~:..nh.bo"k 1"",,,...11,. broktl tl,. ..,Iinp ....
lormcd II,.
01 m.~bi~ol l,.""".lfnglh.w
........ ncho
to 11.. ground.
b. 1Il'.-.' ",,,,,Iiv,, in d.,ntging 0' de>trorlighl .urili.ri..... ....,h '" nb .",1 p. I..,woe.
but III...Irecl"' ..diu. I"r Ihill d.,n.gt' . .
lilllit..110 25 feft lro'" th. !>o;nl or lINo".lion'"
5OI)..pound. g."....I-l'"rJ'O'i" bomb.
~. 11t;lili"" ruried ill underground rond'""

,,-tft

.no!.

X. CONCLUSIO:\S A,"D RECO:\I.:\IESDATIOSS

\. Oa tbo btii< of tll ~rial p~tN Uld

....-.,l ill this po.1 it .. an be .."neluded thai
. . . 10 ........ i tool., fquipmrlll .nd Utilil_
...., from .n .. tt ... k .,Ih .n .tonU. bomb
.. ~ uPO" Ih. 'ypo' of building in .-bich
..,.... '*-1.,,<1 upon 110. prol""ti,-. tnMSU_
. . . .'e booeIl tak...,
:. }loobinN in ,..;"lo......I..ro"".... t~ buiktlllgs of
1IIII1u"l<>ry oonslmetioll II..... bfuff'
.... '" Sll";,i"g Iha" IhOllt in Ihi,,~ltd
buil,ling" whi"h l,.'-r t...:r1O~11~ ~l.t_l'OOfoo ...rthqu.k~l
~..".
Wiler llrot""tion lloan t1.....
or, .ooll roof In,_. Th. bum;ng of
~ 'blo mlfrior lrim "OI,ld ro"lrib"" to t1..
Iot.rior 1\o~1I trim .hould. t1'f~fol'f'.11f..-";<1"'"
lIarrl'tf [lInHI{I". should Ilf (illln of rcinlorred
~. oo'np.... hlc ill Blrengd, 10 III.. n'St 01 1M
""'" th.;0t .ll{Iuld I". "" lighl Ihu d.bris resulting
.. ~ d'-'trurlio" b)' bla;;1 would be 100 lighl
llJ~I' .""rJ,i"ery ....riou.ly.
lhllll 1II,,,,,ld he in underground oo"duil'

-'1

-.......s............"
..

..::1

g!'-'

6. 1l1 1 ,...U. p""lorahly 1''':,,".1 hoUo.... I,...

n' .1,,'...." ,n 1'100'<> 85 .ro ,,11"""0
olo"nl,1 ~
u.... 1 uwn,h.ly 10 1,.01""1 ,""lnor"I,lo

",,<I

"'o<h,....,

"n,1 "'IU,pmo"l

to...t_I_""

....

,7_~"

--.

'i-"" r...,

'~

~~~
fro", OZ.

onk:o.l .nllW.

.. ~
Oro"I' HI, n ..,Ooh"'l< -

,1.'".1"1 by 8....

"

--

1'_

....

'.-I_~

roo ,....

r.... l..- G!..

f . - (;!

r_I-"'_"1 _ _ I..

G_I' 2$
~

G....P '26. !:hoil."... ~l.

II.~_ 31

......,_ _

"

_. ....

1'......,11
~_

_ _ I ...

G~

....

c"",p:$

.,.~..,~

I\~~"

"

rlOQ'ro

21 -02OD , , f
M..bi

OZ. 0""'1' 4, Dui,", ...

"'.~ .~b ,1<1,,10

ll"iklI'l~

I'RO,." 22.-0.200 '''''' fro<" G1.. 0""'" 4.

l.a,l.. d~_ by "'11.1.......""."""

_5-_

1)00 1_ f . - CZ. C..... p~. BuiIdmJ~

a.... 01: Ma']" _oIIdol:1 ...... " ' - - -

P.""o 12,-4,800 _

r""" C1.

T....--.. ..........- _

Group 3&,
._~

1'"", .. 33.-

ll"'~lln~

by

17.
I,U.,_

f",,,

~.:;OO
f",,,, CZ. OMII.:I6, lluild>oO'
Tjl....' , .. ,nf............ looh_~

,......, __ __<._ _ ' . . .

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