Digital Switching Systems (Course Content)

B.L.D.E. Associations V.P. Dr. P.G.
Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology, BIJAPUR 586 103

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS (COURSE CONTENT)

Semester: V Subject code: 06EC55 Total Contact Hours : 52 hrs VTU Exam Marks : 100 Year: 2010 (Odd Semester) IA Marks : 25 Hours per week : 4 hrs Exam : 3 Hours
PART A
UNIT - 1 Introduction: Developments of telecommunications, Network structure, Network services, terminology, Regulation, Standards. Introduction to telecommunications transmission, Power levels, Four wire circuits, Digital transmission, FDM, TDM, PDH and SDH, Transmission performance. 8 Hours UNIT 2 Evolution of Switching Systems: Introduction, Message switching, Circuit switching, Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems, Basics of crossbar systems, Electronic switching, Digital switching systems. 4 Hours Digital Switching Systems: Fundamentals : Purpose of analysis, Basic central office linkages, Outside plant versus inside plant, Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital switching systems, Stored program control switching systems, Digital switching system fundamentals, Building blocks of a digital switching system, Basic call processing. 4 Hours UNIT 3 Telecommunications Traffic: Introduction, Unit of traffic, Congestion, Traffic measurement, Mathematical model, lost call systems, Queuing systems.
B.L.D.E. Associations V.P. Dr. P.G. Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology, BIJAPUR 586 103
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 6 Hours UNIT 4 Switching Systems: Introduction, Single stage networks, Gradings, Link Systems, GOS of Linked systems. 6 Hours
PART B
UNIT 5 Time Division Switching: Introduction, space and time switching, Time switching networks, Synchronisation. 4 Hours UNIT 6 Switching System Software: Introduction, Scope, Basic software architecture, Operating systems, Database Management, Concept of generic program, Software architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture for level 3 control, Digital switching system software classification, Call models, Connect sequence, Software linkages during call, Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction. 6 Hours UNIT 7 Maintenance of Digital switching System: Introduction, Scope, Software maintenance, Interface of a typical digital switching system central office, System outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability, Impact of software patches on digital switching system maintainability, Embedded patcher concept, Growth of digital switching system central office, Generic program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of digital switching system, Effect of firmware deployment on digital switching system, Firmware-software coupling, Switching system maintainability metrics, Upgrade process success rate, Number of patches applied per year, Diagnostic resolution rate, Reported critical and major faults corrected, A strategy improving
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING software quality, Program for software process improvement, Software processes, Metrics, Defect analysis. 8 Hours UNIT 8 A Generic Digital Switching System model: Introduction, Scope, Hardware architecture, Software architecture, Recovery strategy, Simple call through a digital system, Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability analysis. 6 Hours
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Telecommunication and Switching, Traffic and Networks - J E Flood: Pearson Education, 2002. 2. Digital Switching Systems, Syed R. Ali, TMH Ed 2002. REFERENCE BOOK: 1. Digital Telephony - John C Bellamy: Wiley India 3rd Ed, 2000.
Subject : Digital Switching Systems
Subject code: 06EC55
1. Prerequisites for the course

This subject requires the students to know the following: 1) Basic course in Electronics, telecommunication & Electrical. 2) Information about advanced telecommunication system keeping in mind digital switching systems.
2. Overview of the course and relevance to this program

Digital Switching Systems is a subject deals with switching, signalling and traffic in the context of Telecommunications networks. Students will have a clear knowledge of the basic functions of digital switching systems, switching system software and maintenance of Digital Switching Systems. On completion of this course, student will be able to: 1) Know the functions of switching systems and associated signaling systems. 2) Explain the basic call processing in DSS using block diagram. 3) Know the basic requirement for constructing switching system such as telephone exchange. 4) Design switching networks having a greater number of outlets than the switches from which they are built. 5) Know the switching system software architecture, some basic information that is needed to assess the maintainability of a central office and a generic digital switching system model.
3. Applications
1) The communication of information over distance is essential to civilization. 2) Telecommunication services are extensively used in business, in social life and for entertainment. 3) A review of transmission fundamentals is included for understanding of networks to telecommunication engineers 4) The subject provides advanced topics, suitable for practicing engineers, on networks, traffic, switching systems and signaling.
4. UNITWISE PLAN
Unit 1 : Introduction Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: Number of Hours : 08
1. Define and explain the structure of telecommunications networks against the background of the telecommunications business and network services. 2. Define and apply the various important terms such as network services, Terminology, Regulation and Standards. 3. Explain the principle operation of four wire circuit with neat diagram. 4. Explain Bandwidth and equalization, noise and jitter in digital transmission. 5. Explain the principle operation of FDM and TDM. 6. Explain the principle operation of PCM primary multiplex group. 7. Explain the principle operation of SDH and PDH. Lesson Plan:
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
The development of telecommunications, Network structures and Network services. Terminology, Regulation and Standards. Power levels, Four wire circuits operation. Echoes and stability in four wire circuits. Digital transmission, FDM. TDM.
L7 L8
The PCM primary multiplex group, PDH. SDH, Transmission performance.
Assignments: 1. Explain in brief with a neat diagram different network configurations and structures. 2. Explain the different types of network structures for telecommunication with neat diagram. 3. What is the necessary for dividing exchange into subdivisions? Explain. 4. 5. 6. Explain the network services for telecommunication. Describe the Regulations and Standards for telecommunication. List the different terminologies for various networks and their switching centres.
7. Explain the principle operation of four wire circuit with neat diagram. 8. Differentiate between talker echo and listener echo with path diagram. 9. Derive the expression for stability margin. 10. A four wire circuit has an overall loss of 2dB and balance return loss of 10dB,calculate o Singing point. o The stability margin o The loss of talker and listeners echo. 11. Differentiate between SDH and PDH. 12. Express the following power ratios in decibels: (a) 1.0, (b)2.0, (c) 4.0, (d) 10, (e) 20 13. Express the following power levels in dBm and dBW: (a) 1 mW, (b) 1 W, (c) 2 mW (d) 100 mW
Unit 2 : Evolution of Switching Systems and Digital Switching Systems Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. Classify the switching systems. 2. Explain the types of switching systems.
Number of Hours : 08
3. Explain the different functions of a switching system. 4. Explain the Strowger step-by-step system. 5. Explain the basics of crossbar systems. 6. Explain the digital switching system. 7. Explain the basic central office linkages. 8. Explain the switching system hierarchy. 9. Explain the evolution of digital switching systems. 10. Explain the stored program control switching systems and basic call processing. Lesson Plan: L9 L10 L11 L12 L13 Introduction, Message switching, Circuit switching. Functions of switching systems, Distribution systems. Basics of crossbar systems, Electronic switching. Digital switching systems. Fundamentals: Purpose of analysis, Basic central office linkages, outside plant versus inside plant.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING L14 L15 L16 Switching system hierarchy, Evolution of digital switching systems. Digital switching system fundamentals, building blocks of a digital switching system. Basic call processing.
Assignments: 1. Differentiate between message switching and circuit switching with neat diagram. 2. List the advantages and limitations of the Strowger, crossbar, electronics and digital switching. 3. With a neat sketch explain cross-bar switching and its operation. 4. Mention the advantages of automatic switching systems over the manual exchange. 5. Explain the working of distribution frame in Strowger exchange. 6. What are the advantages of stored program control exchanges over electromechanical exchanges? 7. Discuss the evolution of digital switching system. 8. Explain the basic central office linkages with neat diagram. 9. Explain the switching system hierarchy with neat diagram. 10. What are the building blocks of digital switching system? Explain in detail. 11. Explain all types of basic call processing.
Unit 3 Telecommunications Traffic Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. Explain the unit of traffic. 2. Explain the congestion in traffic. 3. Explain the mathematical model for traffic. 4. Explain the lost call systems in traffic. 5. Explain the queuing systems in traffic. Lesson Plan: L17 L18 L19 L20 L21 L22 Introduction, unit of traffic.
Congestion, Traffic measurement, mathematical model. Mathematical model, lost call systems. Lost call systems. Queuing systems. Queuing systems, solution of examples.
Assignments: 1. 2. Derive second Erlangs distribution formula. Define and explain the following terms:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING i) Traffic Intensity, ii) Grade of service, iii) Busy hour, iv) Blocking probability, v) Blocking network. 3. Derive an expression for the loss probability for a full availability of N trunks offered a traffic of A Erlangs, assuming poission distribution for call arrival. July/Aug 2006. 4. On an average during the busy hour, a company makes 180 outgoing calls of average duration of 3 minutes. It receives 400 incoming calls of average duration 6 minutes. Find: i) The outgoing traffic ii) The incoming traffic iii)The total traffic. 5. 6. Define the following terms: i) Traffic ii) Queuing systems iii) Congestion iv) Lost call v) G.O.S. During the busy hour, 1200 calls were offered to a group of trunks and six calls were lost. The average call duration was 3 minutes. Find, (i) The traffic offered (ii) The traffic carried (iii) The traffic lost (iv) The grade of service (v) The total duration of period of congestion. 7. Observations were made of the number of busy lines in a group of junctions at intervals of 5 minutes during the busy hour. The results obtained were: 11,13,8,10,14,12,7,9,15,17,16,12. 8. In a telephone system the average call duration is 2 minutes. A call has already lasted 4 minutes. What is the probability that: i) The call will last at least another 4 minutes? ii) The call will end within the next 4 minutes? 9. A group of 20 trunks provides a grade of service of 0.01 when offered 12E of traffic. i) How much is the grade of service improved if one extra trunk is added to the group? ii) How much does the grade of service deteriorate if one trunk is out of service? 10. If 1000 subscribers originate 60 E of traffic in the busy hours of a telephone exchange, with an average holding time of 2.4 min. What is the busy hour calling
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING rate per subscribers? If these subscribers loose 30 calls in the busy hour due to congestion what is the GOS?
Unit 4 Switching Systems Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain the single stage networks. Explain the gradings in switching networks.
Explain the types of grading in switching networks. Explain the link systems. Explain the G.O.S of linked systems.
Lesson Plan: L23 L24 L25 L26 L27 L28 Introduction, single stage networks, gradings. Types of grading, Applications of gradings Link systems: General, Two stage networks. Three stage networks. Four stage networks, G.O.S of link systems G.O.S of link systems
Assignments: 1. 2. What is grading? Describe various types of gradings. Design a two stage network to connect 12 incoming trunks to 9 outgoing trunks and arrive at the optimum solution.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 3. Deduce the total number of cross points to three stage switching network with N incoming and M outgoing trunks. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Compare any five features of single stage and multistage networks. Differentiate between single and multistage networks. Design a grading for connecting 20 trunks to switches having ten outlets. Design a three-stage network for connecting 100 incoming trunks to 100 outgoing trunks. Design a grading for 16 outlets using switches with 10 outlets. Find the traffic capacity of the 2-group grading shown, if the required GOS is 0.01. Design a two-stage switching network for connecting 200 incoming trunks to 200 outgoing trunks.
Unit 5 : Time Division Switching Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. 2. 3. Explain space and time switching. Explain the time division switching network. Explain the synchronization networks.
Lesson Plan: L29 L30 L31 L32 Introduction, Space and time switching. Space switches, time switches. Time division switching networks Synchronization.
Assignments: 1. 2. 3. Explain time-space-time switch with a suitable diagram. Explain frame synchronization. A T-S-T network has 20 incoming and 20 outgoing PCM highways, each conveying 30 channels. The required grade of service is 0.01.Find the traffic capacity of the network if: i) Connection is required to a particular free channel on a selected outgoing highway i.e mode 1.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING i) 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Connection is required to a particular outgoing highway, but any free channel it may use (i.e mode 2). What are concentrators and Expanders? . Discuss the need for frame alignment in time division switching networks. Explain double ended unilateral and bilateral synchronization systems. Explain with the help of diagram the working of space switch. Explain with the help of diagram the working of time switch. A T-S-T network has 20 incoming and 20 outgoing PCM highway, each conveys 30 channels. The required G.O.S. is 0.01, 0.02, 0.001, 0.005. Find the traffic capacity of network in mode1 and Mode 2. 10. Network has 50 incoming and 50 outgoing PCM highways. Each conveying 40 channels. The required grade of service is 0.7. Find the traffic capacity of the network in Mode 1 and mode 2. 11. A T-S-T network has 20 incoming and 20 outgoing PCM highways, each conveying 30 channels. The required grade of service is 0.01. Find the traffic capacity of the network if: i) Connection is required to a particular free channel on a selected highway i.e. mode 1. ii) Connection is required to a particular outgoing highway, but any free channel it may be used. (i.e mode 2). outgoing
Unit 6 : Switching System Software Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Explain the basic software architecture of a typical DSS. Explain the operating system used for DSS. Explain the three levels of software architecture. Explain the types of DSS software. Explain the software linkages during a call. Explain the feature flow diagram with a flow chart.
Lesson Plan: L33 L34 L35 L36 L37 L38 Introduction, Scope, Basic software architecture. Operating systems, Database management, Concept of generic program. Software architecture for level 1 control, Software architecture for level 2 control, Software architecture for level 3 control. Digital switching system software classification. Call models, Connect sequence, Software linkages during call. Call features, Feature flow diagram, Feature interaction.
Assignments:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Explain in brief basic software architecture used in digital switching systems. Explain in brief call models and connect sequence. With a suitable diagram explain call linkages during a call. Write a short on operating system used for DSS. Explain the types of DSS software. Differentiate between translation data and office data. Explain in brief all tree levels of software architecture Write a short note on call models. What is feature flow diagram? Explain with flow charts. Explain call models and connect sequences.
Unit 7 : Maintenance of Digital Switching System Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Explain the software maintenance in DSS.
Explain the organizational interfaces of a typical DSS central office. Explain the system outage and its impact on DSS reliability. Explain the methodology used for reporting and correction of field problems. Explain the strategy used for improvement of software quality.
Lesson Plan: L39 L40 L41 L42 L43 L44 L45 L46 Introduction. System outage and its impact on digital switching system reliability. Embedded patcher concept. A methodology for proper maintenance of digital switching system. Switching system maintainability metrics. Reported critical and major faults corrected. Program for software process improvement. Metrics, Defect analysis.
Assignments: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Explain in brief system outage and its impact on DSS reliability. Explain in brief a methodology for proper maintenance of a DSS, such as diagnostic capabilities and firmware deployment. Explain in brief a strategy for improving software quality. Explain the interfaces of digital switching central office. Explain the methodology used for reporting and correction of field problems. Explain switching system maintainability metrics used for DSS. Write a short not on defect analysis. Write a short note on interfaces of DSS central office.
Unit 8 : A Generic Digital Switching System Model Learning Objectives: At the end of this chapter student will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Explain generic switch hardware architecture with neat diagram. Explain generic switch software architecture with neat diagram. Explain the three types of level recovery strategy. List the types necessary to complete a simple call. Explain the common characteristics of Digital Switching Systems.
Lesson Plan: L47 L48 L49 L50 L51 L52 Introduction, Scope, Hardware architecture. Software architecture. Recovery strategy. Simple call through a digital system. Common characteristics of digital switching systems. Analysis report. Reliability analysis.
Assignments: 1. Explain in brief generic switch hardware architecture. 2. Explain in brief common characteristics of a Digital Switching System. 3. Write short notes on:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING o Reliability Analysis or Network Control Processors. o Recovery Strategy. 4. Explain generic switch software with respect to a suitable block diagram. 5. Explain recovery stage of initialization process with examples. 6. Explain the types necessary to complete a simple call. 7. Write a short note on reliability analysis. 8. Write short note on line-line intra IC call.
5. Portion for Internal Assessment Test

I. A. Test Unit Nos. I 1&2 II 3,4 & 5 III 6,7 & 8
6. VTU Question Papers 06EC55 Fifth Semester B.E Degree Examination, Dec.08/Jan.09
Digital Switching Systems

Time: 3hrs two questions from each part 2. Missing data may be suitably assumed. PART A 1. a. Explain in brief with a neat diagram different Network configurations and structures. (08 Marks) b. Explain in brief Regulations, Standards in a Telecommunication network. (06 Marks) c. Explain in brief Power levels encountered in Telecommunication Transmission systems. (06 Marks) Max. Marks: 100 Note : 1. Answer any five full questions, choosing at least
2. a Explain in brief the operation of a Four Wire circuit used in Two-way Transmission systems. (08 Marks) b. A Four Wire circuit has a Round-trip delay of 20ms. The Propagation time for the 2 wire circuit connected is 1 ms at each end, and its attenuation is 6 dB. The balance return loss is 3 dB, stability margin is also 3 dB. Determine: i) Attenuation of the Talker Echo. ii) Attenuation of the Listner Echo. iii) Delays of the Talker and Listner Echoes c. Explain in brief PCM primary Multiplex group. (06 Marks) (06 Marks) (06 Marks) b. Explain in brief different functions of a switching system. (06 Marks)
3. a. Explain in brief what do you mean by message switching and circuit switching.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING c. Explain in brief with a neat diagram distributed systems. 4. a. Define and explain the following terms: i) Traffic Intensity; ii) Grade of service; iii) Busy hour; iv) Blocking Probability; v) Blocking Network. finite queue capacity. (05 Marks) (10 Marks) b. Derive the Erlangs second distribution equation in case of switching systems, for a c. During the busy hour, on average 30E is offered to a group of trunks. On average, total period during which all trunks are busy is 12 secs and two calls are lost. Find the average no. of calls carried by the group and average call duration. (05 Marks) PART B 5. a. With a neat sketch, explain a space switch for K incoming PCM highways and m outgoing PCM highways. double ended unilateral and bilateral synchronization systems. (08 Marks) (12 Marks) b. Discuss the need for frame alignment in Time division switching networks. Explain (08 Marks)
6. a. Explain in brief basic software architecture used in digital switching systems. (14 Marks) b. Explain in brief call models and connect sequence. 7. a. Explain in brief system outage and its impact on DSS Reliability. capabilities and firmware deployment. c. Explain in brief a strategy for improving software quality. 8. a. Explain in brief generic switch hardware architecture. b. Explain in brief common characteristics of a Digital switching system. c. Write short notes on: i) Reliability Analysis or Network Control Processors, ii) Recovery Strategy. (06 Marks) (06 Marks) (08 Marks) (06 Marks) (06 Marks) (08 Marks)
b. Explain in brief a methodology for proper maintenance of a DSS, such as diagnostic
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING (06 Marks)
06EC55 Fifth Semester B.E Degree Examination, June/July.2009

Time: 3hrs two questions from each part 2. Missing data may be suitably assumed. PART A 1. a. Explain various types of network structures. (05 Marks) (08 Marks) c. Design any one type of PDH with a suitable diagram. 2. a Highlight the advantages and disadvantages of a crossbar switch. b. Describe the functions of switching system. c. Explain the working of distribution frame in strowger exchange. 3. a. What is grading? Describe various types of gradings. arrive at the optimum solution. incoming and M outgoing trunks 4. a. Derive second Erlangs distribution formula. . (07 Marks) (06 Marks) (06 Marks) (08Marks) (05 Marks) (08 Marks) (07 Marks) (08 Marks) b. Explain frequency division multiplexing with respect to a suitable block diagram. Max. Marks: 100 Note : 1. Answer any five full questions, choosing at least
b. Design a two-stage network to connect 12 incoming trunks to 9 outgoing trunks and c. Deduce the total number of cross points to three stage switching network with N
b. On an average during the busy hour, a company makes 180 outgoing calls of average duration of 3 minutes. It receives 400 incoming calls of average duration 6 minutes. Find:
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING i) The outgoing traffic; ii) The incoming traffic; iii) The total traffic. traffic, i) How much is the GOS improved if one extra trunk is added to the group? ii) How much does the GOS deteriorate if one trunk is out of service? (06 Marks) (06 Marks)
c. A group of 20 trunks provides a grade of service of 0.01 when offered 12E of
PART B 5. a. Explain time-space-time switch with a suitable diagram. b. Explain frame synchronization. (06 Marks) (06 Marks)
c. A T-S-T network has 20 incoming and 20 outgoing PCM highways, each conveying 30 channels. The required grade of service is 0.01. Find the traffic capacity of the network if: i) Connection is required to a particular free channel on a selected highway i.e. mode 1. ii) Connection is required to a particular outgoing highway, but any free channel it may be used. (i.e mode 2). (08 Marks) outgoing
6. a. Explain the working of operating system indicating the basic software architecture of a typical digital switching system. b. With a suitable diagram, explain software linkages during a call. 7. a. Explain the interfaces of digital switching central office. b. Highlight the strategy for improving software quality. (12 Marks) (08 Marks) (10 Marks) (10 Marks)
8. a. Explain generic switch software with respect to a suitable block diagram.(10 Marks) b. Explain recovery stage of initialization process with examples. (10 Marks)
06EC55 Fifth Semester B.E Degree Examination, Dec.09/Jan.10

Time: 3hrs two questions from each part 2. Missing data may be suitably assumed. PART A 1. a. Briefly explain the different network structures used in communication. (08 Marks) b. Explain the principle operation of four wire circuits, with the help of a neat diagram. (06 Marks) c. Give the need for standards. 2. a Define: i) Traffic; ii) Congestion; iii) Lost call systems. (04 Marks) (06 Marks) Max. Marks: 100 Note : 1. Answer any five full questions, choosing at least
b. During the busy hour, on average, a customer with a single telephone line makes three calls. The average call duration is two minutes. What is the probability that a caller will find the line engaged? (04 Marks) c. Derive an expression for second Erlang distribution from the basic principles. (06Marks) 3. a. List the functions of switching systems. through digital switching systems. c. Define the different facilities provided by electronic switching. 4. a. What is grading? Explain any two types of gradings. (08 Marks) (09 Marks) (03 Marks) (06 Marks)
b. With a neat diagram, explain basic call processing of incoming and outgoing calls
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING b. Derive an expression for grade of service of a three stage network. (08 Marks) (06 Marks) PART B 5. a. Explain space switch with the help of a neat diagram. (08 Marks) b. An STS network has 16 incoming and 16 outgoing highways, each of which conveys 24 PCM channels. Between the incoming and outgoing space switches, there are 20 links containing time switches. During busy hour, the network is offered 300 Erlangs of traffic. Estimate grade of service if: i) Connection is required to a particular free channel on a selected outgoing highway. ii) Connection is required to a particular outgoing highway, but any free channel on it may be used. (08 Marks) c. Explain the need for frame alignment in time division switching network(04 Marks) 6. a. List the call features. b. Briefly explain the basic call model. diagrams. 7. a. Explain the organizational interfaces of a typical DSS central office. b. What is system outage impact on digital switching system? c. Write a brief note on defect analysis. 8. a. Explain generic switch hardware architecture with a neat diagram. b. Explain the three level scheme of recovery strategy in a digital switch. c. List the basic steps necessary to complete a simple call. (05 Marks) (06 Marks) (09 Marks) (10 Marks) (04 Marks) (06 Marks) (09 Marks) (06 Marks) (05 Marks)
c. Derive a three stage network for connecting 100 incoming and 100 outgoing trunks.
c. Explain the three modes of operation for call forwarding using simple flow
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Digital Switching Systems (Course Content)

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B.L.D.E. Associations V.P. Dr. P.G.

Halakatti College of Engineering & Technology, BIJAPUR 586 103

DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS (COURSE CONTENT)

Subject : Digital Switching Systems

Subject code: 06EC55

1. Prerequisites for the course

2. Overview of the course and relevance to this program

The PCM primary multiplex group, PDH. SDH, Transmission performance.

5. Portion for Internal Assessment Test

Digital Switching Systems

b. Explain in brief a methodology for proper maintenance of a DSS, such as diagnostic

06EC55 Fifth Semester B.E Degree Examination, June/July.2009

Digital Switching Systems

c. A group of 20 trunks provides a grade of service of 0.01 when offered 12E of

06EC55 Fifth Semester B.E Degree Examination, Dec.09/Jan.10

Digital Switching Systems

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